Nikos Giannakopoulos | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (original) (raw)

Papers by Nikos Giannakopoulos

Research paper thumbnail of Private Associations or Public Bodies? The Gerousiai of the Greek Cities in the Imperial Period

Classica et Mediaevalia, Feb 5, 2024

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities... more The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Research paper thumbnail of PRIVATE ASSOCIATIONS OR PUBLIC BODIES? THE GEROUSIAI OF THE GREEK CITIES IN THE IMPERIAL PERIOD

Classica et Mediaevalia , 2024

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities... more The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Research paper thumbnail of Condemning the Athenian Past, Rejecting the Athenian Present

'The Eyesore of Aigina', 2016

this paper examines the criticism that Greek writers of the Imperial Period addressed against 5th... more this paper examines the criticism that Greek writers of the Imperial Period addressed against 5th-century BC Athenian hegemony and contemprary Roman Athens

Research paper thumbnail of Euboian Unity in the 2nd Century BCE and the Chalkidian Embassy at Amarynthos: The Limits of Roman-Sponsored Greek Federalism

Ethnos and Koinon: studies in ancient Greek ethnicity and federalism, 2019, ISBN 978-3-515-12217-7, págs. 113-130, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of The Greek Presence in the Roman Colonies of Kassandreia and Pella

L’héritage grec des colonies romaines d’Orient, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of I. Knidos 34: Attacks against Houses Motivated by Interpersonal Differences in the Imperial Period

Research paper thumbnail of Decrees Awarding Offices for Life and by Hereditary Right as Honours

The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire, 2017

The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire studies the honorific habits in th... more The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire studies the honorific habits in the later Greek city, and in particular the honorific inscriptions that were set up for citizens, magistrates and (foreign) benefactors.

Research paper thumbnail of Chalcidian Politicians and Rome Between 208 and 168 BC

Classica Et Mediaevalia, 2009

This paper examines the emergence of a Chalcidian political group orientated towards Rome during... more This paper examines the emergence of a Chalcidian political group orientated towards Rome during and right after the Second Macedonian War and its subsequent political discourse and use of the concept of Roman Fides.

Research paper thumbnail of The Gerousia of Akmonia

Gephyra, Mar 9, 2013

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the institution of the Gerousia provi... more The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the institution of the Gerousia provided by three inscriptions from Akmonia, meticulously published by E. Varinlioğlu in REA (108) 2006. The decree for Demades (64 AD) was introduced by the proegoros of the body and this post testifies to the complex nature of the Gerousia’s legal and financial affairs. Moreover, the award of the asymbolos status to a new member chosen exclusively by Demades (the freedman Karpos), is the first undisputed proof that the Gerousia imposed regular contributions to its own
members. Although we cannot be sure whether this decree was passed by the Gerousia itself or by the Council and the Assembly in response to a Gerousia’s initiative, the ratification of Demades’ choice by vote illustrates a carefully articulated scheme which sought to integrate a prominent individual’s supremacy into the exigencies of the collective impersonal principles governing the function of Greek civic bodies and associations. A contemporary decree dated to 68 AD informs us that Demades son of Dionysogenes erected a group of three statues standing on the city gate which represented the Polis, the Demos and the Gerousia. The absence of the Council in this scheme suggests that, when it came to the symbolical representation of Akmonia’s political community, civic hierarchy was flexible enough to allow the Gerousia to occupy a more prominent place. The Gerousia’s public significance in Akmonia is further highlighted by the body’s involvement in the pandemon decree for the Roman officer L. Egnatius Quartus dated to 2nd or the 3rd century AD. The same man had been previously honoured solely by the Council and the People but, when it
was decided to award him the highly esteemed titles of ktistes and euergetes, the participation of the Gerousia was judged indispensable.

Research paper thumbnail of Greek views on Achaemenid Persia during the Imperial period: between continuity and innovation

Eirene Studia Graeca Et Latina, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of The Treatment of the Battle of Marathon in the Literary Tradition of the Imperial Period in: K. Buraselis – E. Koulakiotis (eds.), Marathon: the Day After, Symposium Proceedings, Delphi 2-4 July 2010, European Cultural Centre of Delphi 2013, 185-199.

Greek authors of the Imperial Period evoked the memory of the Battle of Marathon in order to rela... more Greek authors of the Imperial Period evoked the memory of the Battle of Marathon in order to relate its historical significance with the contemporary political situation. Focused on the problems posed by the need to accommodate Greece to Roman rule and on the tensions characterizing contemporary politics, Greek intellectuals of the early principate adapted the memory of the Battle of Marathon to the anxieties of their own age

Research paper thumbnail of Groups and Associations in Bithynia and Pontus: Interaction with prominent Statesmen and provincial Governors

Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private associations in Roman Bithynia and Pontus were c... more Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private associations in Roman Bithynia and Pontus were considered forces of considerable significance in the local civic societies and consequently a matter of care and concern for the provincial authorities. But how could these non-official corporate bodies acquire such an importance? The present paper proposes to deal with this problem by focusing on the relations cultivated between Bithynian-Pontic associations and specific individuals possessing high status at a local or regional level. The epigraphic evidence indicates that local statesmen provided formal leadership and external championship to associations and received public honours from them. Bithyniarchai and provincial governors even collaborated with individual associations in the construction of monuments honouring, or dedicated to, the Roman emperor. This sort of personalized interaction with specific members of the elite enabled associations to advertise themselves as the favourites of important political figures and through their contribution to the imperial monuments to participate in a common political discourse which placed their own micro-communities in an empire-wide context. On the other hand, in a structurally factionalist political environment, the persistently democratic character of which encouraged politicians to appeal directly to the people, the associations’ affiliation to prominent statesmen could also function as vehicle of mobilization in time of conflict

