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意味・対訳 アクラシアまたはアクラシアー（古代ギリシア語: ἀκρασία、英語: akrasia / acrasia）とは、古代ギリシア語で「自制心のなさ」「意志の弱さ」「悪い行為だと自覚しているのに手を染めてしまう心の傾向」を意味する単語。

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akrasia

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akrasia

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/08/21 16:23 UTC 版)

語源

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κρᾰσῐ́ᾱ (ăkrăsĭ́ā), a variant of ᾰ̓κρᾰ́τειᾰ (ăkrắteiă, “lack of power, debility, impotence; lack of self-control, incontinence; self-indulgence”), from ἀκρατής (akratḗs, “having no authority, powerless; unable to exercise self-control, incontinent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀκρατής (Akratḗs) is derived from ᾰ̓- (ă-, prefix forming terms having a sense opposite to the stems or words to which it is attached) + κρᾰ́τος (krắtos, “might, strength; dominion, power”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“insight, intelligence; strength”)) + -ής (-ḗs, suffix forming third-declension adjectives). Doublet of acratia.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈkɹeɪ.zɪ.ə/, /-kɹæ-/
• (General American) IPA: /əˈkɹeɪ.zi.ə/
• Homophone: acrasia
• ハイフネーション: akras‧ia

名詞

akrasia (countable and uncountable, plural akrasias)

1. (philosophy, uncountable) Lack of physical or (especially) mental strength; poor willpower; also, the tendency to act contrary to one's better judgment; (countable) an instance of this.
   • 1995, T[imothy] D[avid] J[ohn] Chappell, “The Varieties of Akrasia”, in Aristotle and Augustine on Freedom: Two Theories of Freedom, Voluntary Action and Akrasia, London: Palgrave Macmillan, published 1998, →DOI, →ISBN, part I (Aristotle), page 98:
   • 1995, A[nthony] W[illiam] Price, “Plato”, in Mental Conflict (Issues in Ancient Philosophy), London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 92:
     I earlier […] introduced a notion of ‘hard **acrasia**’, that is, of a conscious failure to live up to what I judge to be best in what I desire most, choose, and do. We need to distinguish this from ‘soft **acrasia**’: in cases of soft acrasia, the agent’s perception is dimmed and his judgement deflected, so that he acts in a way that he would not have chosen in a cool hour, with judgement and perception unimpaired, and yet not with conscious contrariety to an occurrent choice, in cases of hard acrasia, his perception is clear, his judgement unequivocal—and yet, out of weakness, he acts otherwise.
   • 1995, Gregory Vlastos, “Socrates on _Acrasia_”, in Daniel W. Graham, editor, Studies in Greek Philosophy, volumes II (Socrates, Plato, and Their Tradition), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Socrates), page 50:
   • 1999, Edward Halper, “The Unity of the Virtues in Aristotle”, in David Sedley, editor, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, volume XVII, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 130:
   • 2012, Laurence J. Kirmayer, Ian Gold, “Re-socializing Psychiatry: Critical Neuroscience and the Limits of Reductionism”, in Suparna Choudhury, Jan Slaby, editors, Critical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, part V (Beyond Neural Correlates: Ecological Approaches to Psychiatry), page 316:

派生語

• akratic (acratic)
• akratically (acratically)

参照

1. ↑ “akrasia, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “akrasia, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

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