Paul Longley Arthur | Edith Cowan University (original) (raw)

Book Chapters by Paul Longley Arthur

The Cambridge History of Travel Writing, 2019

Digital Humanities and Scholarly Research Trends in the Asia-Pacific, 2019

This chapter traces the development of digital humanities in Australia, with reference to major p... more This chapter traces the development of digital humanities in Australia, with reference to major projects, events, and the establishment of the Australasian Association for Digital Humanities (aaDH). It begins by referring to national exemplar projects that predate the establishment of the association in 2011, as well as to major events and initiatives that formed a foundation for the Australian field. It outlines the history of the establishment of aaDH as a professional association, reflecting on its directions over the past decade, and describes the parallel development of major research infrastructure initiatives that have supported the field's further growth. The chapter is written from the perspective of the association's founding president.

Border Crossings: Essays in Identity and Belonging, 2019

Migrant Nation: Australian Culture, Society and Identity, 2018

Europa baut auf Biographien: Aspekte, Bausteine, Normen und Standards für eine europäische Biographik, 2017

Memorialisation: Kulturelle Dynamiken / Cultural Dynamics, 2015

From the beginning of known human history people have devised ways of providing enduring links be... more From the beginning of known human history people have devised ways of providing enduring links between the living and the dead. In this century, as people increasingly live online, archives are being generated for them, mostly without their knowledge. For those who are no longer alive, these remnants and traces form an automatically generated obituary of sorts, a lasting tribute which cannot be easily removed, modified or contested. However, the Internet is also a space for intentional memorialisation, in the form of online memorials of many different kinds.

Intentional online memorial practices by way of memorial sites are increasingly being integrated into everyday social interactions using social media. What are these ‘sites’? What forms do they take? How are they functionally different from physical sites of remembrance? Online memorialisation is still a very new field of critical inquiry. These practices have been the focus of sociological and psychological studies, and they have also been considered in terms of interaction design and human-computer interaction, but they have not received the same attention from interdisciplinary perspectives. The implications of this research are wide. The topic has relevance for fields ranging from journalism and media studies to clinical practice, opening up new opportunities for understanding changing concepts of identity, community and memory in the digital era.

Advancing Digital Humanities: Research, Methods, Theories, 2014

Contemporary Approaches in Literary Trauma Theory, 2014

International Life Writing: Memory and Identity in Global Context, 2013

Collaborative and Distributed E-Research: Innovations in Technologies, Strategies, and Applications, 2012

E-Research is well-established in science and technology fields but is at an earlier stage of dev... more E-Research is well-established in science and technology fields but is at an earlier stage of development in the humanities. Investments in technology infrastructure worldwide, however, are starting to pay dividends, and a cultural change is occurring, enabling closer collaborations between researchers in a sector that has traditionally emphasized individual research activities. This chapter discusses ways in which the humanities are utilizing digital methods, including: creating and enhancing online collections; building knowledge communities around projects, disciplines, and data; and communicating research results in widely accessible formats. E-Research has brought with it new attitudes, behaviors, and expectations. Topics include the growing opportunities for collaborative and cross-disciplinary approaches, building the information commons, and the need for long-term strategic investment in research infrastructure.

Voices from the West End: Stories, People and Events That Shaped Fremantle, 2009

Global Media, Culture, and Identity: Theory, Cases, and Approaches, 2011

Digital history spans disciplines and can take many forms. Computer technology started to revolut... more Digital history spans disciplines and can take many forms. Computer technology started to revolutionize the study of history more than three decades ago, and yet genres and formats for recording and presenting history using digital media are not well established and we are only now starting to see large-scale benefits. New modes of publication, new methods for doing research, and new channels of communication are making historical research richer, more relevant, and globally accessible. Many applications of computer-based research and publication are natural extensions of the established techniques for researching and writing history. Others are consciously experimental. This chapter discusses the latest advances in the digital history field and explores how new media technologies are reconfiguring the study of the past.

