Olatz Zuloaga - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Olatz Zuloaga

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotikoen kutsadura ingurunean: transferentzia elikadura-katean zehar

Antibiotikoen kutsadura ingurunean: transferentzia elikadura-katean zehar

Research paper thumbnail of Nola ezagutu dezakegu gure esposoma?

Nola ezagutu dezakegu gure esposoma?

Research paper thumbnail of Effect-Directed Analysis in Hospital Effluent Waters Using A-Yes Bioassay for the Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Effect-Directed Analysis in Hospital Effluent Waters Using A-Yes Bioassay for the Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Suspect screening workflow comparison for the analysis of organic xenobiotics in environmental water samples

Suspect screening workflow comparison for the analysis of organic xenobiotics in environmental water samples

Chemosphere, Jul 1, 2021

Suspect screening techniques are able to determine a broader range of compounds than traditional ... more Suspect screening techniques are able to determine a broader range of compounds than traditional target analysis. However, the performance of the suspect techniques relies on the procedures implemented for peak annotation and for this, the list of potential candidates is clearly a limiting factor. In order to study this effect on the number of compounds annotated in environmental water samples, a method was validated in terms of absolute recoveries, limits of quantification and identification, as well as the peak picking capability of the software (Compound Discoverer 2.1) using a target list of 178 xenobiotics. Four suspect screening workflows using different suspect lists were compared: (i) the Stoffident list, (ii) all the NORMAN lists, (iii) suspects containing C, H, O, N, S, P, F or Cl in their molecular formula with more than 10 references in Chemspider and (iv) the mzCloud library. The results were compared in terms of the number of annotated compounds at each confidence level. The same 8 compounds (atenolol, caffeine, caprolactam, carbendazim, cotinine, diclofenac, propyphenazone and trimetoprim) were annotated at the highest confidence level using the four workflows. Remarkable differences were observed for lower confidence levels but only 4 features were annotated at different levels by the four workflows. While the third approach provided the highest number of annotated features, the workflow based on the mzCloud library rendered satisfactory results with a simpler approach. Finally, this latter approach was extended to the analysis of organic xenobiotics in different environmental water samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated biological response to environmentally-relevant concentration of amitriptyline in Sparus aurata

Ecological Indicators, Nov 1, 2021

Amitriptyline (AMI) is a commonly tricyclic antidepressant to treat depression, anxiety, and othe... more Amitriptyline (AMI) is a commonly tricyclic antidepressant to treat depression, anxiety, and other conditions. Like many other pharmaceuticals, AMI and its by-products are incompletely removed during wastewater treatment and therefore they are released to rivers, estuaries and coastal waters. The presence of this kind of compounds in the water environment may involve a negative impact on non-target aquatic organisms at relatively low concentrations. However, the knowledge of AMI effects on aquatic organisms in the environment is scarce. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of AMI on biological responses at biochemical and cellular levels in marine teleost. Gilt-head seabream (S. aurata) were exposed to AMI for 7 days at 0.2 μg/L in an open flow system and a battery of biomarkers were investigated: acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome C oxidase, P450 CYP1A1 ethoxyresorufin (O) dealkylation, and lysosomal biomarkers. Biomarkers were integrated as IBR/n (biological response index). Overall, it can be concluded that AMI exposure at environmentally-relevant concentration induces significant biological responses to stress in marine teleost, especially in lysosomal biomarkers. However, further research is needed about the effects of AMI and other pharmaceuticals on biomarkers in nontargeted species, to raise the knowledge about the toxicity of this type of emerging pollutants.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of the Sea Urchin Embryo Test in Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Directed Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents

Environmental Science & Technology, Jun 11, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of “Can We Trust the Food We Find at the Supermarket?” a Problem-Based Learning Approach for Teaching Chromatography

“Can We Trust the Food We Find at the Supermarket?” a Problem-Based Learning Approach for Teaching Chromatography