Research paper thumbnail of Remarks on the Decrees of the Euboean Cities for the Leukophryena

Research paper thumbnail of Remarks on the honorary titles ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ and ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ in Roman Asia Minor

ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ AND ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ IN ROMAN ASIA MINOR * ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper... more ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ AND ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ IN ROMAN ASIA MINOR * ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper is to examine the political and ideological connotations of the honorary titles hyios demou/boules/poleos. Evidence collected from Perge, Sagalassos, Stratonikeia and other Asia Minor cities shows that the honorands were powerful local statesmen occupying the top local offices and closely related with various aspects of the imperial ideology. These titles quite often took a "hereditary" form passing over from one generation to the other within the same families. Being a striking mark of excellence in the interior of the city, they were at the same time a constant reminder of the priority to be attributed to the city itself. The honorands' services were not presented as a benevolent action towards an inferior dependant party, but rather as a fulfilment of a moral duty owed to the great family of the polis.

Research paper thumbnail of Παρατηρήσεις επί των αρμοδιοτήτων των αστυνόμων

°È· ÙȘ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈ ‡ÛÂȘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙÔ˘ SEG Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο Â... more °È· ÙȘ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈ ‡ÛÂȘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙÔ˘ SEG Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο ÂΛӘ Ù˘ Année Philologique. ∂ÈÚÔÛı¤Ùˆ˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÍ‹˜ ‚Ú·¯˘Áڷʛ˜: Busolt -Swoboda, Griechische Staatskunde = G. Busolt -H. Swoboda, Griechische Staatskunde, ªfiÓ·¯Ô 1920-1926. Etienne, Ténos = R. Etienne, Ténos II: Ténos et les Cyclades du milieu du IVe siècle av. J.-C. au milieu du IIIe siècle ap. ˘˜Ø à . ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ ·Ú[ÉÓ] \ ∞ . ÓÙÈÎÚ¿Ù˘ ÿÚËÙ[Ô˜]Ø . Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ıÂÔd ηd ıÜ . [Ù·È] √ ∞ÈÔÏ ‡˜ ∏Ú·ÎÏ›ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¤ıÂÛ ÛÙÔÓ ∞fiÏψ-Ó· ™ÂÏÈÓ·›Ô ÙË ‰Ô ‡ÏË ÙÔ˘ ∞ÊÚÔ‰ÈÛ›· ÂÓÒÈÔÓ ‰ ‡Ô ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ˆÓ Ù˘ fiψ˜ Ù˘ πÛÙÈ·›·˜, Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-̤ӷ ÂÓfi˜ ôÚ¯ÔÓÙÔ˜Î·È ÂÓfi˜ àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘. ∏ ·Ó¿ıÂ-ÛË Â¤ÊÂÚ ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙfiÛÔ ÙË ÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË Ùˉ Ô ‡Ï˘ Û ηıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÚÔÛˆÈ΋˜ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ¯‹ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ıÂÔ ‡, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Â›¯Â ·Ó·ÙÂı› 6 . ∏ ‰È·Ù ‡ˆÛË àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ ·[Ú]ÉÓ … àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ ·Ú[ÉÓ] ηıÈÛÙ¿ ۷ʤ˜ ˆ˜ Ù· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÚfiÛˆ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ ‡-Û·Ó ˘fi ÙË ıÂÛÌÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ·, ˆ˜ Â›ÛËÌÔÈ ‰Ë-Ï·‰‹ ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔÈ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯˆÓ Û˘Ó·Ú¯ÈÒÓ. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ"Ë ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÔÌÔÂȉÒÓ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÒÓ ·fi ÙËÓ Â-ÚÈÔ¯‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚ˆı› ·Ó ÂÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ·Ó ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋, ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ Û˘Ó‹ı˘, ÛÙȘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È¿ ·Ó·ı¤ÛÂˆÛ Â ıÂfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎÚ¿-ÙÂÈ· Ù˘ πÛÙÈ·›·˜. ∂Ӊ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ Ó· ›¯Â ÎÏËı› ·fi Ù· ›‰È· Ù· ̤ÚË Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ¤ÓÓÔÌÔ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓ, ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ó·ı¤ÙË ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÂÚ›˜ ÙÔ˘∞fiÏψӷ ™ÂÏÈÓ·›Ô˘, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ¤ÙÛÈ ÚÔÛ‰ÔÎÔ ‡Û·Ó Ó· ıˆÚ·-ΛÛÔ˘Ó ÓÔÌÈο ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ıÂÛË ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÔÔÈ·Û‰‹ÔÙ ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋˜ ·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛ˘, ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ ÏfiÁ Ú¿ÍË ˘fi ÙË ÛΤË ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÛ›ˆÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ 7 . ™Â Â-Ú›ÙˆÛË ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ∞ÊÚÔ‰È-Û›·˜ (‹ Î·È ·ı¤ÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂÒÓ Ù˘ ÚÔÙ ÔÓ ıÂfi) ı· ‹Ù·Ó  ‡ÏÔÁÔ Ó· ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È Ë ÎÈÓËÙÔ-Ô›ËÛË ÙˆÓ àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ 8 , ·˘ÙÔ-‚Ô ‡Ïˆ˜ ‹ ηÙfiÈÓ Î·Ù·ÁÁÂÏ›·˜9. OEÙÛÈ, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· 10 N›ÎÔ˜ °È·ÓÓ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ6 . ∞ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfiÙËÙ· ‹Ù·Ó ‰È·‰Â‰Ô̤Ó˜ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. °È· ÙÔÓ μÔ˘ıÚˆÙfi Ù˘ ∏›ÚÔ˘, ‚Ï. P. Cabanes, «Les inscriptions du théâtre de Bouthrotos», ÛÙÔÓ ÙfiÌÔ: Actes du Colloque sur l'esclavage, Paris 1972, ¶·Ú›ÛÈ 1974, 105-209. °È· Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·fi ÙË §Â˘ÎfiÂÙÚ· Ù˘ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜, ‚Ï. Ph. Petsas -M. B. Hatzopoulos -L. Gounaropoulou -P. Paschidis, Inscriptions du sanctuaire de la mère des dieux autochtone de Leukopetra, ∞ı‹Ó· 2000. ø˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Û˘Ó·Ê¤˜ ˘ÏÈÎfi ·fi ÙË μÔȈ-Ù›·, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ ‡ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘, ‚Ï. L. Darmezin, Les affranchissements par consécration en Béotie et dans le monde grec hellénistique, Nancy 1999. °È· ÙË Û˘Ó ‡·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÛÙÒÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ Ì ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·ÙÂıÂÈ̤ÓÔ· ÂÏ ‡ıÂÚÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi, ‚Ï. M. Ricl, «Les ηٷÁÚ·Ê·d du sanctuaire d'Apollon Lairbénos», Arkeoloji Dergisi 3 (1995) 167-195. ¶Ú‚Ï. Petsas -Hatzopoulos -Gounaropoulou -Paschidis, fi.., 49-52 Î·È 60. 7. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÔÈ ‰ËÌfiÛȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÂÌϤÎÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈÎÈÏÔÙÚfiˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ȉȈÙÈΤ˜ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜, Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ·, Û fiÏÂÈ٠˘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÙÂÏÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‚Ô˘Ï‹˜ (Û˘Ó‰ڛԢ) ‹ Ù˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜. μÏ. IG πà 1, 63 (¢·˘Ï›˜) Î·È 120-127 (∂Ï¿ÙÂÈ·). ¶Ú‚Ï. R. Zelnick-Abramovitz, Not Wholly Free. The Concept of Manumission and the Status of manumitted Slaves in the ancient Greek World, Leiden-Boston 2005, 186-191. ∞˘Ùfi, Â›Û˘, ›Û¯˘Â Î·È ÁÈ· ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfi-ÙËÙ·. μÏ. IG VII 3301-3320, 3330 Î·È 3313 (÷ÈÚÒÓÂÈ·). ¶Ú‚Ï. P. Roesch -J. M. Fossey, «Neuf actes d'affranchissement de Chéronée», ZPE 29 (1978) 134. ∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Â›Ó·È ˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ƒÔ‚Ȥ˜ Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ÙÂÏÔ ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÂÓÒÈÔÓ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ˆÓ Ù˘ fiψ˜ Î·È fi¯È ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ Û˘Ó‰ÚÈ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ Ù˘ fiÏ˘. ∏ Ù¤ÏÂÛË Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ ÂÓÒÈÔÓ Î¿ÔÈ·˜ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ·Ú¯‹˜ ‹ Ë ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ·Ú¯Â›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ £ÂfiÊÚ·ÛÙÔ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚd ™˘Ì‚ÔÏ·›ˆÓ (™ÙÔ‚·›Ô˜, 44, 22) ˆ˜ Û˘ÓËıÈ-Ṳ̂ÓË Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÛÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ·Ú›¯Â ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÈÛ¯ ‡. ¶Ú‚Ï. Ù· Û¯fiÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ F. Pringsheim, The Greek Law of Sale, μ·˚Ì¿ÚË 1950, 135-136. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ, ‚Ï. ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË ÛËÌ›ˆÛË. 8. ∞ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ·fi ÙËÓ À¿ÌÔÏË Ô˘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ΔÚ·˚·ÓÔ ‡ (IG πà 1, 86). ∫·Ù¤ÁÚ·Ê ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ‰Ô ‡Ï˘ ˘fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚ¤· ÙÔ˘ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ Î·È Ù˘ ÿÛȉԘ, Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¿ÏÈ-ÛÙ· ÏÂÎÙÈÎÔ ‡ Ù ‡Ô˘ ·ÚfiÌÔÈÔ˘ Ì ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙˆÓ ƒÔ‚ÈÒÓ (·ÚfiÓÙÔ˜ \∂ÈÎÙ‹ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ™ˆÛÈÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ÙÔÜ îÂÚ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔÜ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ ηd ÙÉ∂ úÛȉԘ). ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·Ú·‚›·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÔ˘ ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó Ë Î·Ù·‚ÔÏ‹ ÚÔÛÙ›ÌÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ‰ ‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ıÂfiÙË-Ù˜. ¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ˆ˜ Ô ÈÂÚ¤·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ıÂÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ı· ¤ÚÂ ӷ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈËı› ηٿ ÙˆÓ Â›‰ÔÍˆÓ ·Ú·‚·ÙÒÓ (fiˆÎ ·È Ô ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘) Î·È ˘fi ·˘Ù‹ ›Ûˆ˜ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÂÚÌËÓ ‡ÂÙ·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË. ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆ-ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∂Ï¿ÙÂÈ· (IG IX 1, 120-127) ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó, Â›Û˘, fiÙÈ Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·fiÂÈÚ·˜ ÂÎ Ó¤Ô˘ ˘Ô‰Ô ‡ÏˆÛ˘ ÙÔ· ÂÏ ‡ıÂÚÔ˘ ÔÈ ¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ˘Ô¯Úˆ̤ÓÔÈ Ó· ·Û΋ÛÔ˘Ó ‰›ˆÍË (âÁ‰Èη˙¤ÛıˆÛ·Ó Ôî ôÚ¯ÔÓÙ˜ Ôî àÂd öÓ·Ú¯ÔÈ ùÓÙ˜). ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ ·fi ÙË Ã·ÈÚÒÓÂÈ· ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ·Ó·Ï¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ÔÈ ÈÂÚ›˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÈÂڿگ˜ Î·È Ô ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘ (IG VII 3080, 3081). ™Â ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ·Ó·ı¤ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙÔ Ã·ÚfiÂÈÔÓ Ù˘ ∫ÔÚÒÓÂÈ·˜ Ë ·Ú¯‹ Ô˘ ÂÂÓ¤‚·ÈÓ Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·fiÂÈÚ·˜ ·Ú·‚›·-Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë È¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÿÚÔÔ˜. ∞ÛÎÔ ‡Û ÙË Û ‡ÏË Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔÓ ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ ÔÏ›ÙË. μÏ. ¡. °. ¶··‰¿ÎȘ, « ¶ÂÚd Ùe ÷-ÚfiÂÈÔÓ Ùɘ ∫ÔÚˆÓ›·˜», ∞¢ 2 (1916) 231. ¶Ú‚Ï., Â›Û˘, P. Roesch -J. M. Fossey, «Une acte d'affranchissement de Coronée en Béotie», ZPE 29 (1978) 138-141. ΔÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÌÔÚÔ ‡Û ӷ ÂÈÙÂÏ› Î·È Ô ÈÂÚ¤·˜ ÙÔ˘ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ (IG VII 2872). 9.°È· ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï·‚‹ ηٷÁÁÂÏÈÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ÓËÛÈ¿ ÙˆÓ ∫˘ÎÏ¿‰ˆÓ, ‚Ï. ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ. ∂›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ, Â›Û˘, Ó· ˘ÔÙÂ-ı› fiÙÈ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ‰È·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛÙ› Ë Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ı· Â¤‚·ÏÏ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË ·ÓÙÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ Ù˘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘ ‹ ¿ÏÏ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê˘ ‰‹ÏˆÛ‹˜ Ù˘ ÛÙȘ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ ÙˆÓ àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfïÓ, Ô ‡Ùˆ˜ ÒÛÙ ÔÈ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ÔÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‹ÌÂÚÔÈ ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚ·Á̤ӷ ÙˆÓ ÚÔηÙfi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ‰È¿ ÂÈÎÔÓÈ΋˜ ˆÏ‹Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfiÙËÙ· Û˘¯Ó¿ ÔÚÈ˙fiÙ·Ó Ë Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË Ù˘ èÓɘÛ οÔÈÔÓ ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi ‹ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯Ô. ™ÙËÓ ΔÈıÔÚ¤·, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó Ó· ηٷÙÂı› Ë èÓ‹ ÛÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ıÂÔ ‡ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ ¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ·. μÏ. IG IX 1, 188-189 Î·È 192-194. ¶Ú‚Ï. Zelnick-Abramovitz, fi.. (ÛËÌ. 7) 203. ™ÙËÓ ÕÌÊÈÛÛ· ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÂÈÙÂÏÔ ‡Û·Ó Ô ıÂÔÎfiÏÔ˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÈÂÚ›˜ (IG IX 2 I III 754, 755, 756) ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ô ‚Ô ‡Ï·Ú¯Ô˜ (IG IX 2 I III 756, 1Ô˜ ·È. Ì.Ã.). μÏ., Â›Û˘, IG IX 1, 66 (¢·˘Ï›˜), IG IX 2 I III 684 (º ‡ÛÎÔ˜), IG IX 2 I III 709a (º·ÈÛÙÖÓÔ˜).

