Kinga Petervari | Eötvös Loránd University Budapest (original) (raw)

Papers by Kinga Petervari

Acta Sociologica, 2020

There was a well-expressed dissatisfaction among social scientists in the 1990s over the claim th... more There was a well-expressed dissatisfaction among social scientists in the 1990s over the claim that "East European Social Science was colonized" after the fall of Communism (Replika, 1996, pp. 3-155). This allegation is supposed to be evidenced by (a) research topics in East-Central Europe, (b) how research was financed by Western (mainly American) funds, and (c) the fact that Western scientists often led research projects with their Eastern colleagues serving primarily as informants regardless of their reputation in their home country. There are a lot of explanations for this tension, including Marxist theory, dependency theory, market theory, inspiration of cooperation theory, rhetoric dimensions theory, as well as counterism theory, or the proposal of focusing on paradigm-based sociology instead of a problem-based one. Victor Karády and Péter Tibor Nagy address this issue from the opposite end in Sociology in Hungary, recently published in the 'Sociology Transformed' series, edited by John Holmwood and Stephen Turner. The authors' inquiry into the history of Hungarian sociology begins with the question of how to explain the fact that in the discipline's founding period there was a temporal parallelism with the West (p. vi). In fact, Sociology in Hungary focuses mostly on "the conditions under which an equivalent to the most modern contemporary Western scholarly ventures appeared, developed and achieved. .. considerable public impact in a country known for its relative economic and social under-development, due to the widespread survival of social relations inherited from feudalism" and secondly, on the origins of "an ideologically and professionally creative intelligentsia, endowed-much as in France or Germany-with the intellectual tools as well as the autonomy indispensable for the construction of a sociological discipline with local/national roots and occupation" (p. vi). Thus, the quest starts with the birth of a positivist science in the 19 th century. The book lays out the road taken by the social sciences, and sociology in particular, in light of the history of liberalism in Hungary. The authors paint an intriguing pattern. Although, at the very beginning-in the 19 th century-national liberalism could well mean both patriotism and progress, this clearly changed during the constitutional crisis of 1905, when patriotism got separated from progress. The former was advocated mainly by conservative Catholics (then in opposition), "the remains of the ruling liberal establishment pursuing more intransigent nationalist policies" and the "committed clientele in the urban (mostly Jewish) bourgeoisie" (p. 19). Progress remained the core issue for the liberals drifting more and more to the left, even to socialism and communism. The liberal atmosphere of Austria-Hungary let principal journals and clubs flourish, as opposed to the conservative Catholic regime between the world wars, a period of decline for Hungarian sociology. The same scenario played out again when during the few liberal years after 1945 the revival of sociology became palpable, until it was Acta Sociologica 1-2 ª The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions journals.sagepub.com/home/asj

Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences

Despite many regulatory changes there are still no sound reorganisation possibilities for financi... more Despite many regulatory changes there are still no sound reorganisation possibilities for financially distressed companies in Hungary. The current crisis of 2020 due to the pandemic is going to trigger mass liquidations especially there where the bankruptcy rules are ineffective. There is no efficient risk and resource allocation if there is no reasoning and the financial and economic criteria necessary for a proper bankruptcy management are not taken into consideration in the reorganisation procedure. This article is based on primary research conducted in 2014 and a further analysis of the problem published in the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics in 2020 (Pálinkó and Pétervári, 2020). The conclusion is that the financial variables are seemingly irrelevant in decision-making. The bankruptcy procedure has become a useful tactic for the owner-management to keep their position and protected status for as long as possible even at the expense of the divergent creditors. There i...

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2019

There has been a long way from the paper-based registration systems to the electronic registratio... more There has been a long way from the paper-based registration systems to the electronic registration platforms in the business registration models of both for-profit and non-profit organisations in the market. The company register is not only a dominant form of registration for the legal entities (organisations), it is also a crucial business factor in the economy for the commercial participants. Major challenges in the development of modern registers may be categorised as follows: enforcement of market transparency, wide application of various possibilities imminent in the electronic schemes, guarantee of an as broad access to the market as possible (enhancement of the simplest possible way to enter the market) and the follow up of the new regional trends in the integration challenges of the EU (endeavour for harmonisation and integration or linking of the company registers). Notwithstanding these efforts, there is quite a difference among the models of the commercial registers in the EU Member States. The following article demonstrates the still existing diversification in the EU Member States by showing certain selected legal models of company registers. In analysing these divergent models, the authors wish to study and posit the Hungarian model as well within the context of the EU.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Autonomous vehicles trigger lots of legal problems. Whether this challenge, however, adds up to a... more Autonomous vehicles trigger lots of legal problems. Whether this challenge, however, adds up to a paradigm shift in legal thinking is to be analysed further. As robotics develop globally, the legal institutions need to keep pace with it, because business risk, such as liability, has to be reasonably calculable for investors. Due to the expansive applicability of robotics, the relevant legal questions are manifold. The law faces applicatory as well as regulatory challenges. What is the standard for an autonomous vehicle? What should be the safety standards in driverless cars? How many bugs are to be acceptable in a software in case of a car crash? Who should be liable for an autonomous vehicle when it follows the rule and when it does not? How to tame the regulation by design to be more like a rule of law? This paper focuses on pragmatic problems and solutions and new regulatory models, like regulation by communication. It also introduces the concept of stealthy technologies, the meaning of which is that no matter what the rule is innovative technologies are going to be overwhelmingly widespread. 2 1234567890''""

