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Papers by Zsolt Szabó
The political environment in contemporary Egypt can be called fragile at the moment. The regional... more The political environment in contemporary Egypt can be called fragile at the moment. The regionally and historically important country of the North African region is defined today by social, economic, religional and security issues that originated in the so called "Arab Spring". The still ongoing demonstrations that started in 2011 created major shifts in the government and produced significant unity among the civilians, but it also caused atrocities between parties, the military, islamists, civil organizations and religions. In this article, I would like to conclude that at the beginning, the rallies were of democratic nature, then they took an islamist turn, as the Muslim Brotherhood2 (MB) grabbed the opportunity during the movement, but finally the army and general Abdel Fattah el-Sisi took over the Brotherhood's weakened political rule, and established repressive measures to ensure its power. I will try to assess the question from both regional and international si...
Article, 2023
The article aims to present a general outlook of the ongoing peacekeeping operations of the most ... more The article aims to present a general outlook of the ongoing peacekeeping operations of the most important international, European and African military and civilian organizations. Peacekeeping has become very important after the independence of African countries because of the continuous conflicts that devastate the war-torn continent. The establishments taking part in this effort include the United Nations, NATO, the European Union and the African Union. After giving a general picture of the nature of the peacekeeping operations, the article goes on one by one each of the organizations to describe their role and participation in the recent peacekeeping activities that characterize the world's landscape now. In the end, the author assesses the situation, gives a comprehensive conclusion and provides some future aspects that he thinks will be probable in the forthcoming years regarding peacekeeping attitudes.
The History of the Darfur Conflict and Its Recent Developments, 2021
The present article describes the situation unfolding in Darfur, West Sudan, where a conflict has... more The present article describes the situation unfolding in Darfur, West Sudan, where a conflict has been taking place since 2003. The author tries to examine all aspects of the crisis and the history of the problem. Beginning with the geography and the historical introduction of the issue, the text continues with the enumeration of the events that have unfolded in the region, beginning with 2003 up until the 2010s. Then the author reflects on the international peacekeeping mission established in the area (UNAMID), which was active between 2007-2020. The article goes on to describe the role of the Hungarian peacekeeping in the operation, and it concludes with the listing of the tasks that the peacekeepers had to accomplish on a short notice. After that, it explains the subsequent events that happened after the end of the 2000s. Detailing the most important factors which contributed to the ill-fated decade, it takes into consideration the features of the conflict that has formed in the 2010s. At the end, the author writes about the latest events that happened in the region including a failed coup attempt on the actual leadership of the country. Finally, he concludes the events end expresses his views about future expectations.
ABSZTRAKT A modernkori Egyiptom jelenlegi politikai légkörét törékenynek lehetne nevezeni. A regi... more ABSZTRAKT A modernkori Egyiptom jelenlegi politikai légkörét törékenynek lehetne nevezeni. A regionálisan és történemileg is fontos észak-afrikai régiót ma tár-sadalmi, gazdasági és biztonságpolitikai kérdések határozzák meg, amelyek az úgynevezett "Arab Tavaszban" gyökereznek. A 2011-ben jelenleg is zajló tü-ntetések, amelyek 2011-ben komoly változásokat kreáltak a kormányban és igazi egységet hoztak létre a civil lakosságban, azonban atrocitásokat is szültek a pártokban, a katonaságnál, a polgárok között, a civil szervezetek és a vallások között. Alábbi tanulmányomban azt szeretném kifejteni, hogy a tüntetések eleinte demokratikus jellegűek voltak, majd iszlamista irányt vettek, ahogy a történések alatt a Muszlim Testvériség (MT) élt az adódó lehetőséggel, azon-ban végül a hadsereg tábornoka, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi átvette a hatalmat a Testvériség meggyengült uralma felett, és represszív intézkedéseket vezettek be, hogy megerősítsék vezető szerpüket. Írásomban igyekszem mind re-gionális, mind nemzetközi szempontból áttekiteni a helyzetet, mivel Egyiptom fontos ország a világ nagyhatalmai számára, amelyek szeretnék bebiztosítani érdekeiket a régióban.