INTED2013 Proceedings, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: Analysis of sources and distribution, and assessment of the environmental risk

Water Research, Dec 1, 2018

Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging ... more Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: Analysis of sources Analysis of sources Analysis of sources Analysis of sources and and and and distribution distribution distribution distribution, , , , and and and and assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk

Research paper thumbnail of Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples

Bioanalysis, Sep 1, 2015

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was f... more Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Rezaee and co-workers in 2006. It allows the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes into a micro-volume of extracting solvent based on a ternary solvent system involving an aqueous phase, a nonpolar water immiscible high-density solvent that acts as extraction phase, and a disperser solvent, which is often polar and water miscible. This article presents an overview of DLLME applications in the analysis of biological samples (e.g., plasma and urine). Aside from the classical DLLME applications using high density extraction solvents, recent advances in the use of low density solvents and ionic liquids are also discussed. Although most of the applications deal with the analysis of organic target compounds, a few applications on the bioanalysis of inorganic substances are also included.

Research paper thumbnail of Open Problem Solution in Analytical Chemistry: Problem Based Learning (PBL)

Open Problem Solution in Analytical Chemistry: Problem Based Learning (PBL)

INTED2009 Proceedings, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Project Based Learning: A Case Study in Analytical Chemistry

Project Based Learning: A Case Study in Analytical Chemistry

INTED2013 Proceedings, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of El uso del blog de Moodle como herramienta auxiliar al cuaderno de laboratorio en Química Analñitica

El uso del blog de Moodle como herramienta auxiliar al cuaderno de laboratorio en Química Analñitica

En la ensenanza experimental de la Quimica Analitica, la correcta descripcion de las actividades ... more En la ensenanza experimental de la Quimica Analitica, la correcta descripcion de las actividades realizadas y de los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio es de suma importancia. Una opcion de mejora en el seguimiento del trabajo experimental consiste en la utilizacion por parte del alumno de un Blog en el que se recoge el tratamiento de los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio una vez que estos han sido adecuadamente elaborados y discutidos. Durante el curso academico 2007-2008 se ha puesto en marcha este nuevo proyecto a traves de la pagina Web de Docencia del Departamento de Quimica Analitica de la UPV/EHU mediante la plataforma Moodle (http://158.227.5.164/moodle). Este Blog es revisado y corregido on-line por el profesorado en un plazo no superior a una semana de forma que el alumno se beneficia de un proceso de retroalimentacion mediante el que puede corregir los errores detectados y senalados por el profesorado. El proceso asi llevado a cabo es mas dinamico y acorde con el paradigma de actuacion propiciado por el nuevo sistema europeo de educacion superior ya que se realiza un trabajo de mejora continua en el aprendizaje.

Research paper thumbnail of Stir-bar sorptive extraction

Stir-bar sorptive extraction

Elsevier eBooks, 2020

Abstract Stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is a solventless extraction technique, which combine... more Abstract Stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is a solventless extraction technique, which combines extraction and preconcentration onto an acceptor phase, mainly polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), of volatile and semivolatile compounds. Compared to solid phase microextraction (SPME), the main difference lies in the amount of acceptor phase, which roughly goes from 0.5 μL for SPME to 25 μL for SBSE and increases the extraction efficiency of the latter. The extraction can be performed either in the immersion (SBSE) or the headspace (HSSE) modes, and thermal and liquid desorption (TD and LD, respectively) are both possible for the desorption step. Though SBSE was originally applied to the determination of nonpolar compounds, the application field has widened to more polar or even ionic compounds with the development of new coatings or the use of derivatization. Combined with gas and liquid chromatography, SBSE has been successfully applied to determine a large variety of organic and organometallic compounds in environmental, food, and biomedical samples, in addition to passive sampling.