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2019

Bankruptcies carry important information for the market. Bankruptcy rules in crisis become even m... more Bankruptcies carry important information for the market. Bankruptcy rules in crisis become even more relevant since the reason of insolvency then is often not caused by the company's failure or inefficiency, but by external impacts like chain debts or the loosing of markets. So it happened in 2008 too. The balancing in the bankruptcy rules in these cases should be designed to guarantee the return of the expectations developed by the interested parties-debtors and creditors-at the time of the investment. This is the way to protect the trust of the participants in the financial markets and in the businesses. Despite many amendments the efficiency of these bankruptcy rules in Hungary, however, is not very promising. The country is ranked in the 24th place out of the 28 Member States in the EU in a World Bank survey in 2018, in which the efficiency of the solutions to the problem of insolvency was compared. This study summarizes the results of a primary research which investigated that, although the Hungarian rules are seemingly in line with the international and regional standards and the EU regulations in reorganization matters, why is there, however, no such efficient capital allocation as it should be expected by the investors and would be necessary to reinforce the trust in the market. The main statement of the article is that the Hungarian bankruptcy rules fail to promote the efficient capital allocation because the stakeholders have no information or are not interested-for the costs may be too high-in those financial data or parameters, which are necessary for a deliberated settlement in a bankruptcy procedure.

Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 2017

This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financ... more This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financial-legal culture.How to apply those terms and conditions in long-term loan agreements in financial crisis, which are favourable or seemingly irrelevant in good times but turn out to be disadvantageous, sometimes even disastrous in bad times. How to calculate and allocate risks, what is acceptable and what is foreseeable to laymen? The focus here is on the laymen attitudes towards long-term contractual obligations and performances in the global financial crisis: whether debtors’ contractual obligations must be fulfilled, what should be construed as an excuse for non-performance, whether there should be measures designed to protect the debtors more, if yes, at whose expense – the creditors (rather preventive measures) or the taxpayers (rather restitutive measures) –, if no, how to allocate ideally the risks and liabilities, is profit-making an evil per se, that needs to be managed?

Bibliography of Law and Economics, 1992

This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financ... more This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financial-legal culture. How to apply those terms and conditions in long-term loan agreements in financial crisis, which are favourable or seemingly irrelevant in good times but turn out to be disadvantageous , sometimes even disastrous in bad times. How to calculate and allocate risks, what is acceptable and what is foreseeable to laymen? The focus here is on the laymen attitudes towards long-term contractual obligations and performances in the global financial crisis: whether debtors' contractual obligations must be fulfilled, what should be construed as an excuse for non-performance , whether there should be measures designed to protect the debtors more, if yes, at whose expense – the creditors (rather preventive measures) or the taxpayers (rather restitutive measures) –, if no, how to allocate ideally the risks and liabilities, is profit-making an evil per se, that needs to be managed?

Az ígéret -a Ptk. és az állam Ősi eredetű, hogy az ígéret kötelez és hogy az ígéret elfogadása ek... more Az ígéret -a Ptk. és az állam Ősi eredetű, hogy az ígéret kötelez és hogy az ígéret elfogadása ekként kötelmet, szerződést keletkeztet. Noha nyilvánvaló, hogy a szerződések morális alapjának egyéb tanai és elméletei is vannak (ld. akarat teóriák, gazdasági racionalitási, költségtelepítői, szimbólikus csere elméletek), itt nem foglalkoznék velük. A szerződés eredendő fogalmi eleme az ígéret, mai Ptk-val szólva: az ajánlat. Lehet, hogy jogpolitikai okokból nem minden ígéret keletkeztet jogilag kikényszeríthető kötelmet, de azok oly kivételek, amelyek inkább erősítik a szabályt (ld. a semmis szerződések).