Monographs by Nikos Giannakopoulos

Research paper thumbnail of Θεσμοί και λειτουργία των πόλεων της Εύβοιας (Institutions and Function of the Cities of Euboea), Summary

Θεσμοί και λειτουργία των πόλεων της Εύβοιας κατά τους ελληνιστικούς και τους αυτοκρατορικούς χρόνους, 2012

English Summary

Research paper thumbnail of Ο θεσμός της Γερουσίας (The Institution of the Gerousia), Summary

Ο Θεσμός της Γερουσίας των ελληνικών πόλεων κατά τους Ρωμαϊκούς Χρόνους, 2008

English Summary

Research paper thumbnail of (with Sophia Aneziri and Nikos Giannakopoulos), Index du Bulletin Épigraphique (1987-2001). IΙ. Les mots grecs (Μελετήματα 43.2; Athènes 2005)

Research paper thumbnail of (with Sophia Aneziri and Nikos Giannakopoulos) Index du Bulletin Épigraphique, 1987 - 2001: I. Les publications (Μελετήματα 43.1; Athènes 2005)

Talks by Nikos Giannakopoulos

Conference Presentations by Nikos Giannakopoulos

Research paper thumbnail of Private Honours, Civic Approval and Public Memory in the cities of the Roman Peloponnese: A Preliminary Note. (International Symposium "Memory and Impression", Tegea 12-14/12 2019

Private Honours, Civic Approval and Public Memory in the cities of the Roman Peloponnese (paper delivered to the International Symposium "Memory and Impression", Tegea 12-14/12 2019), 2019

Public honorific monuments recorded various civic organs in the nominative case as the grantor of... more Public honorific monuments recorded various civic organs in the nominative case as the grantor of honour, while private ones reserved this place to specific individuals, the civic institutions being textually absent from the honorific transaction, although several testimonies show that their permission was in fact asked for. The Imperial Period witnesses an important, but never systematically studied, novelty: the emergence of honorific monuments accompanied by inscriptions which record both private individuals as grantors of honour in the nominative case and civic organs as approvers of honour in various verbal formulas denoting the issuing of a relevant decree (for example the abbreviation ψβ (ψηφίσματι βουλῆς)). The structure of these texts enables us to categorize them as private honorific inscriptions with explicitly recorded civic approval.
The aim of this paper is to investigate this new textual practice of providing access to public memory in the cities of Roman Peloponnese. We will explore how similar practices used in Roman cities became known to the Peloponnese through the Roman colony of Corinth. We will also examine the extent of the use of this new form of honorific inscriptions, comparing them with the well-established from the past private and public honorific inscriptions and bringing forward important local particularities. Finally, we will focus on the social and political background of the individuals who were recorded as grantors and recipients of honour in these inscriptions, and on the nature of their interaction with the civic authorities.

