Eastern Indonesia (original) (raw)

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Main geographical region of Indonesia

Region in 17 provinces, Indonesia

Eastern Indonesia
Region
Kawasan Timur Indonesia[1]Indonesia Timur (in Indonesian)
From upper-left to lower-right:Diving experience in Piaynemo Island of Raja Ampat,Clitoria ternatea (the native flower of Ternate Island),Ulun Danu Bratan Temple (Bali's most popular Hindu temple)Papeda (the staple food of Eastern Indonesia (Maluku Islands))A Papuan man wearing traditional Papuan clothing
Eastern Indonesia (Brunei, East Malaysia, and Timor-Leste have been removed from the map)Eastern Indonesia (Brunei, East Malaysia, and Timor-Leste have been removed from the map)
Country Indonesia
Provinces 17 provinces
Largest city Makassar
Demonym Eastern Indonesians[2]
Time zones UTC+08:00 (Central Indonesia Time)
UTC+09:00 (Eastern Indonesia Time)

Eastern Indonesia (or East Indonesia; Indonesian: Indonesia Timur, pronounced [ɪndoˌnes(i)ja ˈt̪imʊr])[3] is one of the two main geographical regions of Indonesia, the other being Western Indonesia.[1] It comprises four geographical units: Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku Islands and Papua. Central Indonesian Time and Eastern Indonesia Time are the national standard time designated for Eastern Indonesia; it falls within the UTC+8 and UTC+9 time zone, respectively.

Eastern Indonesia borders the Southern Philippines and Palau in the North, Papua New Guinea in the East, and Northern Australia in the South.

History and background

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During the last stages of the Dutch colonial era, the area east of Java and Kalimantan was known as the Great East and later known as Eastern Indonesia. After Denpasar Conference, on 24 December 1946, the State of East Indonesia was formed covering the same area, excluding Western New Guinea, previously included during Malino Conference. It was a component of the United States of Indonesia, and was dissolved into the unitary Republic of Indonesia in 17 August 1950.[4] Currently, Eastern Indonesia consists of 17 provinces: Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua.[5][6][7]

In Eastern Indonesia, the days are generally dry and sunny from October through March with the warm tropical rain season occurring between May and August; temperatures are typically in the 27 °C (81 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F) range throughout the year.[8]

Geographical units of Indonesia

Administratively, Eastern Indonesia consists of four main geographical units, namely the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku Islands and Papua.

ISO 3166-2 Codes Geographical unit Provinces Population(mid-2022)[9] Largest city Highest point
ID-NU Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands) Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara 15,355,100 Denpasar Mount Rinjani 3,726 m (12,224 ft)
ID-SL Sulawesi Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi 20,304,400 Makassar Latimojong 3,478 m (11,411 ft)
ID-ML Maluku Islands Maluku and North Maluku 3,201,000 Ambon Mount Binaiya3,027 m (9,931 ft)
ID-PP Papua Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua 5,601,900 Jayapura Puncak Jaya4,884 m (16,024 ft)

Most people in eastern Indonesia work as fisherman and most consume fish, except in Bali and East Nusa Tenggara where most people work as farmers.

Seaweed farming has traditionally been a common commercial activity along the coasts of Eastern Indonesia; however, in the 2020s climate change in Indonesia has been causing seaweed farmers in Eastern Indonesia to lose revenue and harvests.[10] In the consumer shopping industry, Eastern Indonesia experienced a rapid increase in online shopping in the 2020s, with overall transactions in the region doubling from 2020 to 2021; this growth has been led by Indonesian e-commerce company Tokopedia, with the top product types sold in the region being health and beauty, fashion, food and beverage, and electronics.[11]

The following are the four largest cities in Eastern Indonesia by population:

Largest cities in Eastern Indonesia[12]

No. City Province Population Image
1. Makassar South Sulawesi 1.571.814
2. Denpasar Bali 725.314
3. Manado North Sulawesi 478.192
4. Kupang East Nusa Tenggara 442.758
5. Mataram West Nusa Tenggara 452.812
6. Jayapura Papua 398.478
7. Palu Central Sulawesi 373.218
8. Ambon Maluku 347.288
9. Kendari Southeast Sulawesi 347.381
10. Sorong Southwest Papua 284.410
  1. ^ a b "Jejak Lensa Pembangunan Perhubungan Papua, NTB, NTT". Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  2. ^ Williams, Catharina Purwani (2007). Maiden Voyages: Eastern Indonesian Women on the Move. Netherlands: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) Press. p. 211. ISBN 9789812303943.
  3. ^ "President Jokowi: East Indonesia Will Be Able to Expand Rapidly, Need Supported by Infrastructure". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 2015.
  4. ^ Ricklefs 2008, pp. 362, 374.
  5. ^ Khayam, Kornelis Kewa Ama (6 March 2012). "13 Provinsi di Indonesia Timur Gelar Konsultasi Regional". Kompas.com. Kompas Cyber Media.
  6. ^ Wiguna, Dewa; Widyantara, I Gusti Bagus (3 October 2016). "BI Catat Bali Raih Inflasi Terendah KTI". ANTARA News Bali. ANTARA News Agency.
  7. ^ "Bawaslu Siap Kelola Keuangan Pilkada 2018 Secara Akuntabel". Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2023-04-26. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  8. ^ Lonne, Torben (March 23, 2018). "Essential guide to remote travel in eastern Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  9. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
  10. ^ Barends, Jaya (July 23, 2023). "Seaweed farmers in eastern Indonesia struggle in a changing climate". Mongabay. West Seram. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  11. ^ Paramitha, Pradna (December 29, 2021). "Western, central, and eastern Indonesia show diverse trends in online shopping behavior". Jakarta: The Jakarta Post. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  12. ^ Indonesia