Save As… Digital Memories, 2009

Journal Articles by Paul Longley Arthur

Australian Journal of Biography and History, 2022

Australian Studies Journal [Zeitschrift für Australienstudien], 2021

The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 2021

During the twenty-first century, for the first time, the volume of digital data has surpassed the... more During the twenty-first century, for the first time, the volume of digital data has surpassed the amount of analog data. As academic practices increasingly become digital, opportunities arise to reshape the future of scholarly communication through more accessible, interactive, open, and transparent methods that engage a far broader and more diverse public. Yet despite these advances, the research performance of universities and public research institutes remains largely evaluated through publication and citation analysis rather than by public engagement and societal impact. This article reviews how changes to bibliometric evaluations toward greater use of altmetrics, including social media mentions, could enhance uptake of open scholarship in the humanities. In addition, the article highlights current challenges faced by the open scholarship movement, given the complexity of the humanities in terms of its sources and outputs that include monographs, book chapters, and journals in languages other than English; the use of popular media not considered as scholarly papers; the lack of time and energy to develop digital skills among research staff; problems of authority and trust regarding the scholarly or non-academic nature of social media platforms; the prestige of large academic publishing houses; and limited awareness of and familiarity with advanced digital applications. While peer review will continue to be a primary method for evaluating research in the humanities, a combination of altmetrics and other assessment of research impact through different data sources may provide a way forward to ensure the increased use, sustainability, and effectiveness of open scholarship in the humanities.

Journal of Communication, 2021

Open research represents a new set of principles and methodologies for greater cooperation, trans... more Open research represents a new set of principles and methodologies for greater cooperation, transparent sharing of findings, and access to and re-use of research data, materials or outputs, making knowledge more freely available to wider audiences for societal benefit. Yet, the future success of the international move toward open research will be dependent on key stakeholders addressing current barriers to increase uptake, effectiveness, and sustainability. This article builds on "An Agenda for Open Science in Communication," raising dialog around the need for a broader view of open research as opposed to open science through a deeper understanding of specific challenges faced by the humanities. It reviews how the multifaceted nature of humanities research outputs make open communication formats more complex and costly. While new avenues are emerging to advance open research, there is a need for more collaborative, coordinated efforts to better connect humanities scholars with the communities they serve.

Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2021

Open scholarship encompasses open access, open data, open source software, open educational resou... more Open scholarship encompasses open access, open data, open source software, open educational resources, and all other forms of openness in the scholarly and research environment, using digital or computational techniques, or both. It can change how knowledge is created, preserved, and shared, and can better connect academics with communities they serve. Yet, the movement toward open scholarship has encountered significant challenges. This article begins by examining the history of open scholarship in Australia. It then reviews the literature to examine key barriers hampering uptake of open scholarship, with emphasis on the humanities. This involves a review of global, institutional, systemic, and financial obstacles, followed by a synthesis of how these barriers are influenced at diverse stakeholder levels: policymakers and peak bodies, publishers, senior university administrators, researchers, librarians, and platform providers. The review illustrates how universities are increasingly hard-pressed to sustain access to publicly funded research as journal, monograph, and open scholarship costs continue to rise. Those in academia voice concerns about the lack of appropriate open scholarship infrastructure and recognition for the adoption of open practices. Limited access to credible research has led, in some cases, to public misunderstanding about legitimacy in online sources. This article, therefore, represents an urgent call for more empirical research around ‘missed opportunities’ to promote open scholarship. Only by better understanding barriers and needs across the university landscape can we address current challenges to open scholarship so research can be presented in usable and understandable ways, with data made more freely available for reuse by the broader public.

Journal of the Japanese Association for Digital Humanities, 2018

Migrants all over the world have left multiple traces in different countries, and this cultural h... more Migrants all over the world have left multiple traces in different countries, and this cultural heritage is of growing interest to researchers and to the migrant communities themselves. Cultural heritage institutions, however, have dwindling funds and resources to meet the demand for the heritage of immigrant communities to be protected. In this article we propose that the key to bridging this gap is to be found in new possibilities that are opened up if resources are linked to enable digital exploration of archival records and collections. In particular, we focus on the value of building a composite and distributed resource around migrants' life courses. If this approach is used and dispersed collections held by heritage institutions can be linked, migrant communities can have access to detailed information about their families and researchers to a wealth of data-serial and qualitative-for sophisticated and innovative research. Not only does the scattered data become more usable and manageable, it becomes more visible and coherent; patterns can be discovered that were not apparent before. We use the Dutch-Australian collaborative project "Migrant: Mobilities and Connection" as an example and case study of this life course-centered methodology and propose that this may develop into a migration heritage template for migrants worldwide.