Research paper thumbnail of Private Associations or Public Bodies? The Gerousiai of the Greek Cities in the Imperial Period

Classica et Mediaevalia, Feb 5, 2024

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities... more The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Research paper thumbnail of PRIVATE ASSOCIATIONS OR PUBLIC BODIES? THE GEROUSIAI OF THE GREEK CITIES IN THE IMPERIAL PERIOD

Classica et Mediaevalia , 2024

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities... more The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Research paper thumbnail of Condemning the Athenian Past, Rejecting the Athenian Present

'The Eyesore of Aigina', 2016

this paper examines the criticism that Greek writers of the Imperial Period addressed against 5th... more this paper examines the criticism that Greek writers of the Imperial Period addressed against 5th-century BC Athenian hegemony and contemprary Roman Athens

Research paper thumbnail of Euboian Unity in the 2nd Century BCE and the Chalkidian Embassy at Amarynthos: The Limits of Roman-Sponsored Greek Federalism

Ethnos and Koinon: studies in ancient Greek ethnicity and federalism, 2019, ISBN 978-3-515-12217-7, págs. 113-130, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of The Greek Presence in the Roman Colonies of Kassandreia and Pella

L’héritage grec des colonies romaines d’Orient, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of I. Knidos 34: Attacks against Houses Motivated by Interpersonal Differences in the Imperial Period

Research paper thumbnail of Decrees Awarding Offices for Life and by Hereditary Right as Honours

The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire, 2017

The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire studies the honorific habits in th... more The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire studies the honorific habits in the later Greek city, and in particular the honorific inscriptions that were set up for citizens, magistrates and (foreign) benefactors.

Research paper thumbnail of Chalcidian Politicians and Rome Between 208 and 168 BC

Classica Et Mediaevalia, 2009

This paper examines the emergence of a Chalcidian political group orientated towards Rome during... more This paper examines the emergence of a Chalcidian political group orientated towards Rome during and right after the Second Macedonian War and its subsequent political discourse and use of the concept of Roman Fides.

Research paper thumbnail of The Gerousia of Akmonia

Gephyra, Mar 9, 2013

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the institution of the Gerousia provi... more The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the institution of the Gerousia provided by three inscriptions from Akmonia, meticulously published by E. Varinlioğlu in REA (108) 2006. The decree for Demades (64 AD) was introduced by the proegoros of the body and this post testifies to the complex nature of the Gerousia’s legal and financial affairs. Moreover, the award of the asymbolos status to a new member chosen exclusively by Demades (the freedman Karpos), is the first undisputed proof that the Gerousia imposed regular contributions to its own
members. Although we cannot be sure whether this decree was passed by the Gerousia itself or by the Council and the Assembly in response to a Gerousia’s initiative, the ratification of Demades’ choice by vote illustrates a carefully articulated scheme which sought to integrate a prominent individual’s supremacy into the exigencies of the collective impersonal principles governing the function of Greek civic bodies and associations. A contemporary decree dated to 68 AD informs us that Demades son of Dionysogenes erected a group of three statues standing on the city gate which represented the Polis, the Demos and the Gerousia. The absence of the Council in this scheme suggests that, when it came to the symbolical representation of Akmonia’s political community, civic hierarchy was flexible enough to allow the Gerousia to occupy a more prominent place. The Gerousia’s public significance in Akmonia is further highlighted by the body’s involvement in the pandemon decree for the Roman officer L. Egnatius Quartus dated to 2nd or the 3rd century AD. The same man had been previously honoured solely by the Council and the People but, when it
was decided to award him the highly esteemed titles of ktistes and euergetes, the participation of the Gerousia was judged indispensable.

Research paper thumbnail of Greek views on Achaemenid Persia during the Imperial period: between continuity and innovation

Eirene Studia Graeca Et Latina, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of The Treatment of the Battle of Marathon in the Literary Tradition of the Imperial Period in: K. Buraselis – E. Koulakiotis (eds.), Marathon: the Day After, Symposium Proceedings, Delphi 2-4 July 2010, European Cultural Centre of Delphi 2013, 185-199.

Greek authors of the Imperial Period evoked the memory of the Battle of Marathon in order to rela... more Greek authors of the Imperial Period evoked the memory of the Battle of Marathon in order to relate its historical significance with the contemporary political situation. Focused on the problems posed by the need to accommodate Greece to Roman rule and on the tensions characterizing contemporary politics, Greek intellectuals of the early principate adapted the memory of the Battle of Marathon to the anxieties of their own age

Research paper thumbnail of Groups and Associations in Bithynia and Pontus: Interaction with prominent Statesmen and provincial Governors

Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private associations in Roman Bithynia and Pontus were c... more Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private associations in Roman Bithynia and Pontus were considered forces of considerable significance in the local civic societies and consequently a matter of care and concern for the provincial authorities. But how could these non-official corporate bodies acquire such an importance? The present paper proposes to deal with this problem by focusing on the relations cultivated between Bithynian-Pontic associations and specific individuals possessing high status at a local or regional level. The epigraphic evidence indicates that local statesmen provided formal leadership and external championship to associations and received public honours from them. Bithyniarchai and provincial governors even collaborated with individual associations in the construction of monuments honouring, or dedicated to, the Roman emperor. This sort of personalized interaction with specific members of the elite enabled associations to advertise themselves as the favourites of important political figures and through their contribution to the imperial monuments to participate in a common political discourse which placed their own micro-communities in an empire-wide context. On the other hand, in a structurally factionalist political environment, the persistently democratic character of which encouraged politicians to appeal directly to the people, the associations’ affiliation to prominent statesmen could also function as vehicle of mobilization in time of conflict

