List of ISO 639 language codes (original) (raw)

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ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages.[1] Each language is assigned a two-letter (set 1) and three-letter lowercase abbreviation (sets 2–5).[2] Part 1 of the standard, ISO 639-1 defines the two-letter codes, and Part 3 (2007), ISO 639-3, defines the three-letter codes, aiming to cover all known natural languages, largely superseding the ISO 639-2 three-letter code standard.

This table lists all two-letter codes (set 1), one per language for ISO 639 macrolanguage, and some of the three-letter codes of the other sets, formerly parts 2 and 3.

Entries in the Scope column distinguish:

• Individual language
• Collections of related languages
• Macrolanguages

The Type column distinguishes:

• Ancient languages (extinct since ancient times)
• Historical languages (distinct from their modern form)
• Extinct languages in recent times
• Constructed languages

| ISO Language Names | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Scope | Type | Endonym(s) | Other Name(s)[note 1] | Notes | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | T | B | | | | | | | | | | Abkhazian | ab | abk | abk | Individual | Living | Аҧсуа; Apsua; აფსუა | Abkhaz | | | | Afar | aa | aar | aar | Individual | Living | Qafar af | | | | | Afrikaans | af | afr | afr | Individual | Living | Afrikaans | | | | | Akan | ak | aka | aka + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Ákán | Twi is tw/twi, Fanti is fat | | | | Albanian | sq | sqi | alb | sqi + 4 | Macrolanguage | Living | Shqip | called "Albanian Phylozone" in 639-6 | | | Amharic | am | amh | amh | Individual | Living | አማርኛ (Amarəñña) | | | | | Arabic | ar | ara | ara + 28 | Macrolanguage | Living | اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ(al-ʿarabiyyah) | Standard Arabic is arb | | | | Aragonese | an | arg | arg | Individual | Living | Aragonés | | | | | Armenian | hy | hye | arm | hye | Individual | Living | Հայերեն (Hayeren) | ISO 639-3 code hye is for Eastern Armenian, hyw is for Western Armenian, and xcl is for Classical Armenian | | | Assamese | as | asm | asm | Individual | Living | অসমীয়া (Ôxômiya) | | | | | Avaric | av | ava | ava | Individual | Living | Авар мацӏ; اوار ماض (Avar maz) | Avar | | | | Avestan | ae | ave | ave | Individual | Ancient | Upastawakaēna | | | | | Aymara | ay | aym | aym + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Aymara | Aymaran | | | | Azerbaijani | az | aze | aze + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Azərbaycan dili; آذربایجان دیلی; Азәрбајҹан дили | Azeri | | | | Bambara | bm | bam | bam | Individual | Living | بَمَنَنكَن ;ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲ (Bamanankan) | | | | | Bashkir | ba | bak | bak | Individual | Living | Башҡорт теле; Başqort tele | | | | | Basque | eu | eus | baq | eus | Individual | Living | Euskara | | | | Belarusian | be | bel | bel | Individual | Living | Беларуская мова (Belaruskaâ mova) | | | | | Bengali | bn | ben | ben | Individual | Living | বাংলা (Bāŋlā) | Bangla | | | | Bislama | bi | bis | bis | Individual | Living | Bislama | Language formed from English and Vanuatuan languages, with some French influence. | | | | Bosnian | bs | bos | bos | Individual | Living | Босански (Bosanski) | | | | | Breton | br | bre | bre | Individual | Living | Brezhoneg | | | | | Bulgarian | bg | bul | bul | Individual | Living | Български (Bulgarski) | | | | | Burmese | my | mya | bur | mya | Individual | Living | မြန်မာစာ (Mrãmācā) | Myanmar | | | Catalan, Valencian | ca | cat | cat | Individual | Living | Català; Valencià | | | | | Chamorro | ch | cha | cha | Individual | Living | Finu' Chamoru | | | | | Chechen | ce | che | che | Individual | Living | Нохчийн мотт;(Noxçiyn mott) | Chechnyan; Chechnian | | | | Chichewa, Chewa, Nyanja | ny | nya | nya | Individual | Living | Chichewa; Chinyanja | | | | | Chinese | zh | zho | chi | zho + 16 | Macrolanguage | Living | 中文 (Zhōngwén)汉语; 漢語 (Hànyǔ) | | | | Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic | cu | chu | chu | Individual | Ancient, in use by the Eastern Orthodox Church | Славе́нскїй ѧ҆зы́къ | | | | | Chuvash | cv | chv | chv | Individual | Living | Чӑвашла (Çăvaşla) | | | | | Cornish | kw | cor | cor | Individual | Living | Kernowek | | | | | Corsican | co | cos | cos | Individual | Living | Corsu | | | | | Cree | cr | cre | cre + 6 | Macrolanguage | Living | ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐁᐧᐃᐧᐣ (Nehiyawewin) | | | | | Croatian | hr | hrv | hrv | Individual | Living | Hrvatski | Crovatian | | | | Czech | cs | ces | cze | ces | Individual | Living | Čeština | Czechian | | | Danish | da | dan | dan | Individual | Living | Dansk | | | | | Divehi, Dhivehi, Maldivian | dv | div | div | Individual | Living | ދިވެހި (Dhivehi) | Maldivian | | | | Dutch, Flemish | nl | nld | dut | nld | Individual | Living | Nederlands | Flemish is not to be confused with the closely related West Flemish which is referred to as "Vlaams" and has the code vls in ISO 639-3 | | | Dzongkha | dz | dzo | dzo | Individual | Living | རྫོང་ཁ་ (Dzongkha) | Bhutanese | | | | English | en | eng | eng | Individual | Living | English | | | | | Esperanto | eo | epo | epo | Individual | Constructed by L.L. Zamenhof in 1887 | Esperanto | | | | | Estonian | et | est | est + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Eesti keel | | | | | Ewe | ee | ewe | ewe | Individual | Living | Èʋegbe | | | | | Faroese | fo | fao | fao | Individual | Living | Føroyskt | | | | | Fijian | fj | fij | fij | Individual | Living | Na Vosa Vakaviti | | | | | Finnish | fi | fin | fin | Individual | Living | Suomi | | | | | French | fr | fra | fre | fra | Individual | Living | Français | | | | Western Frisian | fy | fry | fry | Individual | Living | Frysk | West Frisian; Frisian;Fries | | | | Fulah | ff | ful | ful + 9 | Macrolanguage | Living | 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 ;ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ; Fulfulde𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 ;ݒُلَارْ; Pulaar | Fulani | | | | Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic | gd | gla | gla | Individual | Living | Gàidhlig | | | | | Galician | gl | glg | glg | Individual | Living | Galego | | | | | Ganda | lg | lug | lug | Individual | Living | Luganda | | | | | Georgian | ka | kat | geo | kat | Individual | Living | ქართული (Kharthuli) | | | | German | de | deu | ger | deu | Individual | Living | Deutsch | | | | Greek, Modern (1453–) | el | ell | gre | ell | Individual | Living | Νέα Ελληνικά; (Néa Ellêniká) | for Ancient Greek, use the ISO 639-3 code grc | | | Kalaallisut, Greenlandic | kl | kal | kal | Individual | Living | Kalaallisut | | | | | Guarani | gn | grn | grn + 5 | Macrolanguage | Living | Avañe'ẽ | | | | | Gujarati | gu | guj | guj | Individual | Living | ગુજરાતી (Gujarātī) | | | | | Haitian, Haitian Creole | ht | hat | hat | Individual | Living | Kreyòl ayisyen | | | | | Hausa | ha | hau | hau | Individual | Living | هَرْشٜن هَوْس (halshen Hausa) | Hausan | | | | Hebrew | he | heb | heb | Individual | Living | עברית‎ (Ivrit) | Modern Hebrew. Code changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, iw.[3] | | | | Herero | hz | her | her | Individual | Living | Otjiherero | | | | | Hindi | hi | hin | hin | Individual | Living | हिन्दी (Hindī) | | | | | Hiri Motu | ho | hmo | hmo | Individual | Living | Hiri Motu | Police Motu; | | | | Hungarian | hu | hun | hun | Individual | Living | Magyar nyelv | | | | | Icelandic | is | isl | ice | isl | Individual | Living | Íslenska | | | | Ido | io | ido | ido | Individual | Constructed in 1907 by Louis de Beaufront as variation of Esperanto | Ido | | | | | Igbo | ig | ibo | ibo | Individual | Living | ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò | | | | | Indonesian | id | ind | ind | Individual | Living | bahasa Indonesia | covered by macrolanguage ms/msa. Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, in.