Jon Henderson | University of Edinburgh (original) (raw)
Papers by Jon Henderson
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 1996
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2012
Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 2004
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2005
A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe,... more A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe, in July 2004. A trench measuring 3 × 5 m was opened on the northern side, in c.3 m of water. Around 1 m of organic deposits was encountered, along with structural timbers and animal bones. Despite a previous 4th century BC radiocarbon determination from a structural timber, a sherd of E ware from a sealed context gives an Early Historic date for the deposits excavated in 2004. The results from this first intrusive investigation of a Loch Awe crannog demonstrate that these sites are complex and long-lived.© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society
As part of the second phase of the South West Crannog Survey, the crannog in Loch Arthur, New Abb... more As part of the second phase of the South West Crannog Survey, the crannog in Loch Arthur, New Abbey, Dumfries and Galloway, was surveyed and small-scale excavations were carried out on submerged eroding deposits. The crannog was seen to be at threat from erosion for a number of reasons, including insect infestation, aquatic plants and wave action. The eroding deposits were sampled and their ecofactual content analysed and structural timbers from various positions in the crannog mound were radiocarbon dated. The results suggest that the site is a massive packwerk mound that was constructed in the second half of the 1st millennium BC, most likely in one event. After an apparent period of abandonment, the site was reoccupied in the later medieval period.
This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeo... more This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeological survey of the submerged ancient town of Pavlopetri. The snorkeler or diver operated system provides a low cost alternative to the use of an AUV or ROV in shallow waters. The system produces textured three-dimensional models, which contain significantly more information than traditional archaeological survey methods. The photo-realistic maps that are produced allow further archaeological research to be performed, without diving on a site during the restrictive time limitations of permits and field seasons. The hardware and software components of the mapping system and its method of operation are described, and initial results are presented and discussed.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
Creating photo-mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost-effectively and,... more Creating photo-mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost-effectively and, most importantly, to a high
level of geometric accuracy remains a huge challenge in underwater archaeology. This paper describes a system that takes
geo-referenced stereo imagery from a diver-propelled platform and combines it with mapping techniques widely used in the field
of robotic science to create high-resolution 2D photo-mosaics and detailed 3D textured models of submerged archaeological
features. The system was field tested on the submerged Bronze Age town of Pavlopetri off the coast of Laconia, Greece, in 2010.
This paper outlines the equipment used, data collection in the field, image processing and visualization methodology.
Pharos, Journal of the Netherlands Institute in Athens
This paper presents preliminary results from the ongoing research at the now submerged prehistori... more This paper presents preliminary results from the ongoing research at the now submerged prehistoric town of Pavlopetri on the Malea peninsula in south-east Laconia. The paper presents evidence for the Early Helladic occupation of the town, reconstructing the local community's contacts with their Laconian neighbours and beyond, and at placing the harbour town within the context of Early Bronze Age seafaring and exchange networks.
This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeo... more This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeological survey of the submerged ancient town of Pavlopetri. The diver operated system provides a low cost alternative to the use of ROVs or AUVs in shallow waters. The system produces textured three-dimensional models, which contain significantly more information than traditional archaeological survey methods. The photo-realistic maps produced allow further archaeological research to be performed, without diving on a site during the restrictive time limitations of permits and field seasons. The hardware and software components of the mapping system and its method of operation are described, and initial results are presented and discussed.
"Pavlopetri, off the coast of Laconia, Greece, is a submerged prehistoric town, which consists of... more "Pavlopetri, off the coast of Laconia, Greece, is a submerged prehistoric town, which consists of intact building foundations, courtyards, streets, graves, and rock-cut tombs. New underwater
research in 2009 consisted of detailed underwater survey of the structural remains (using a robotic total station and sector-scan sonar technology) alongside sampling of the artefactual material across the site. In addition to the digital recording of the 30,000 m2 of previously known buildings, over 9000 m2 of new buildings were discovered in 2009 including a large rectangular hall and a street lined with buildings. The ceramics recovered confirm the Mycenaean occupation of the site but also reveal occupation as early as 3500 BC making Pavlopetri, at over 5000 years old, the oldest known submerged town in world."
Relics of old decency: archaeological studies in later prehistory: festschrift for Barry Raftery., 2009
In Scotland evidence for living in wet environments has come almost exclusively from freshwater ... more In Scotland evidence for living in wet environments has
come almost exclusively from freshwater lochs in the form of
lake-dwellings or crannogs. This paper attempts to
move beyond functionalist readings of crannogs and, based
on their distribution and dating, place them within their
wider social and cultural context.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2005
A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe,... more A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe, in July 2004. A trench measuring 3 × 5 m was opened on the northern side, in c.3 m of water. Around 1 m of organic deposits was encountered, along with structural timbers and animal bones. Despite a previous 4th century BC radiocarbon determination from a structural timber, a sherd of E ware from a sealed context gives an Early Historic date for the deposits excavated in 2004. The results from this first intrusive investigation of a Loch Awe crannog demonstrate that these sites are complex and long-lived.
Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 1998
Scottish crannogs or lake dwellings are considered to be structurally varied sites with an extrem... more Scottish crannogs or lake dwellings are considered to be structurally varied sites with an extremely wide distribution, used from the neolithic up until at least the 17th century AD. As a result assumptions about the dating and form of individual sites are considered impossible without excavation. This paper demonstrates that the current classifications lack utility and that the long chronology view is misleading. It is suggested that there is a far more subtle spectrum of identifiably distinct monuments which can be arranged into types, and that these types have, on the basis of the current radiocarbon evidence, a chronological significance.
Underwater survey at the Lake of Menteith, a shallow Lowland loch, located four sites which can b... more Underwater survey at the Lake of Menteith, a shallow Lowland loch, located four sites which can be identified as crannogs. Survey data was captured using aerial photographs, sidescan sonar, and intensive echo-sounding from a small boat, backed up by diver search. This ...
Books by Jon Henderson
The IKUWA 3 proceedings features 66 papers divided into sections on managing underwater cultural ... more The IKUWA 3 proceedings features 66 papers divided into sections on managing underwater cultural heritage (with papers
on current legal frameworks, managing wreck sites, preservation, ethics and professional responsibility), nautical archaeology (including new finds, considerations of nautical social history and the ethnography of boats), maritime landscapes (including
submerged prehistoric landscapes as well as ports, harbours and dockyards), freshwater archaeology (from river finds to lake dwellings), new methods (introducing state-of-the-art survey, excavation and conservation techniques), and finishes with new approaches in training, education and public outreach. The end result is an exceptional snapshot of the diversity, ingenuity and sheer scope of research into underwater and maritime archaeology at the beginning of the 21st century.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 1996
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2012
Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 2004
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2005
A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe,... more A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe, in July 2004. A trench measuring 3 × 5 m was opened on the northern side, in c.3 m of water. Around 1 m of organic deposits was encountered, along with structural timbers and animal bones. Despite a previous 4th century BC radiocarbon determination from a structural timber, a sherd of E ware from a sealed context gives an Early Historic date for the deposits excavated in 2004. The results from this first intrusive investigation of a Loch Awe crannog demonstrate that these sites are complex and long-lived.© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society
As part of the second phase of the South West Crannog Survey, the crannog in Loch Arthur, New Abb... more As part of the second phase of the South West Crannog Survey, the crannog in Loch Arthur, New Abbey, Dumfries and Galloway, was surveyed and small-scale excavations were carried out on submerged eroding deposits. The crannog was seen to be at threat from erosion for a number of reasons, including insect infestation, aquatic plants and wave action. The eroding deposits were sampled and their ecofactual content analysed and structural timbers from various positions in the crannog mound were radiocarbon dated. The results suggest that the site is a massive packwerk mound that was constructed in the second half of the 1st millennium BC, most likely in one event. After an apparent period of abandonment, the site was reoccupied in the later medieval period.
This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeo... more This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeological survey of the submerged ancient town of Pavlopetri. The snorkeler or diver operated system provides a low cost alternative to the use of an AUV or ROV in shallow waters. The system produces textured three-dimensional models, which contain significantly more information than traditional archaeological survey methods. The photo-realistic maps that are produced allow further archaeological research to be performed, without diving on a site during the restrictive time limitations of permits and field seasons. The hardware and software components of the mapping system and its method of operation are described, and initial results are presented and discussed.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
Creating photo-mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost-effectively and,... more Creating photo-mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost-effectively and, most importantly, to a high
level of geometric accuracy remains a huge challenge in underwater archaeology. This paper describes a system that takes
geo-referenced stereo imagery from a diver-propelled platform and combines it with mapping techniques widely used in the field
of robotic science to create high-resolution 2D photo-mosaics and detailed 3D textured models of submerged archaeological
features. The system was field tested on the submerged Bronze Age town of Pavlopetri off the coast of Laconia, Greece, in 2010.
This paper outlines the equipment used, data collection in the field, image processing and visualization methodology.
Pharos, Journal of the Netherlands Institute in Athens
This paper presents preliminary results from the ongoing research at the now submerged prehistori... more This paper presents preliminary results from the ongoing research at the now submerged prehistoric town of Pavlopetri on the Malea peninsula in south-east Laconia. The paper presents evidence for the Early Helladic occupation of the town, reconstructing the local community's contacts with their Laconian neighbours and beyond, and at placing the harbour town within the context of Early Bronze Age seafaring and exchange networks.
This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeo... more This paper presents a vision-based underwater mapping system, which is demonstrated in an archaeological survey of the submerged ancient town of Pavlopetri. The diver operated system provides a low cost alternative to the use of ROVs or AUVs in shallow waters. The system produces textured three-dimensional models, which contain significantly more information than traditional archaeological survey methods. The photo-realistic maps produced allow further archaeological research to be performed, without diving on a site during the restrictive time limitations of permits and field seasons. The hardware and software components of the mapping system and its method of operation are described, and initial results are presented and discussed.
