C Sharp Programming (original) (raw)

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C# (pronounced "C Sharp"||"C#") is a multi-purpose computer programming language suitable for a wide variety of development needs. This Wikibook introduces C# language fundamentals and covers a variety of the base class libraries (BCL) provided by the Microsoft .NET Framework.

Main introduction: C Sharp Programming/Foreword

Although C# is derived from the C programming language, it introduces some unique and powerful features, such as delegates (which can be viewed as type-safe function pointers) and lambda expressions which introduce elements of functional programming languages, as well as a simpler single class inheritance model (than C++) and, for those of you with experience in "C-like" languages, a very familiar syntax that may help beginners become proficient faster than its predecessors. Similar to Java, it is object-oriented, comes with an extensive class library, and supports exception handling, multiple types of polymorphism, and separation of interfaces from implementations. Those features, combined with its powerful development tools, multi-platform support, and generics, make C# a good choice for many types of software development projects: rapid application development projects, projects implemented by individuals or large or small teams, Internet applications, and projects with strict reliability requirements. Testing frameworks such as NUnit make C# amenable to test-driven development and thus a good language for use with Extreme Programming (XP). Its strong typing helps to prevent many programming errors that are common in weakly typed languages.

Foreword

A description of the C# language and introduction to this Wikibook.

Getting started with C#

A simple C# program and where to get tools to compile it.

Basic syntax

Describes the basics in how the applications you write will be interpreted.

Naming conventions

Quickly describes the generally accepted naming conventions for C#.

Variables

The entities used to store data of various shapes.

Operators

Summarizes the operators, such as the '+' in addition, available in C#.

Data structures

Enumerations, structs, and more.

Control statements

Loops, conditions, and more. How the program flow is controlled.

Exceptions

Responding to errors that can occur.

Namespaces

Giving your code its own space to live in.

Classes

The blueprints of objects that describes how they should work.

Objects

Cornerstones of any object-oriented programming language, objects are the tools you use to perform work.

Encapsulation and accessor levels

Explains protection of object states by encapsulation, or the bundling of an object's data and functionality.

Inheritance

Re-using existing code to improve or specialize the functionality of an object.

Interfaces

Define a template, on which to base sub-classes.

Delegates and Events

Learn about delegates, anonymous delegates, lambda expressions, and events.

Abstract classes

Build partially implemented classes.

Partial classes

Split a class over several files to allow multiple users to develop, but also to stop code generators interfering with source code.

Generics

Allow commonly used collections and classes to appear to have specialization for your custom class.

Extension methods

Extend the functionality of existing types.

Object Lifetime

Learn about the lifetime of objects, where they are allocated and learn about garbage collection.

Design Patterns

Learn commonly used design methodologies to simplify and/or improve your development framework.

.NET Framework Overview

An overview of the .NET class library used in C#.

Console Programming

Input and Output using the console.

Windows Forms

GUI Programming with Windows Forms.

Collections

Effectively manage (add, remove, find, iterate, etc.) large sets of data.

Threading

Learn how to run code concurrently and how to synchronize code.

Marshalling

Communicating with unmanaged code

K-Means++

C# Keywords
abstract as base bool break byte case catch char checked class const continue decimal default delegate do double else enum event explicit extern false finally fixed float for foreach goto if implicit in int interface internal is lock long namespace new null object operator out override params private protected public readonly ref return sbyte sealed short sizeof stackalloc static string struct switch this throw true try typeof uint ulong unchecked unsafe ushort using var virtual void volatile while
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords)
add alias async await dynamic get global nameof partial remove set value when where yield
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries)
ascending by descending equals from group in into join let on orderby select where