Research paper thumbnail of Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy

Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy

Science of The Total Environment

Research paper thumbnail of Informatics for Chemists: Basic Informatic Tools at the Grade in Chemistry

Informatics for Chemists: Basic Informatic Tools at the Grade in Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis

Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis

Analytical Methods, 2021

This review evaluates the state of the art of suspect and non-target screening techniques includi... more This review evaluates the state of the art of suspect and non-target screening techniques including sampling, sample treatment, instrumental analysis, data processing and an examination of recent applications in xenobiotics' environmental occurrence.

Research paper thumbnail of Estrogenic effects of nonylphenol and octylphenol isomers in vitro by recombinant yeast assay (RYA) and in vivo with early life stages of zebrafish

Science of The Total Environment, 2014

Studied AP isomers were able to bind ER in vitro with different affinities. • The OP isomers were... more Studied AP isomers were able to bind ER in vitro with different affinities. • The OP isomers were more estrogenic and toxic than the NP isomers studied. • Exposure to 33-OP increased erα, vtg and cyp19a2 mRNA levels in zebrafish larvae. • Exposure to 363-NP did not cause any change in transcriptional levels of studied genes. • Induction of studied genes returned to control levels after two weeks in clean water.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of limpets as monitor of PAHs pollution in the Cantabrian coast

Continental Shelf Research, 2011

The concentrations of 24 parental and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in ... more The concentrations of 24 parental and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in common limpet (Patella vulgata) were measured in 15 coastal localities of the southern Bay of Biscay and 2 sites per locality for 2 years (spring and autumn of 2004 and 2005, respectively). Although the average concentrations shown a wide variability among the sites and the season, several sites showed a remarkable high concentration (PAH tot 4900 ng g À 1 d.w.) or medium (300-800 ng g À 1 d.w) levels, but in most of the cases the initial high concentrations decreased sharply from one campaign to the following. Moreover, based on ratios of individual isomers concentration, petrogenic and pyrolitic sources were distinguished suggesting more than one source. Finally, based on the results of this work and comparing with previously reported data, it can concluded that limpets can be used as sentinel organisms in coastal environmental monitoring, even when oil spills are involved.

Research paper thumbnail of Ingurumen-kutsaduraren isla jaioberrien lehen elikagaian: substantzia arrotzen analisia ama-esnean

Ingurumen-kutsaduraren isla jaioberrien lehen elikagaian: substantzia arrotzen analisia ama-esnean

V. Ikergazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz. Kongresuko artikulu bilduma. Zientziak eta Natura Zientziak

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of three different mobile Raman microscopes employed to study deteriorated civil building stones

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Aug 1, 2008

Three different Raman spectrometers were used to analyse the original composition and the degrada... more Three different Raman spectrometers were used to analyse the original composition and the degradation products formed on natural outcrops and building materials under influences of urban and industrial pollutants and a marine environment. A Renishaw portable Raman instrument was used to check the efficiency of two ultramobile instruments for the identification of the products of decay of diverse carbonaceous stones taken from three areas located at different distances from the coast. Satisfactory results were obtained in measurements of original compounds such as quartz and calcium carbonate. Differentiation between the polymorphic forms calcite and aragonite was possible with the Renishaw RA100 and BWTEK BWS415 i-Raman instruments, the ones provided with higher spectral resolutions. Concerning the degradation products, gypsum (CaSO 4 • 2H 2 O) and amorphous carbon (soot) were detected in samples from three locations, but the most damaged stones are those of Aixerrota, which show higher amounts of both decay products, identified by the three Raman instruments, as the main agent responsible for stone decay. Some nitrate compounds were determined in a mortar sample from the location of the highest impacted environment (Aixerrota), and whewellite (CaC 2 O 4 • H 2 O) and weddellite (CaC 2 O 4 • 2H 2 O) appeared in some sandstones from Arriluze and joint mortars from Aixerrota derived from micro-organism activity. However, the ultramobile equipments were not capable of detecting the presence of nitrates and oxalates, due to high fluorescence (DeltaNu) and thermo-decomposition (BWTEK) problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotikoen kutsadura ingurunean: transferentzia elikadura-katean zehar

Antibiotikoen kutsadura ingurunean: transferentzia elikadura-katean zehar

Research paper thumbnail of Nola ezagutu dezakegu gure esposoma?