Research paper thumbnail of Remarks on the Decrees of the Euboean Cities for the Leukophryena

Research paper thumbnail of Remarks on the honorary titles ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ and ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ in Roman Asia Minor

ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ AND ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ IN ROMAN ASIA MINOR * ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper... more ΥΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΥΙΟΣ ΔΗΜΟΥ AND ΥΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ IN ROMAN ASIA MINOR * ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper is to examine the political and ideological connotations of the honorary titles hyios demou/boules/poleos. Evidence collected from Perge, Sagalassos, Stratonikeia and other Asia Minor cities shows that the honorands were powerful local statesmen occupying the top local offices and closely related with various aspects of the imperial ideology. These titles quite often took a "hereditary" form passing over from one generation to the other within the same families. Being a striking mark of excellence in the interior of the city, they were at the same time a constant reminder of the priority to be attributed to the city itself. The honorands' services were not presented as a benevolent action towards an inferior dependant party, but rather as a fulfilment of a moral duty owed to the great family of the polis.

Research paper thumbnail of Παρατηρήσεις επί των αρμοδιοτήτων των αστυνόμων

°È· ÙȘ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈ ‡ÛÂȘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙÔ˘ SEG Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο Â... more °È· ÙȘ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈ ‡ÛÂȘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙÔ˘ SEG Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο ÂΛӘ Ù˘ Année Philologique. ∂ÈÚÔÛı¤Ùˆ˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÍ‹˜ ‚Ú·¯˘Áڷʛ˜: Busolt -Swoboda, Griechische Staatskunde = G. Busolt -H. Swoboda, Griechische Staatskunde, ªfiÓ·¯Ô 1920-1926. Etienne, Ténos = R. Etienne, Ténos II: Ténos et les Cyclades du milieu du IVe siècle av. J.-C. au milieu du IIIe siècle ap. ˘˜Ø à . ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ ·Ú[ÉÓ] \ ∞ . ÓÙÈÎÚ¿Ù˘ ÿÚËÙ[Ô˜]Ø . Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ıÂÔd ηd ıÜ . [Ù·È] √ ∞ÈÔÏ ‡˜ ∏Ú·ÎÏ›ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¤ıÂÛ ÛÙÔÓ ∞fiÏψ-Ó· ™ÂÏÈÓ·›Ô ÙË ‰Ô ‡ÏË ÙÔ˘ ∞ÊÚÔ‰ÈÛ›· ÂÓÒÈÔÓ ‰ ‡Ô ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ˆÓ Ù˘ fiψ˜ Ù˘ πÛÙÈ·›·˜, Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-̤ӷ ÂÓfi˜ ôÚ¯ÔÓÙÔ˜Î·È ÂÓfi˜ àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘. ∏ ·Ó¿ıÂ-ÛË Â¤ÊÂÚ ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙfiÛÔ ÙË ÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË Ùˉ Ô ‡Ï˘ Û ηıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÚÔÛˆÈ΋˜ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ¯‹ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ıÂÔ ‡, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Â›¯Â ·Ó·ÙÂı› 6 . ∏ ‰È·Ù ‡ˆÛË àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ ·[Ú]ÉÓ … àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ ·Ú[ÉÓ] ηıÈÛÙ¿ ۷ʤ˜ ˆ˜ Ù· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÚfiÛˆ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ ‡-Û·Ó ˘fi ÙË ıÂÛÌÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ·, ˆ˜ Â›ÛËÌÔÈ ‰Ë-Ï·‰‹ ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔÈ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯˆÓ Û˘Ó·Ú¯ÈÒÓ. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ"Ë ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÔÌÔÂȉÒÓ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÒÓ ·fi ÙËÓ Â-ÚÈÔ¯‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚ˆı› ·Ó ÂÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ·Ó ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋, ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ Û˘Ó‹ı˘, ÛÙȘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È¿ ·Ó·ı¤ÛÂˆÛ Â ıÂfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎÚ¿-ÙÂÈ· Ù˘ πÛÙÈ·›·˜. ∂Ӊ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ Ó· ›¯Â ÎÏËı› ·fi Ù· ›‰È· Ù· ̤ÚË Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ¤ÓÓÔÌÔ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓ, ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ó·ı¤ÙË ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÂÚ›˜ ÙÔ˘∞fiÏψӷ ™ÂÏÈÓ·›Ô˘, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ¤ÙÛÈ ÚÔÛ‰ÔÎÔ ‡Û·Ó Ó· ıˆÚ·-ΛÛÔ˘Ó ÓÔÌÈο ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ıÂÛË ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÔÔÈ·Û‰‹ÔÙ ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋˜ ·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛ˘, ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ ÏfiÁ Ú¿ÍË ˘fi ÙË ÛΤË ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÛ›ˆÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ 7 . ™Â Â-Ú›ÙˆÛË ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ∞ÊÚÔ‰È-Û›·˜ (‹ Î·È ·ı¤ÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂÒÓ Ù˘ ÚÔÙ ÔÓ ıÂfi) ı· ‹Ù·Ó  ‡ÏÔÁÔ Ó· ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È Ë ÎÈÓËÙÔ-Ô›ËÛË ÙˆÓ àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ àÛÙ˘ÓfiÌˆÓ 8 , ·˘ÙÔ-‚Ô ‡Ïˆ˜ ‹ ηÙfiÈÓ Î·Ù·ÁÁÂÏ›·˜9. OEÙÛÈ, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· 10 N›ÎÔ˜ °È·ÓÓ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ6 . ∞ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfiÙËÙ· ‹Ù·Ó ‰È·‰Â‰Ô̤Ó˜ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. °È· ÙÔÓ μÔ˘ıÚˆÙfi Ù˘ ∏›ÚÔ˘, ‚Ï. P. Cabanes, «Les inscriptions du théâtre de Bouthrotos», ÛÙÔÓ ÙfiÌÔ: Actes du Colloque sur l'esclavage, Paris 1972, ¶·Ú›ÛÈ 1974, 105-209. °È· Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·fi ÙË §Â˘ÎfiÂÙÚ· Ù˘ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜, ‚Ï. Ph. Petsas -M. B. Hatzopoulos -L. Gounaropoulou -P. Paschidis, Inscriptions du sanctuaire de la mère des dieux autochtone de Leukopetra, ∞ı‹Ó· 2000. ø˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Û˘Ó·Ê¤˜ ˘ÏÈÎfi ·fi ÙË μÔȈ-Ù›·, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ ‡ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘, ‚Ï. L. Darmezin, Les affranchissements par consécration en Béotie et dans le monde grec hellénistique, Nancy 1999. °È· ÙË Û˘Ó ‡·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÛÙÒÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ Ì ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·ÙÂıÂÈ̤ÓÔ· ÂÏ ‡ıÂÚÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi, ‚Ï. M. Ricl, «Les ηٷÁÚ·Ê·d du sanctuaire d'Apollon Lairbénos», Arkeoloji Dergisi 3 (1995) 167-195. ¶Ú‚Ï. Petsas -Hatzopoulos -Gounaropoulou -Paschidis, fi.., 49-52 Î·È 60. 7. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÔÈ ‰ËÌfiÛȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÂÌϤÎÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈÎÈÏÔÙÚfiˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ȉȈÙÈΤ˜ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜, Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ·, Û fiÏÂÈ٠˘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÙÂÏÔ ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‚Ô˘Ï‹˜ (Û˘Ó‰ڛԢ) ‹ Ù˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜. μÏ. IG πà 1, 63 (¢·˘Ï›˜) Î·È 120-127 (∂Ï¿ÙÂÈ·). ¶Ú‚Ï. R. Zelnick-Abramovitz, Not Wholly Free. The Concept of Manumission and the Status of manumitted Slaves in the ancient Greek World, Leiden-Boston 2005, 186-191. ∞˘Ùfi, Â›Û˘, ›Û¯˘Â Î·È ÁÈ· ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfi-ÙËÙ·. μÏ. IG VII 3301-3320, 3330 Î·È 3313 (÷ÈÚÒÓÂÈ·). ¶Ú‚Ï. P. Roesch -J. M. Fossey, «Neuf actes d'affranchissement de Chéronée», ZPE 29 (1978) 134. ∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Â›Ó·È ˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ƒÔ‚Ȥ˜ Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ÙÂÏÔ ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÂÓÒÈÔÓ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ˆÓ Ù˘ fiψ˜ Î·È fi¯È ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ Û˘Ó‰ÚÈ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ Ù˘ fiÏ˘. ∏ Ù¤ÏÂÛË Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ ÂÓÒÈÔÓ Î¿ÔÈ·˜ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ·Ú¯‹˜ ‹ Ë ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ·Ú¯Â›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ £ÂfiÊÚ·ÛÙÔ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚd ™˘Ì‚ÔÏ·›ˆÓ (™ÙÔ‚·›Ô˜, 44, 22) ˆ˜ Û˘ÓËıÈ-Ṳ̂ÓË Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÛÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ·Ú›¯Â ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÈÛ¯ ‡. ¶Ú‚Ï. Ù· Û¯fiÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ F. Pringsheim, The Greek Law of Sale, μ·˚Ì¿ÚË 1950, 135-136. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂȘ, ‚Ï. ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË ÛËÌ›ˆÛË. 8. ∞ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ·fi ÙËÓ À¿ÌÔÏË Ô˘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ΔÚ·˚·ÓÔ ‡ (IG πà 1, 86). ∫·Ù¤ÁÚ·Ê ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ‰Ô ‡Ï˘ ˘fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚ¤· ÙÔ˘ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ Î·È Ù˘ ÿÛȉԘ, Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¿ÏÈ-ÛÙ· ÏÂÎÙÈÎÔ ‡ Ù ‡Ô˘ ·ÚfiÌÔÈÔ˘ Ì ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙˆÓ ƒÔ‚ÈÒÓ (·ÚfiÓÙÔ˜ \∂ÈÎÙ‹ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ™ˆÛÈÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ÙÔÜ îÂÚ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔÜ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ ηd ÙÉ∂ úÛȉԘ). ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·Ú·‚›·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÔ˘ ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó Ë Î·Ù·‚ÔÏ‹ ÚÔÛÙ›ÌÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ‰ ‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ıÂfiÙË-Ù˜. ¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ˆ˜ Ô ÈÂÚ¤·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ıÂÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ı· ¤ÚÂ ӷ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈËı› ηٿ ÙˆÓ Â›‰ÔÍˆÓ ·Ú·‚·ÙÒÓ (fiˆÎ ·È Ô ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘) Î·È ˘fi ·˘Ù‹ ›Ûˆ˜ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÂÚÌËÓ ‡ÂÙ·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË. ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆ-ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∂Ï¿ÙÂÈ· (IG IX 1, 120-127) ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó, Â›Û˘, fiÙÈ Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·fiÂÈÚ·˜ ÂÎ Ó¤Ô˘ ˘Ô‰Ô ‡ÏˆÛ˘ ÙÔ· ÂÏ ‡ıÂÚÔ˘ ÔÈ ¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ˘Ô¯Úˆ̤ÓÔÈ Ó· ·Û΋ÛÔ˘Ó ‰›ˆÍË (âÁ‰Èη˙¤ÛıˆÛ·Ó Ôî ôÚ¯ÔÓÙ˜ Ôî àÂd öÓ·Ú¯ÔÈ ùÓÙ˜). ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÒÛÂȘ ‰È· ·Ó·ı¤Ûˆ˜ ·fi ÙË Ã·ÈÚÒÓÂÈ· ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ·Ó·Ï¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ÔÈ ÈÂÚ›˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÈÂڿگ˜ Î·È Ô ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘ (IG VII 3080, 3081). ™Â ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ·Ó·ı¤ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙÔ Ã·ÚfiÂÈÔÓ Ù˘ ∫ÔÚÒÓÂÈ·˜ Ë ·Ú¯‹ Ô˘ ÂÂÓ¤‚·ÈÓ Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·fiÂÈÚ·˜ ·Ú·‚›·-Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë È¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÿÚÔÔ˜. ∞ÛÎÔ ‡Û ÙË Û ‡ÏË Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔÓ ‚Ô˘ÏfiÌÂÓÔ ÔÏ›ÙË. μÏ. ¡. °. ¶··‰¿ÎȘ, « ¶ÂÚd Ùe ÷-ÚfiÂÈÔÓ Ùɘ ∫ÔÚˆÓ›·˜», ∞¢ 2 (1916) 231. ¶Ú‚Ï., Â›Û˘, P. Roesch -J. M. Fossey, «Une acte d'affranchissement de Coronée en Béotie», ZPE 29 (1978) 138-141. ΔÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÌÔÚÔ ‡Û ӷ ÂÈÙÂÏ› Î·È Ô ÈÂÚ¤·˜ ÙÔ˘ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ (IG VII 2872). 9.°È· ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï·‚‹ ηٷÁÁÂÏÈÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfiÌÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ÓËÛÈ¿ ÙˆÓ ∫˘ÎÏ¿‰ˆÓ, ‚Ï. ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ. ∂›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ, Â›Û˘, Ó· ˘ÔÙÂ-ı› fiÙÈ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ‰È·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛÙ› Ë Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ı· Â¤‚·ÏÏ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË ·ÓÙÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ Ù˘ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘ ‹ ¿ÏÏ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê˘ ‰‹ÏˆÛ‹˜ Ù˘ ÛÙȘ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ ÙˆÓ àÚ¯fiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÛÙ˘ÓfïÓ, Ô ‡Ùˆ˜ ÒÛÙ ÔÈ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯ÔÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‹ÌÂÚÔÈ ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÚ·Á̤ӷ ÙˆÓ ÚÔηÙfi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ™Â ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ‰È¿ ÂÈÎÔÓÈ΋˜ ˆÏ‹Ûˆ˜ Û ıÂfiÙËÙ· Û˘¯Ó¿ ÔÚÈ˙fiÙ·Ó Ë Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË Ù˘ èÓɘÛ οÔÈÔÓ ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi ‹ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ ‡¯Ô. ™ÙËÓ ΔÈıÔÚ¤·, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÙ·Ó Ó· ηٷÙÂı› Ë èÓ‹ ÛÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ıÂÔ ‡ ™·Ú¿ȉԘ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ ¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ·. μÏ. IG IX 1, 188-189 Î·È 192-194. ¶Ú‚Ï. Zelnick-Abramovitz, fi.. (ÛËÌ. 7) 203. ™ÙËÓ ÕÌÊÈÛÛ· ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÂÈÙÂÏÔ ‡Û·Ó Ô ıÂÔÎfiÏÔ˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÈÂÚ›˜ (IG IX 2 I III 754, 755, 756) ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ô ‚Ô ‡Ï·Ú¯Ô˜ (IG IX 2 I III 756, 1Ô˜ ·È. Ì.Ã.). μÏ., Â›Û˘, IG IX 1, 66 (¢·˘Ï›˜), IG IX 2 I III 684 (º ‡ÛÎÔ˜), IG IX 2 I III 709a (º·ÈÛÙÖÓÔ˜).

