The Diet: The Estates and the Parliament of Hungary, 1708–1792 (original) (raw)
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2015
Introductory considerations Our approach aims to shed light on the evolution of the Transylvanian constitution and constitutionalism after the incorporation of the Principality of Transylvania within the administrative structures of the Habsburg Empire, the upper chronological limit being the provisions the Diet issued in 1791. In order to achieve this goal, we intend to examine all the aspects that contributed decisively to shaping the constitutional realities in the Principality, focusing in particular on the institutional and legislative role of the Diet, as a representative authority for the nobility in its relationship with the Habsburg sovereigns. The conquest of Transylvania by the Habsburgs gradually brought about major changes as regards the law-making institutions, and some of these changes were made with the direct involvement of the Diet. The central aspect on which we shall dwell and which, in our opinion, was the quintessence of the entire legislative process unfolding...
2019
The main and most spectacular scene of the political battles of the Hungarian reform era was thus the bicameral Diet, where, with some simplification, the conservative governing party and the ever-growing reform opposition clashed. There is agreement in the Hungarian special literature that the Habsburg government has been able to exert a greater influence on the Upper Chamber and use them to defend absolutism and to halt progress, but so far historical research has focused primarily on the Lower Chamber, off where the law initiatives were started. This study attempts to show who at all, how many of them and by what political proportions, participated in the Upper Chamber of the Hungarian Diet, and how effectively they could fulfill the role assigned to them by the government.
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2014
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With or without Estates? : Governorship in Hungary in the Eighteenth Century
2021
In the eighteenth century, the Hungarian estates had the greatest influence among the estates of the provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy. The main representative of the estates was the palatine, appointed by the monarch but elected by the estates at the Diet. He performed substantial judicial, administrative, financial, and military tasks in the Kingdom of Hungary. After 1526, the Habsburg sovereigns opted to rule the country on several occasions through governors who were appointed precisely because of the broad influence of the palatine. In this essay, I examine the reasons why the politically strong Hungarian estates in the eighteenth century accepted the appointment of governors instead of a palatine. I also consider what the rights and duties of these governors were, the extent to which these rights and duties differed from those of the palatine, and what changes they went through in the early modern period. I show how the idea and practice of appointing archdukes as governors o...