Nola ezagutu dezakegu gure esposoma?

Research paper thumbnail of Effect-Directed Analysis in Hospital Effluent Waters Using A-Yes Bioassay for the Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Effect-Directed Analysis in Hospital Effluent Waters Using A-Yes Bioassay for the Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Suspect screening workflow comparison for the analysis of organic xenobiotics in environmental water samples

Suspect screening workflow comparison for the analysis of organic xenobiotics in environmental water samples

Chemosphere, Jul 1, 2021

Suspect screening techniques are able to determine a broader range of compounds than traditional ... more Suspect screening techniques are able to determine a broader range of compounds than traditional target analysis. However, the performance of the suspect techniques relies on the procedures implemented for peak annotation and for this, the list of potential candidates is clearly a limiting factor. In order to study this effect on the number of compounds annotated in environmental water samples, a method was validated in terms of absolute recoveries, limits of quantification and identification, as well as the peak picking capability of the software (Compound Discoverer 2.1) using a target list of 178 xenobiotics. Four suspect screening workflows using different suspect lists were compared: (i) the Stoffident list, (ii) all the NORMAN lists, (iii) suspects containing C, H, O, N, S, P, F or Cl in their molecular formula with more than 10 references in Chemspider and (iv) the mzCloud library. The results were compared in terms of the number of annotated compounds at each confidence level. The same 8 compounds (atenolol, caffeine, caprolactam, carbendazim, cotinine, diclofenac, propyphenazone and trimetoprim) were annotated at the highest confidence level using the four workflows. Remarkable differences were observed for lower confidence levels but only 4 features were annotated at different levels by the four workflows. While the third approach provided the highest number of annotated features, the workflow based on the mzCloud library rendered satisfactory results with a simpler approach. Finally, this latter approach was extended to the analysis of organic xenobiotics in different environmental water samples.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated biological response to environmentally-relevant concentration of amitriptyline in Sparus aurata

Ecological Indicators, Nov 1, 2021

Amitriptyline (AMI) is a commonly tricyclic antidepressant to treat depression, anxiety, and othe... more Amitriptyline (AMI) is a commonly tricyclic antidepressant to treat depression, anxiety, and other conditions. Like many other pharmaceuticals, AMI and its by-products are incompletely removed during wastewater treatment and therefore they are released to rivers, estuaries and coastal waters. The presence of this kind of compounds in the water environment may involve a negative impact on non-target aquatic organisms at relatively low concentrations. However, the knowledge of AMI effects on aquatic organisms in the environment is scarce. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of AMI on biological responses at biochemical and cellular levels in marine teleost. Gilt-head seabream (S. aurata) were exposed to AMI for 7 days at 0.2 μg/L in an open flow system and a battery of biomarkers were investigated: acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome C oxidase, P450 CYP1A1 ethoxyresorufin (O) dealkylation, and lysosomal biomarkers. Biomarkers were integrated as IBR/n (biological response index). Overall, it can be concluded that AMI exposure at environmentally-relevant concentration induces significant biological responses to stress in marine teleost, especially in lysosomal biomarkers. However, further research is needed about the effects of AMI and other pharmaceuticals on biomarkers in nontargeted species, to raise the knowledge about the toxicity of this type of emerging pollutants.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of the Sea Urchin Embryo Test in Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Directed Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents

Environmental Science & Technology, Jun 11, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of “Can We Trust the Food We Find at the Supermarket?” a Problem-Based Learning Approach for Teaching Chromatography

“Can We Trust the Food We Find at the Supermarket?” a Problem-Based Learning Approach for Teaching Chromatography

INTED2013 Proceedings, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: Analysis of sources and distribution, and assessment of the environmental risk