The Cambridge History of Travel Writing, 2019

Digital Humanities and Scholarly Research Trends in the Asia-Pacific, 2019

Border Crossings: Essays in Identity and Belonging, 2019

Migrant Nation: Australian Culture, Society and Identity, 2018

Europa baut auf Biographien: Aspekte, Bausteine, Normen und Standards für eine europäische Biographik, 2017

Memorialisation: Kulturelle Dynamiken / Cultural Dynamics, 2015

Advancing Digital Humanities: Research, Methods, Theories, 2014

Contemporary Approaches in Literary Trauma Theory, 2014

International Life Writing: Memory and Identity in Global Context, 2013

Collaborative and Distributed E-Research: Innovations in Technologies, Strategies, and Applications, 2012

Voices from the West End: Stories, People and Events That Shaped Fremantle, 2009

Global Media, Culture, and Identity: Theory, Cases, and Approaches, 2011

Save As… Digital Memories, 2009

Australian Journal of Biography and History, 2022

Australian Studies Journal [Zeitschrift für Australienstudien], 2021

The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 2021

Journal of Communication, 2021

Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2021

Journal of the Japanese Association for Digital Humanities, 2018

Life Writing, 2017

We are in the midst of a data revolution that has penetrated the daily life of most of the world'... more We are in the midst of a data revolution that has penetrated the daily life of most of the world's population so suddenly and deeply that it is impossible to grasp the extent of its impact on the concepts of self and identity. At the same time as accessing the ever-expanding realm of data via our networked devices, we are also contributing to it with every click or touch and generating a new kind of self in the free and open space of the Internet-'the world's largest ungoverned space'. Can the new inclusiveness that digital technologies have given us be understood as the fulfilment of campaigns waged by critical theories in the late twenty-first century against the authority and centrality of mainstream narratives and the visions they promulgated of the world and ourselves? Or are we facing a new kind of imperialism as we fall under the spell of algorithmic culture-the monster we ourselves have created, nurtured and set free? This paper considers identity in the twenty-first century in terms of the tensions and contradictions between freedom and chaos, definition and dissolution, location and placelessness that are inherent in the digital world.

a/b: Auto/Biography Studies, 2017

Journal of Contemporary Thought, 2015

The act of translation is the defining communicative process of our era. With mass migration and ... more The act of translation is the defining communicative process of our era. With mass migration and mobility on an unprecedented scale-changing concepts of place, identity, and nation-and the rapid rise of digital communication technologies, translation in its many forms has become a fundamental requirement for living in a globalised world. Translation studies today extend far beyond the linguistic realm to cultural transmission across ethnic, religious, and generational boundaries and also to the reconfiguration of cultural material as it moves from one medium to another and particularly from analogue to digital forms. By definition, to 'translate' is to transfer, transport, transmit, transmute, or transform. The notion of 'rendering in another medium or form', dating from the sixteenth century, has particular resonance in the digital age and, through its historical usage, to 'translate' can also imply to enchant, entrance, or enrapture.

This paper considers translation from three different broad perspectives. In doing so it seeks to illustrate the historical power of translation, particularly in terms of its role in generating personal and national identities, and its changing roles and challenges in the contemporary global cultural context. First, I consider cultural translation, as interpretation of unfamiliar or unknown places or peoples; second, biographical translation, as the process of transmuting lives into texts; and third, translation in terms of the digital, as an activity of transfer and transformation of objects and identities to new forms via digital technologies.

Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 2015

Life Writing, 2015

Over the past two decades, memory, understood as both the act of remembering and a means of stori... more Over the past two decades, memory, understood as both the act of remembering and a means of storing memories, has been relocating itself. In its daily usage it has been moving from the mind to the computer-from neurological systems to digital technologies-as people increasingly outsource memory to digital devices. In this essay I focus on the changing nature of remembering-and forgetting-in the digital era. With an emphasis on personal stories I ask: How is intergenerational memory transfer changing as a result of digital media technologies? Specifically, what are the implications of the shift to digital storage and communication processes for the way we retain, pass on, or receive private and intimate material? How has this changed the way we see ourselves and view our lives, and allow others to see ourselves and our lives?

European Journal of Life Writing , 2015

This essay investigates how the digital medium has recently enabled radical changes in the ways t... more This essay investigates how the digital medium has recently enabled radical changes in the ways that national biography can be generated and engaged with. It takes the position that national biography, whether or not it sets out to do so, reflects how a nation views itself. The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB) has been produced continuously for more than 50 years, and has cumulatively generated a story of a nation. The nature of that collective narrative, however, is not easy to discover. Now, as a result of the ADB's recent adoption of digital formats, the potential for analysis of the biographies it contains has expanded exponentially, offering unprecedented research opportunities for investigating in new ways how the idea of nation itself has evolved in Australia.