[3] | | | | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) | ia | ina | ina | Individual | Constructed by the International Auxiliary Language Association | Interlingua | | | | | Interlingue, Occidental | ie | ile | ile | Individual | Constructed by Edgar de Wahl, first published in 1922 | Interlingue; Occidental | | | | | Inuktitut | iu | iku | iku + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ (Inuktitut) | | | | | Inupiaq | ik | ipk | ipk + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Iñupiaq | | | | | Irish | ga | gle | gle | Individual | Living | Gaeilge | | | | | Italian | it | ita | ita | Individual | Living | Italiano | | | | | Japanese | ja | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 日本語 (Nihongo) | | | | | Javanese | jv | jav | jav | Individual | Living | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ; basa Jawa | | | | | Kannada | kn | kan | kan | Individual | Living | ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannađa) | Kannadan | | | | Kanuri | kr | kau | kau + 3 | Macrolanguage | Living | كَنُرِيِه; Kànùrí | | | | | Kashmiri | ks | kas | kas | Individual | Living | कॉशुर; كأشُر (Kosher) | | | | | Kazakh | kk | kaz | kaz | Individual | Living | Қазақша; Qazaqşa | | | | | Central Khmer | km | khm | khm | Individual | Living | ខេមរភាសា; (Khémôrôphéasa) | Khmer;Cambodian | | | | Kikuyu, Gikuyu | ki | kik | kik | Individual | Living | Gĩgĩkũyũ | | | | | Kinyarwanda | rw | kin | kin | Individual | Living | Ikinyarwanda | Rwandan | | | | Kirghiz, Kyrgyz | ky | kir | kir | Individual | Living | Кыргызча; Kırgızça | | | | | Komi | kv | kom | kom + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Коми кыв | Zyran; Zyrian; Komi-Zyryan | | | | Kongo | kg | kon | kon + 3 | Macrolanguage | Living | Kikongo | | | | | Korean | ko | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 한국어 (Hangugeo)조선말 (Chosŏnmal) | | | | | Kuanyama, Kwanyama | kj | kua | kua | Individual | Living | Oshikwanyama | Cuanhama | | | | Kurdish | ku | kur | kur + 3 | Macrolanguage | Living | کوردی; Kurdî | | | | | Lao | lo | lao | lao | Individual | Living | ພາສາລາວ (phasa Lao) | | | | | Latin | la | lat | lat | Individual | Ancient | Latinum | | | | | Latvian | lv | lav | lav + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Latviski | | | | | Limburgan, Limburger, Limburgish | li | lim | lim | Individual | Living | Lèmburgs | | | | | Lingala | ln | lin | lin | Individual | Living | Lingála | Ngala | | | | Lithuanian | lt | lit | lit | Individual | Living | Lietuviškai | | | | | Luba-Katanga | lu | lub | lub | Individual | Living | Kiluba | Luba-Shaba | | | | Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch | lb | ltz | ltz | Individual | Living | Lëtzebuergesch | Luxembourgian | | | | Macedonian | mk | mkd | mac | mkd | Individual | Living | Македонски (Makedonski) | | | | Malagasy | mg | mlg | mlg + 11 | Macrolanguage | Living | مَلَغَسِ; Malagasy | | | | | Malay | ms | msa | may | msa + 36 | Macrolanguage | Living | بهاس ملايو (bahasa Melayu) | Standard Malay is zsm, Indonesian is id/ind | | | Malayalam | ml | mal | mal | Individual | Living | മലയാളം (Malayāļã) | | | | | Maltese | mt | mlt | mlt | Individual | Living | Malti | | | | | Manx | gv | glv | glv | Individual | Living | Gaelg; Gailck | | | | | Maori | mi | mri | mao | mri | Individual | Living | reo Māori | | | | Marathi | mr | mar | mar | Individual | Living | मराठी (Marāṭhī) | Maharashtran | | | | Marshallese | mh | mah | mah | Individual | Living | kajin M̧ajel‌̧ | Ebon | | | | Mongolian | mn | mon | mon + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ; Монгол хэл (Mongol xel) | | | | | Nauru | na | nau | nau | Individual | Living | dorerin Naoe | Nauruan | | | | Navajo, Navaho | nv | nav | nav | Individual | Living | Diné bizaad; Naabeehó bizaad | | | | | North Ndebele | nd | nde | nde | Individual | Living | isiNdebele; saseNyakatho; Mthwakazi Ndebele | Northern Ndebele | | | | South Ndebele | nr | nbl | nbl | Individual | Living | isiNdebele; sakwaNdzundza | Southern Ndebele | | | | Ndonga | ng | ndo | ndo | Individual | Living | Ndonga | | | | | Nepali | ne | nep | nep + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | नेपाली भाषा (Nepālī bhāśā) | Nepalese | | | | Norwegian | no | nor | nor + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Norsk | Bokmål is nb/nob, Nynorsk is nn/nno | | | | Norwegian Bokmål | nb | nob | nob | Individual | Living | Norsk Bokmål | covered by macrolanguage no/nor | | | | Norwegian Nynorsk | nn | nno | nno | Individual | Living | Norsk Nynorsk | covered by macrolanguage no/nor | | | | Occitan | oc | oci | oci | Individual | Living | Occitan; Provençal | Provential | | | | Ojibwa | oj | oji | oji + 7 | Macrolanguage | Living | ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ (Anishinaabemowin) | Ojibwe; Ojibway; Otchipwe; Ojibwemowin | | | | Oriya | or | ori | ori + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | ଓଡ଼ିଆ (Odia) | Odian; Odishan | | | | Oromo | om | orm | orm + 4 | Macrolanguage | Living | afaan Oromoo | | | | | Ossetian, Ossetic | os | oss | oss | Individual | Living | дигорон Ӕвзаг(digoron Ævzag) | | | | | Pali | pi | pli | pli | Individual | Ancient | Pāli | | | | | Pashto, Pushto | ps | pus | pus + 3 | Macrolanguage | Living | پښتو (Pax̌tow) | | | | | Persian | fa | fas | per | fas + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | فارسی (Fārsiy) | Farsi | | | Polish | pl | pol | pol | Individual | Living | Polski | | | | | Portuguese | pt | por | por | Individual | Living | Português | | | | | Punjabi, Panjabi | pa | pan | pan | Individual | Living | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; پنجابی (Pãjābī) | | | | | Quechua | qu | que | que + 43 | Macrolanguage | Living | Runa simi; kichwa simi; Nuna shimi | | | | | Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan | ro | ron | rum | ron | Individual | Living | Românã | the identifiers mo and mol for Moldavian are deprecated. They will not be assigned to different items, and recordings using these identifiers will not be invalid. | | | Romansh | rm | roh | roh | Individual | Living | Rumantsch; Rumàntsch; Romauntsch; Romontsch | | | | | Rundi | rn | run | run | Individual | Living | Ikirundi | Kirundi | | | | Russian | ru | rus | rus | Individual | Living | Русский язык (Russkiĭ âzyk) | | | | | Northern Sami | se | sme | sme | Individual | Living | Davvisámegiella | | | | | Samoan | sm | smo | smo | Individual | Living | gagana Sāmoa | | | | | Sango | sg | sag | sag | Individual | Living | yângâ tî Sängö | Sangoic | | | | Sanskrit | sa | san | san + 2 | Macrolanguage | Ancient | संस्कृतम् (Saṃskṛtam) | | | | | Sardinian | sc | srd | srd + 4 | Macrolanguage | Living | Sardu | | | | | Serbian | sr | srp | srp | Individual | Living | Српски (Srpski) | the ISO 639-2/T code srp deprecated the ISO 639-2/B code scc[4] | | | | Shona | sn | sna | sna | Individual | Living | chiShona | | | | | Sindhi | sd | snd | snd | Individual | Living | سنڌي; सिन्धी (Sindhī) | | | | | Sinhala, Sinhalese | si | sin | sin | Individual | Living | සිංහල (Siṁhala) | | | | | Slovak | sk | slk | slo | slk | Individual | Living | Slovenčina | | | | Slovenian | sl | slv | slv | Individual | Living | Slovenščina | Slovene | | | | Somali | so | som | som | Individual | Living | Soomaali; 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘; سٝومالِ | Somalian | | | | Southern Sotho | st | sot | sot | Individual | Living | Sesotho | | | | | Spanish, Castilian | es | spa | spa | Individual | Living | Español; Castellano | | | | | Sundanese | su | sun | sun | Individual | Living | basa Sunda; ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ; بَاسَا سُوْندَا | | | | | Swahili | sw | swa | swa + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Kiswahili; كِسوَحِيلِ | | | | | Swati | ss | ssw | ssw | Individual | Living | siSwati | Swazi | | | | Swedish | sv | swe | swe | Individual | Living | Svenska | | | | | Tagalog | tl | tgl | tgl | Individual | Living | Wikang Tagalog | note: Filipino (Pilipino) has the code fil | | | | Tahitian | ty | tah | tah | Individual | Living | reo Tahiti | One of the Reo Mā`ohi (languages of French Polynesia)[5] | | | | Tajik | tg | tgk | tgk | Individual | Living | Тоҷикӣ (Tojikī) | | | | | Tamil | ta | tam | tam | Individual | Living | தமிழ் (Tamiḻ) | Tamizh | | | | Tatar | tt | tat | tat | Individual | Living | Татар теле;Tatar tele; تاتار تئلئ‎ | | | | | Telugu | te | tel | tel | Individual | Living | తెలుగు (Telugu) | | | | | Thai | th | tha | tha | Individual | Living | ภาษาไทย (Phasa Thai) | Central Thai; Siamese | | | | Tibetan | bo | bod | tib | bod | Individual | Living | བོད་སྐད་ (Bodskad);ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་ (Lhas'iskad) | Standard Tibetan | | | Tigrinya | ti | tir | tir | Individual | Living | ትግርኛ (Təgrəñña) | Tigrigna | | | | Tonga (Tonga Islands) | to | ton | ton | Individual | Living | lea faka-Tonga | Tongan | | | | Tsonga | ts | tso | tso | Individual | Living | Xitsonga | | | | | Tswana | tn | tsn | tsn | Individual | Living | Setswana | Sechuana | | | | Turkish | tr | tur | tur | Individual | Living | Türkçe | | | | | Turkmen | tk | tuk | tuk | Individual | Living | Türkmençe;Түркменче; تۆرکمنچه | | | | | Twi | tw | twi | twi | Individual | Living | Twi | covered by macrolanguage ak/aka | | | | Uighur, Uyghur | ug | uig | uig | Individual | Living | ئۇيغۇر تىلى;Уйғур тили; Uyƣur tili | | | | | Ukrainian | uk | ukr | ukr | Individual | Living | Українська (Ukraїnska) | | | | | Urdu | ur | urd | urd | Individual | Living | اُردُو (Urduw) | | | | | Uzbek | uz | uzb | uzb + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | Ózbekça;ўзбекча; ئوزبېچه | | | | | Venda | ve | ven | ven | Individual | Living | Tshivenḓa | | | | | Vietnamese | vi | vie | vie | Individual | Living | tiếng Việt | | | | | Volapük | vo | vol | vol | Individual | Constructed in 1879-80 by Johann Martin Schleyer | Volapük | | | | | Walloon | wa | wln | wln | Individual | Living | Walon | | | | | Welsh | cy | cym | wel | cym | Individual | Living | Cymraeg | | | | Wolof | wo | wol | wol | Individual | Living | وࣷلࣷفْ | | | | | Xhosa | xh | xho | xho | Individual | Living | isiXhosa | | | | | Sichuan Yi, Nuosu | ii | iii | iii | Individual | Living | ꆈꌠꉙ (Nuosuhxop) | Northern Yi; Liangshan Yi | standard form of the Yi languages | | | Yiddish | yi | yid | yid + 2 | Macrolanguage | Living | ייִדיש (Yidiš) | Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, ji.[3] | | | | Yoruba | yo | yor | yor | Individual | Living | èdè Yorùbá | | | | | Zhuang, Chuang | za | zha | zha + 16 | Macrolanguage | Living | 話僮 (Vahcuengh_)_ | | | | | Zulu | zu | zul | zul | Individual | Living | isiZulu | | | |

Notes

1. ^ For reference only, alternate names are not included in the ISO standard.

Table of all possible two-letter codes

[edit]

Decoding table of ISO 639 alpha-2 codes (set 1)

1. ^ "ISO 639:2023 Code for individual languages and language groups". International Organization for Standardization. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-12-17. This document specifies the ISO 639 language code and establishes the harmonized terminology and general principles of language coding.
2. ^ "Access to the databases of the ISO 639 Language Code" (PDF). International Organization for Standardization. 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
3. ^ a b c Cover, Robin. "Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989". xml.coverpages.org. Archived from the original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
4. ^ "Code Changes". ISO 639-2. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
5. ^ Charpentier, Jean-Michel; François, Alexandre (2015). Atlas Linguistique de Polynésie Française — Linguistic Atlas of French Polynesia (in French and English). Mouton de Gruyter & Université de la Polynésie Française. p. 106. ISBN 978-3-11-026035-9. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2021-01-22.

• Official ISO 639 list at the Library of Congress
• meta:Template:List of language names ordered by code on Wikimedia