Batak Simalungun language (original) (raw)
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Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
| Simalungun | |
|---|---|
| Sahap Simalungun | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra (northern) |
| Ethnicity | Simalungun |
| Native speakers | (1.2 million cited 2000)[1] |
| Language family | Austronesian Malayo-PolynesianNorthwest Sumatra–Barrier IslandsBatakSouthernSimalungun |
| Writing system | Latin, Batak |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bts |
| Glottolog | bata1288 |
Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Consonants | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | | | | Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t | | k | | | voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | | | | Fricative | | s | | | h | | | Rhotic | | r | | | | | | Lateral | | l | | | | | | Approximant | w | | j | | | |
/b, d/ can also have implosive allophones [ɓ, ɗ].
Vowels
| | Front | Central | Back | | | --------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Close | i | | u | | Mid | ɛ | | ɔ | | Open | | a | |
Sounds /i, u, ɛ, ɔ, a/ can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, e, o, ɑ].[2]
- ^ Simalungun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Bahren Umar, Siregar & Perlindungan; Husni, Chairul (2001). Fonologi Bahasa Simalungun. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
{{[cite book](/wiki/Template:Cite%5Fbook "Template:Cite book")}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
- Indonesian-Simalungun Dictionary
- David Goldsworthy's collection of Music of Indonesia and Malaysia archived with Paradisec includes open access recordings in Batak Simalungun.