Water Research, Dec 1, 2018

Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging ... more Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: estuaries of the Basque Country: Analysis of sources Analysis of sources Analysis of sources Analysis of sources and and and and distribution distribution distribution distribution, , , , and and and and assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk assessment of the environmental risk

Research paper thumbnail of Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples

Bioanalysis, Sep 1, 2015

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was f... more Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Rezaee and co-workers in 2006. It allows the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes into a micro-volume of extracting solvent based on a ternary solvent system involving an aqueous phase, a nonpolar water immiscible high-density solvent that acts as extraction phase, and a disperser solvent, which is often polar and water miscible. This article presents an overview of DLLME applications in the analysis of biological samples (e.g., plasma and urine). Aside from the classical DLLME applications using high density extraction solvents, recent advances in the use of low density solvents and ionic liquids are also discussed. Although most of the applications deal with the analysis of organic target compounds, a few applications on the bioanalysis of inorganic substances are also included.

Research paper thumbnail of Open Problem Solution in Analytical Chemistry: Problem Based Learning (PBL)

Open Problem Solution in Analytical Chemistry: Problem Based Learning (PBL)

INTED2009 Proceedings, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Project Based Learning: A Case Study in Analytical Chemistry

Project Based Learning: A Case Study in Analytical Chemistry

INTED2013 Proceedings, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of El uso del blog de Moodle como herramienta auxiliar al cuaderno de laboratorio en Química Analñitica

El uso del blog de Moodle como herramienta auxiliar al cuaderno de laboratorio en Química Analñitica

En la ensenanza experimental de la Quimica Analitica, la correcta descripcion de las actividades ... more En la ensenanza experimental de la Quimica Analitica, la correcta descripcion de las actividades realizadas y de los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio es de suma importancia. Una opcion de mejora en el seguimiento del trabajo experimental consiste en la utilizacion por parte del alumno de un Blog en el que se recoge el tratamiento de los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio una vez que estos han sido adecuadamente elaborados y discutidos. Durante el curso academico 2007-2008 se ha puesto en marcha este nuevo proyecto a traves de la pagina Web de Docencia del Departamento de Quimica Analitica de la UPV/EHU mediante la plataforma Moodle (http://158.227.5.164/moodle). Este Blog es revisado y corregido on-line por el profesorado en un plazo no superior a una semana de forma que el alumno se beneficia de un proceso de retroalimentacion mediante el que puede corregir los errores detectados y senalados por el profesorado. El proceso asi llevado a cabo es mas dinamico y acorde con el paradigma de actuacion propiciado por el nuevo sistema europeo de educacion superior ya que se realiza un trabajo de mejora continua en el aprendizaje.

Research paper thumbnail of Stir-bar sorptive extraction

Stir-bar sorptive extraction

Elsevier eBooks, 2020

Abstract Stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is a solventless extraction technique, which combine... more Abstract Stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is a solventless extraction technique, which combines extraction and preconcentration onto an acceptor phase, mainly polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), of volatile and semivolatile compounds. Compared to solid phase microextraction (SPME), the main difference lies in the amount of acceptor phase, which roughly goes from 0.5 μL for SPME to 25 μL for SBSE and increases the extraction efficiency of the latter. The extraction can be performed either in the immersion (SBSE) or the headspace (HSSE) modes, and thermal and liquid desorption (TD and LD, respectively) are both possible for the desorption step. Though SBSE was originally applied to the determination of nonpolar compounds, the application field has widened to more polar or even ionic compounds with the development of new coatings or the use of derivatization. Combined with gas and liquid chromatography, SBSE has been successfully applied to determine a large variety of organic and organometallic compounds in environmental, food, and biomedical samples, in addition to passive sampling.