Acta Sociologica, 2020

Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2019

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2019

Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 2017

Bibliography of Law and Economics, 1992

This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financ... more This article is a case study, providing a possible interpretation of the current Hungarian financial-legal culture. How to apply those terms and conditions in long-term loan agreements in financial crisis, which are favourable or seemingly irrelevant in good times but turn out to be disadvantageous , sometimes even disastrous in bad times. How to calculate and allocate risks, what is acceptable and what is foreseeable to laymen? The focus here is on the laymen attitudes towards long-term contractual obligations and performances in the global financial crisis: whether debtors' contractual obligations must be fulfilled, what should be construed as an excuse for non-performance , whether there should be measures designed to protect the debtors more, if yes, at whose expense – the creditors (rather preventive measures) or the taxpayers (rather restitutive measures) –, if no, how to allocate ideally the risks and liabilities, is profit-making an evil per se, that needs to be managed?

first generation rights and the rule of law in Hungary, 2019

The following analysis is about a unique, out-dragged, henceforth unsolved legal bargaining betwe... more The following analysis is about a unique, out-dragged, henceforth unsolved legal bargaining between small churches and the parliament in Hungary. Is the majority principle based on firm enough grounds so that to differentiate among religions? Why should the ruling majority be required to take into consideration religious groups that are marginal, or that they dislike, on an equality basis while distributing public funds? This paper suggests that the conceptual critique of the new deliberately differentiating, illiberal, Church law of 2011 is that it allows unhinged exclusive and arbitrary decision-making for the legislation. Although majority principle should be the essence of democracy, its unconstrained version creates such anomalies in the democratic institutions which could well be survived but would alter the system into a non-democratic regime. First generation fundamental rights are therefore to be protected not by the democratic institutions even in a democracy but by the rule of law (liberalism). keywords: <liberal democracy v. illiberal democracy, freedom of religion, neutrality of state, secularization, public funding of churches, acquired rights>

Közpénzek - magánpénzek avagy a számvevőszéki ellenőrzése alkotmányjogi problémái, 2004

When do we speak about public monies or state budget? Where, or when, could we draw the borderlin... more When do we speak about public monies or state budget? Where, or when, could we draw the borderline between public monies and private monies? How could we effectively control the spending of the public monies? To answer these questions from a legal point of view we have to define the legal nature of the public monies, the budgetary law, the appropriations, and evaluate the public law controls, e.g. separation of powers, checks and balances and the prerogatives of the legislation.......

Verebics János legnagyobb születésnapi ajándékát kétségtelenül magamagától kapta. Nyilván lelki a... more Verebics János legnagyobb születésnapi ajándékát kétségtelenül magamagától kapta. Nyilván lelki alkat függvénye, de aligha lehet valakinek nagyobb kincse, mint saját szellemi szüleménye . Gazdaságirányítás, polgári jogi kodifikáció, vállalati szerződések (Adalékok a magyar gazdasági jog 1945-1981 közötti fejlődéstörténetéhez)
A dolgozat azonban, mint a címe sugallaná, mintha keresztbefeküdne több jogágon: gazdasági jogi? polgári jogi? jogtörténeti? mű-e ez. És a cím, jogászi akkurátussággal, valóban lefedi a mű tartalmát.
Maga az írás az igazságügyminisztérium által pár évvel ezelőtt nyilvánosságrahozott háború utáni kodifikációs anyagok tudományos feldolgozásából ered , de ettől sokkal több is. Most eltekintve a hatalmas dokumentumanyag feldolgozásától és eddig a korszakról szóló talán egyik legeredetibb bemutatásától, a mű valójában a szerződések – bizonyos szerződések – elméletét kísérli meg ezen időszakban a változó szocialista körülmények között megfogalmazni, retrospektíve. És a lényeg ezen a retrospektív szemléleten alapszik. Mert kérdés, hogy ettől a mű történeti, jogtörténeti jellegű lesz-e avagy mondhatni-e, hogy e szerződések elméletéről nem is lehetne értekezni eme történeti szemléletű megközelítés nélkül.
Az elkövetkezőkben amellett szeretnék érvelni, hogy a jogtörténet bizonyos szempontból egyáltalán nem különül el a klasszikus jogágaktól (mégha külön tanszéken tanítják is), és hogy Verebics könyve valóban az adott szerződések értelmezéséről szól a szocialista jogrendszer egy meghatározott idejében, amelyet nem lehet kontextus nélkül megérteni, így a történetiség szükséges része a jogintézmény elemzésének. Érveimet 3 szempont köré csoportosítanám:
1. egy általános történettudományi szempont
2. egy jogtörténeti szempont és
3. egy filozófiai hermeneutikai/jogértelmezési szempont köré.