"Pavlopetri, off the coast of Laconia, Greece, is a submerged prehistoric town, which consists of... more "Pavlopetri, off the coast of Laconia, Greece, is a submerged prehistoric town, which consists of intact building foundations, courtyards, streets, graves, and rock-cut tombs. New underwater
research in 2009 consisted of detailed underwater survey of the structural remains (using a robotic total station and sector-scan sonar technology) alongside sampling of the artefactual material across the site. In addition to the digital recording of the 30,000 m2 of previously known buildings, over 9000 m2 of new buildings were discovered in 2009 including a large rectangular hall and a street lined with buildings. The ceramics recovered confirm the Mycenaean occupation of the site but also reveal occupation as early as 3500 BC making Pavlopetri, at over 5000 years old, the oldest known submerged town in world."
Relics of old decency: archaeological studies in later prehistory: festschrift for Barry Raftery., 2009
In Scotland evidence for living in wet environments has come almost exclusively from freshwater ... more In Scotland evidence for living in wet environments has
come almost exclusively from freshwater lochs in the form of
lake-dwellings or crannogs. This paper attempts to
move beyond functionalist readings of crannogs and, based
on their distribution and dating, place them within their
wider social and cultural context.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2005
A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe,... more A trial excavation was carried out on the near-submerged crannog at Ederline Boathouse, Loch Awe, in July 2004. A trench measuring 3 × 5 m was opened on the northern side, in c.3 m of water. Around 1 m of organic deposits was encountered, along with structural timbers and animal bones. Despite a previous 4th century BC radiocarbon determination from a structural timber, a sherd of E ware from a sealed context gives an Early Historic date for the deposits excavated in 2004. The results from this first intrusive investigation of a Loch Awe crannog demonstrate that these sites are complex and long-lived.
Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 1998
Scottish crannogs or lake dwellings are considered to be structurally varied sites with an extrem... more Scottish crannogs or lake dwellings are considered to be structurally varied sites with an extremely wide distribution, used from the neolithic up until at least the 17th century AD. As a result assumptions about the dating and form of individual sites are considered impossible without excavation. This paper demonstrates that the current classifications lack utility and that the long chronology view is misleading. It is suggested that there is a far more subtle spectrum of identifiably distinct monuments which can be arranged into types, and that these types have, on the basis of the current radiocarbon evidence, a chronological significance.
Underwater survey at the Lake of Menteith, a shallow Lowland loch, located four sites which can b... more Underwater survey at the Lake of Menteith, a shallow Lowland loch, located four sites which can be identified as crannogs. Survey data was captured using aerial photographs, sidescan sonar, and intensive echo-sounding from a small boat, backed up by diver search. This ...
The IKUWA 3 proceedings features 66 papers divided into sections on managing underwater cultural ... more The IKUWA 3 proceedings features 66 papers divided into sections on managing underwater cultural heritage (with papers
on current legal frameworks, managing wreck sites, preservation, ethics and professional responsibility), nautical archaeology (including new finds, considerations of nautical social history and the ethnography of boats), maritime landscapes (including
submerged prehistoric landscapes as well as ports, harbours and dockyards), freshwater archaeology (from river finds to lake dwellings), new methods (introducing state-of-the-art survey, excavation and conservation techniques), and finishes with new approaches in training, education and public outreach. The end result is an exceptional snapshot of the diversity, ingenuity and sheer scope of research into underwater and maritime archaeology at the beginning of the 21st century.
It may be surprising to learn that this book is the first ever survey of the Atlantic Iron Age: t... more It may be surprising to learn that this book is the first ever survey of the Atlantic Iron Age: this tradition is cited in archaeology frequently enough to seem firmly established, yet has never been clearly defined. With this book, Jon Henderson provides an important and much-needed exploration of the archaeology of western areas of Britain, Ireland, France and Spain to consider how far Atlantic Iron Age communities were in contact with each other.
By examining the evidence for settlement and maritime trade, as well as aspects of the material culture of each area, Henderson identifies distinct Atlantic social identities through time. He also pinpoints areas of similarity: the possibility of cultural 'cross-pollination' caused by maritime links and to what extent these contacts influenced and altered the distinctive character of local communities. A major theme running through the book is the role of the Atlantic seaboard itself and what impact this unique environment had on the ways Atlantic communities perceived themselves and their place in the world.
As a history of these communities unfolds, a general archaeological Atlantic identity breaks down into a range of regional identities which compare interestingly with each other and with traditional models of Celtic identity.
Bringing together the Iron Age settlement evidence for the Atlantic regions in one place for the first time, this excellent and original book is certain to establish itself as the definitive study of the Atlantic Iron Age.