Research paper thumbnail of Private Honours, Civic Approval and Public Memory in the cities of the Roman Peloponnese: A Preliminary Note. (International Symposium "Memory and Impression", Tegea 12-14/12 2019

Private Honours, Civic Approval and Public Memory in the cities of the Roman Peloponnese (paper delivered to the International Symposium "Memory and Impression", Tegea 12-14/12 2019), 2019

Public honorific monuments recorded various civic organs in the nominative case as the grantor of... more Public honorific monuments recorded various civic organs in the nominative case as the grantor of honour, while private ones reserved this place to specific individuals, the civic institutions being textually absent from the honorific transaction, although several testimonies show that their permission was in fact asked for. The Imperial Period witnesses an important, but never systematically studied, novelty: the emergence of honorific monuments accompanied by inscriptions which record both private individuals as grantors of honour in the nominative case and civic organs as approvers of honour in various verbal formulas denoting the issuing of a relevant decree (for example the abbreviation ψβ (ψηφίσματι βουλῆς)). The structure of these texts enables us to categorize them as private honorific inscriptions with explicitly recorded civic approval.
The aim of this paper is to investigate this new textual practice of providing access to public memory in the cities of Roman Peloponnese. We will explore how similar practices used in Roman cities became known to the Peloponnese through the Roman colony of Corinth. We will also examine the extent of the use of this new form of honorific inscriptions, comparing them with the well-established from the past private and public honorific inscriptions and bringing forward important local particularities. Finally, we will focus on the social and political background of the individuals who were recorded as grantors and recipients of honour in these inscriptions, and on the nature of their interaction with the civic authorities.