Book Reviews by Zsolt Szabó
A review of: “The Rwandan Patriotic Front 1990-1994” by Adrien Fontanellaz and Tom Cooper, 2021
A Review of: “Why Europe Intervenes in Africa? Security, Prestige, and the Legacy of Colonialism” by Catherine Gegout, 2022
The political environment in contemporary Egypt can be called fragile at the moment. The regional... more The political environment in contemporary Egypt can be called fragile at the moment. The regionally and historically important country of the North African region is defined today by social, economic, religional and security issues that originated in the so called "Arab Spring". The still ongoing demonstrations that started in 2011 created major shifts in the government and produced significant unity among the civilians, but it also caused atrocities between parties, the military, islamists, civil organizations and religions. In this article, I would like to conclude that at the beginning, the rallies were of democratic nature, then they took an islamist turn, as the Muslim Brotherhood2 (MB) grabbed the opportunity during the movement, but finally the army and general Abdel Fattah el-Sisi took over the Brotherhood's weakened political rule, and established repressive measures to ensure its power. I will try to assess the question from both regional and international si...
Article, 2023
The article aims to present a general outlook of the ongoing peacekeeping operations of the most ... more The article aims to present a general outlook of the ongoing peacekeeping operations of the most important international, European and African military and civilian organizations. Peacekeeping has become very important after the independence of African countries because of the continuous conflicts that devastate the war-torn continent. The establishments taking part in this effort include the United Nations, NATO, the European Union and the African Union. After giving a general picture of the nature of the peacekeeping operations, the article goes on one by one each of the organizations to describe their role and participation in the recent peacekeeping activities that characterize the world's landscape now. In the end, the author assesses the situation, gives a comprehensive conclusion and provides some future aspects that he thinks will be probable in the forthcoming years regarding peacekeeping attitudes.
The History of the Darfur Conflict and Its Recent Developments, 2021
The present article describes the situation unfolding in Darfur, West Sudan, where a conflict has... more The present article describes the situation unfolding in Darfur, West Sudan, where a conflict has been taking place since 2003. The author tries to examine all aspects of the crisis and the history of the problem. Beginning with the geography and the historical introduction of the issue, the text continues with the enumeration of the events that have unfolded in the region, beginning with 2003 up until the 2010s. Then the author reflects on the international peacekeeping mission established in the area (UNAMID), which was active between 2007-2020. The article goes on to describe the role of the Hungarian peacekeeping in the operation, and it concludes with the listing of the tasks that the peacekeepers had to accomplish on a short notice. After that, it explains the subsequent events that happened after the end of the 2000s. Detailing the most important factors which contributed to the ill-fated decade, it takes into consideration the features of the conflict that has formed in the 2010s. At the end, the author writes about the latest events that happened in the region including a failed coup attempt on the actual leadership of the country. Finally, he concludes the events end expresses his views about future expectations.
ABSZTRAKT A modernkori Egyiptom jelenlegi politikai légkörét törékenynek lehetne nevezeni. A regi... more ABSZTRAKT A modernkori Egyiptom jelenlegi politikai légkörét törékenynek lehetne nevezeni. A regionálisan és történemileg is fontos észak-afrikai régiót ma tár-sadalmi, gazdasági és biztonságpolitikai kérdések határozzák meg, amelyek az úgynevezett "Arab Tavaszban" gyökereznek. A 2011-ben jelenleg is zajló tü-ntetések, amelyek 2011-ben komoly változásokat kreáltak a kormányban és igazi egységet hoztak létre a civil lakosságban, azonban atrocitásokat is szültek a pártokban, a katonaságnál, a polgárok között, a civil szervezetek és a vallások között. Alábbi tanulmányomban azt szeretném kifejteni, hogy a tüntetések eleinte demokratikus jellegűek voltak, majd iszlamista irányt vettek, ahogy a történések alatt a Muszlim Testvériség (MT) élt az adódó lehetőséggel, azon-ban végül a hadsereg tábornoka, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi átvette a hatalmat a Testvériség meggyengült uralma felett, és represszív intézkedéseket vezettek be, hogy megerősítsék vezető szerpüket. Írásomban igyekszem mind re-gionális, mind nemzetközi szempontból áttekiteni a helyzetet, mivel Egyiptom fontos ország a világ nagyhatalmai számára, amelyek szeretnék bebiztosítani érdekeiket a régióban.
A review of: “The Rwandan Patriotic Front 1990-1994” by Adrien Fontanellaz and Tom Cooper, 2021
A Review of: “Why Europe Intervenes in Africa? Security, Prestige, and the Legacy of Colonialism” by Catherine Gegout, 2022