a/b: Auto/Biography Studies, 2014

Life Writing, 2014

My Ukrainian grandparents Nadia and Petro Olijnyk arrived in Australia as postwar refugees in 194... more My Ukrainian grandparents Nadia and Petro Olijnyk arrived in Australia as postwar refugees in 1949. Petro died in 2005 and Nadia in 2009, each in their mid-90s. My grandfather loved telling stories and holding an audience. Nadia would sit with him, listening, but Petro would never allow her to take over. However, when he was not with her she would sometimes tell her own stories and I was struck by how different they were from his. This paper focuses not on Nadia's storytelling but her story writing, something she began to do in her late 80s for the first time in her life. Always a voracious reader (in Russian, Ukrainian and English), she also wrote fluently, mostly in English. Nadia wrote several hundreds of pages of notes, including many of her stories, in various notebooks-in the nursing home where she was immobile and totally bedridden for her last 10 years. Many people in the latter part of life communicate their early experiences through an unexplained feat of memory that brings back vivid details, but the motivation for Nadia to recall early experiences was much stronger than is usual. Her desire to recollect and to restore her experiences was a kind of holding on to life, and claiming and asserting it as valuable and meaningful.

Life Writing, 2011

When Hitler’s troops invaded and occupied the city of Kharkov in Ukraine, my grandparents Nadia, ... more When Hitler’s troops invaded and occupied the city of Kharkov in Ukraine, my grandparents Nadia, 26, and Petro, 30, had two young children, aged 7 and 5. My mother had not yet been born. In this tense and uncertain period it was unclear whether Ukraine would ultimately be controlled by Stalin or Hitler. There was nothing to recommend one over the other, they often said. Both regimes were brutal and both targeted Ukrainians. Mid-1943 marked a turning point—the end of their lives in Ukraine and the first stage of a journey into the unknown that led to their eventual arrival in Australia in 1949 as post-war refugees. They were packed into railway goods wagons with other Ukrainians and were taken from Kharkov, where they had built their world, to Dwikozy in Poland. This was the place of their first displacement from everything that made up their history and identity—homeland, language, culture, family, community, and career. Like many other refugees my grandparents attempted to compensate for the loss of their past by trying to recover it repeatedly years later in the stories that they told. In 1998, when I was in my 20s, I travelled to Dwikozy to try to connect with my grandparents’ memories and to better understand their lives. The place I found was indeed in the same physical location but when I returned to Australia and showed them what I had found it did not refresh or enrich my grandparents’ memories, as I had expected it would, even though there were confirming landmarks and signposts that they recognised. To them the place I was anxious to describe in words and photographs was an alien place, not the place they told stories of, not the place of their memories. Drawing upon my grandparents’ own stories of Dwikozy, this paper raises the issue faced by all biography, but especially intergenerational family biography, of the need to tread carefully when intruding into the memories of others.

a/b: Auto/Biography Studies, 2009

Traumatology, 2009

This article considers how traditional physical memorials to war and other catastrophic events di... more This article considers how traditional physical memorials to war and other catastrophic events differ from online memorials in the Web 2.0 environment and it asks what the benefits and drawbacks of each may be. There has always been an awkward fit between the public statements embodied in monuments to those who died in war and the personal stories told by individuals who returned. This disjuncture serves to demonstrate that the two ways of remembering traumatic events-the collective and the individual-have traditionally been poles apart and often contradictory. Gradually, over the past two decades, with the increasing influence of critical theories that have questioned national and other dominating discourses-and also with growing interest within the field of clinical psychology in what is now labeled posttraumatic stress disorder-there has been an increasing interest in the vast underlayer of personal stories that national narratives have shut out or silenced. What can new interactive digital modes for representing cataclysmic events offer to both witnesses and the users who access the Web sites? Online environments provide public spaces for expressing, sharing, and working through experiences of trauma and crisis. New communities are created and new kinds of records and histories are produced. But what are the effects of making private trauma so public? What can online commemoration achieve? What kinds of communities are created and how are these different from physical communities? This article addresses these and other related questions with reference to recent examples.

