Bhili language (original) (raw)
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Western Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India
| Bhili | |
|---|---|
| भीली, ભીલી | |
 The word "Bhili" written in Devanagari script |
|
| Native to | India |
| Region | Bhil Pradesh (Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) |
| Ethnicity | Bhil |
| Native speakers | 3,206,533 (2011 census)[1] |
| Language family | Indo-European Indo-IranianIndo-AryanWestern Indo-AryanBhilCentralBhili |
| Writing system | Devanagari, Gujarati[2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:bhb – Bhili (Bhagoria, Bhilboli, Patelia)gas – Adiwasi Garasiagra – Rajput Garasia (Dungri) |
| Glottolog | bhil1251 Bhilirajp1235 Rajput Garasiaadiw1235 Adiwasi Garasia |
 Percentage Bhili speakers by Indian district, 2011 |
Bhili (Bhili: भीली, ભીલી), IPA: [bʱiːliː], is a Western Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India, in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.[3] Other names for the language include Bhilboli and several Bhili varieties are called Garasia. Bhili is a member of the Bhil languages, which are related to Gujarati and Rajasthani. The language is written using the Devanagari script.
Bhili has no official status in India.
| | Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | | k | | | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | | kʰ | | | | voiced | b | d | ɖ | | ɡ | | | | breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | | ɡʱ | | | | Affricate | voiceless | | | | tʃ | | | | voiced | | | | dʒ | | | | | Fricative | | s | | (ʃ) | | h | | | Nasal | m | n | ɳ | | (ŋ) | | | | Lateral | | l | ɭ | | | | | | Trill | | r | | | | | | | Approximant | w | | | j | | | |
- /w/ may also be heard as [ʋ] in free variation.
- /ʃ/ occurs in loanwords from Persian and Hindi.[4]
- [ŋ] is heard as an allophone of /n/ preceding /k/.
| | Front | Central | Back | | | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | High | i | | u | | Mid-high | e | ə | o | | Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ | | | Low | (æ) | a | |
- Vowels /i, u/ can also be heard as [ɪ, ʊ].
- [æ] is borrowed from Hindi.
- /ə/ may also be heard as [ɤ] in final position.[5]
- Bodhankar, Anantrao. Bhillori (Bhilli) – English Dictionary. Pune: Tribal Research & Training Institute, 2002.[_not Bhilori language?_]
- Jungblut, L. A Short Bhili Grammar of Jhabua State and Adjoining Territories. S.l: s.n, 1937.
- Bhili - Folk Song
Thompson, Charles S. Rudiments of the Bhili Language. Ahmedabad [India]: United Printing Press, 1895. - Languages of India
- Languages with official status in India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "ScriptSource - Bhili". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ Ishtiaq, M. (1999). Language Shifts Among the Scheduled Tribes in India, A Geographical Study. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120816176.
- ^ Phillips, Maxwell P. (2012). Dialect Continuum in the Bhil Tribal Belt: Grammatical Aspects. University of London.
- ^ Vyas, Yogendra Dhirubhai (1967). A linguistic study of Bhili dialects: A descriptive study of central and north Bhili. Ahmedabad: Gujarat University.
