Waiwai language (original) (raw)
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Cariban language spoken in Brazil and Guyana
| Waiwai | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Brazil, Guyana, Suriname |
| Ethnicity | Wai-Wai |
| Native speakers | (2,200 cited 1990–2006)[1] |
| Language family | Cariban ParukotoanWaiwai languagesWaiwai |
| Dialects | Katawiana Karafawyana |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | waw |
| Glottolog | waiw1244 |
| ELP | WaiwaiTunayana |
Waiwai [2] (Uaiuai, Uaieue, Ouayeone) is a Cariban language of northern Brazil, with a couple hundred speakers across the border in southern Guyana and Suriname.
Katawiana, or Parukuto, is a dialect; Karafawyana[3] is unattested and uncontacted[4] but may be the same.[5]
| | Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | - | | Stop | | t | tʃ | | k | | | Nasal | m | n | | ɲ | | | | Fricative | ɸ | s | ʃ | | | h | | Tap | | ɺ | ɭ̥̆ | | | | | Approximant | w | | | j | | |
| | Front | Central | Back | | | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | ---- | | High | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː | | Mid | e eː | | o oː | | Low | a aː | | |
- /o/ can be heard as [ʌ] when following palatal consonants /tʃ, ʃ/.
- /a/ can be heard as [æ] when preceded by sounds /j, tʃ/, and followed by sounds /w, m, s/.[6]
- ^ Waiwai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Bauer, Laurie (2021). The linguistics student's handbook (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-7410-8.
- ^ Hornborg, Alf; Hill, Jonathan David (2011). Ethnicity in ancient Amazonia: reconstructing past identities from archaeology, linguistics, and ethnohistory. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-60732-094-4.
- ^ "Isolados do Jatapu–Karapawyana – Indigenas do Brasil". 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2025-09-22.
- ^ Ethnologue, Editor (June 4, 2015). "ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code" (PDF). iso639-3.sil.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-09-18.
- ^ Hawkins, Robert (1998). Wai Wai. Desmond Derbyshire and Geoffrey Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 4: Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 25–224.
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- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Waiwai". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
- Waiwai Collection Archived 2023-12-18 at the Wayback Machine of Niels Fock from the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, containing audio recordings of ceremonial chants and photographs made in the 1950s.
- Wai Wai (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)