Australian Cultural History, 2009

This paper gives an overview of the ways that humanities research is embracing new digital resour... more This paper gives an overview of the ways that humanities research is embracing new digital resources and formats and suggests that the e-research revolution that is well advanced in the sciences is at an early stage in the humanities. Many of its potential benefits, and challenges, are different from those in the sciences and are just beginning to be understood. While researchers in the sciences have been accustomed to working collaboratively, this is less common in the humanities. Further, digital technologies seem to more naturally enhance and support existing methodologies and patterns of work in the sciences, whereas in the humanities they require more of a shift, a change in the traditional research culture. How then are the collaborative tools of e-research challenging humanities researchers to work differently? What are the new formats for publication and communication bringing to the most traditional disciplines such as history and literary studies? At which stages in the research process do e-research capabilities have the greatest impact for the humanities? What are the implications for the traditional materials, methodologies and products of humanities research? This paper addresses these questions with reference to examples of leading projects. Topics discussed include the newly flexible role of the archive, the changing responsibilities of collecting institutions as keepers and communicators of cultural knowledge, the increased interaction of university researchers with the community, the emerging status of creative production as a form of research, the engagement of non-specialists in the research process, and the challenges of collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches.

Proceedings of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 5th Conference, 2020

This paper reports on an Australian project that is developing an online system to deliver resear... more This paper reports on an Australian project that is developing an online system to deliver researcher-driven national-scale infrastructure for the humanities, focused on mapping, time series, and data integration. Australian scholars and scholars of Australia worldwide are well served with digital resources and tools to deepen the understanding of Australia and its historical and cultural heritage. There are, however, significant barriers to use. The Time-Layered Cultural Map of Australia (TLCMap) will provide an umbrella infrastructure related to time and space, helping to activate and draw together existing high-quality resources. TLCMap expands the use of Australian cultural and historical data for research through sharply defined and powerful discovery mechanisms. See https://tlcmap.newcastle.edu.au/.

Digital Heritage—Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection (Proceedings of the 7th International EuroMed Conference), 2018

Australia is recognised as one of the world's most culturally and ethnically diverse nations. Imm... more Australia is recognised as one of the world's most culturally and ethnically diverse nations. Immigration has historically played an important role in the nation's economic, social and cultural development. There is a pressing need to find innovative technological and archival approaches to deal with the challenge to digitally preserve Australia's migrant heritage, especially given the ageing of the European communities that were the first to come under the postwar mass migration scheme. This paper reports on plans for a national collaborative project to develop the foundational infrastructure for a dynamic, interoperable, migrant data resource for research and education. The Migration Experiences platform will connect and consolidate heterogeneous collections and resources and will provide an international exemplar underscoring the importance of digital preservation of cultural heritage and highlighting the opportunities new technologies can offer. The platform will widen the scope and range of the interpretative opportunities for researchers, and foster international academic relationships and networks involving partner organisations (universities, libraries, museums, archives and genealogical institutions). In doing so, it will contribute to better recognition and deeper understanding of the continuing role played by immigrants in Australia's national story.

On 6 and 7 November 2017 researchers from all over the world gathered in Linz, Austria, for the s... more On 6 and 7 November 2017 researchers from all over the world gathered in Linz, Austria, for the second conference on Biographical Data in a Digital World. The conference included 16 oral presentations and 10 poster presentations. These proceedings contain 13 fully reviewed papers that are based on the presentations given during this event.

Publishing Research Quarterly, 2020

Review of Building Equitable Access to Knowledge Through Open Access Repositories, by Nikos Koutr... more Review of Building Equitable Access to Knowledge Through Open Access Repositories, by Nikos Koutras. IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 2020, 333 pp., $144.00, Hardcover, ISBN 9781799811312.

Studies in Western Australian History, 2013

Review of Seeking Wisdom: A Centenary History of Western Australia, edited by Jenny Gregory. UWA ... more Review of Seeking Wisdom: A Centenary History of Western Australia, edited by Jenny Gregory. UWA Publishing, Crawley, 2013, 488 pp.

ReCollections: A Journal of Museums and Collections, 2011

This exhibition celebrates the 350th anniversary of the Royal Society of London and the South Sea... more This exhibition celebrates the 350th anniversary of the Royal Society of London and the South Seas. However, rather than documenting the history of the society, it focuses on an assortment of artefacts that characterise the era of antipodean exploration.

Studies in Western Australian History, 2011

Review of The Historical Encyclopedia of Western Australia, edited by Jenny Gregory and Jan Gotha... more Review of The Historical Encyclopedia of Western Australia, edited by Jenny Gregory and Jan Gothard. University of Western Australia Press, Crawley, 2009, 1015 pp.

History Australia, 2010

Review of Gallipoli: The First Day, ABC 3D documentary site, Creative Director / Executive Produc... more Review of Gallipoli: The First Day, ABC 3D documentary site, Creative Director / Executive Producer: Sam Doust. Visit online: http://www.abc.net.au/innovation/gallipoli.