Research paper thumbnail of Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy

Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy

Science of The Total Environment

Research paper thumbnail of Informatics for Chemists: Basic Informatic Tools at the Grade in Chemistry

Informatics for Chemists: Basic Informatic Tools at the Grade in Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis

Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis

Analytical Methods, 2021

This review evaluates the state of the art of suspect and non-target screening techniques includi... more This review evaluates the state of the art of suspect and non-target screening techniques including sampling, sample treatment, instrumental analysis, data processing and an examination of recent applications in xenobiotics' environmental occurrence.

Research paper thumbnail of Estrogenic effects of nonylphenol and octylphenol isomers in vitro by recombinant yeast assay (RYA) and in vivo with early life stages of zebrafish

Science of The Total Environment, 2014

Studied AP isomers were able to bind ER in vitro with different affinities. • The OP isomers were... more Studied AP isomers were able to bind ER in vitro with different affinities. • The OP isomers were more estrogenic and toxic than the NP isomers studied. • Exposure to 33-OP increased erα, vtg and cyp19a2 mRNA levels in zebrafish larvae. • Exposure to 363-NP did not cause any change in transcriptional levels of studied genes. • Induction of studied genes returned to control levels after two weeks in clean water.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of limpets as monitor of PAHs pollution in the Cantabrian coast

Continental Shelf Research, 2011

The concentrations of 24 parental and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in ... more The concentrations of 24 parental and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in common limpet (Patella vulgata) were measured in 15 coastal localities of the southern Bay of Biscay and 2 sites per locality for 2 years (spring and autumn of 2004 and 2005, respectively). Although the average concentrations shown a wide variability among the sites and the season, several sites showed a remarkable high concentration (PAH tot 4900 ng g À 1 d.w.) or medium (300-800 ng g À 1 d.w) levels, but in most of the cases the initial high concentrations decreased sharply from one campaign to the following. Moreover, based on ratios of individual isomers concentration, petrogenic and pyrolitic sources were distinguished suggesting more than one source. Finally, based on the results of this work and comparing with previously reported data, it can concluded that limpets can be used as sentinel organisms in coastal environmental monitoring, even when oil spills are involved.

Research paper thumbnail of Ingurumen-kutsaduraren isla jaioberrien lehen elikagaian: substantzia arrotzen analisia ama-esnean

Ingurumen-kutsaduraren isla jaioberrien lehen elikagaian: substantzia arrotzen analisia ama-esnean

V. Ikergazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz. Kongresuko artikulu bilduma. Zientziak eta Natura Zientziak

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of three different mobile Raman microscopes employed to study deteriorated civil building stones

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Aug 1, 2008

Three different Raman spectrometers were used to analyse the original composition and the degrada... more Three different Raman spectrometers were used to analyse the original composition and the degradation products formed on natural outcrops and building materials under influences of urban and industrial pollutants and a marine environment. A Renishaw portable Raman instrument was used to check the efficiency of two ultramobile instruments for the identification of the products of decay of diverse carbonaceous stones taken from three areas located at different distances from the coast. Satisfactory results were obtained in measurements of original compounds such as quartz and calcium carbonate. Differentiation between the polymorphic forms calcite and aragonite was possible with the Renishaw RA100 and BWTEK BWS415 i-Raman instruments, the ones provided with higher spectral resolutions. Concerning the degradation products, gypsum (CaSO 4 • 2H 2 O) and amorphous carbon (soot) were detected in samples from three locations, but the most damaged stones are those of Aixerrota, which show higher amounts of both decay products, identified by the three Raman instruments, as the main agent responsible for stone decay. Some nitrate compounds were determined in a mortar sample from the location of the highest impacted environment (Aixerrota), and whewellite (CaC 2 O 4 • H 2 O) and weddellite (CaC 2 O 4 • 2H 2 O) appeared in some sandstones from Arriluze and joint mortars from Aixerrota derived from micro-organism activity. However, the ultramobile equipments were not capable of detecting the presence of nitrates and oxalates, due to high fluorescence (DeltaNu) and thermo-decomposition (BWTEK) problems.