ἀνήρ - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ἀνὴρ Σωκράτης καλούμενος (Anḕr Sōkrátēs kaloúmenos) by Domenico Anderson (1854-1938).

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), Latin neriosus and Old Irish nert.

In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.

ᾰ̓νήρ • (ănḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

  1. man (adult male)
  2. husband
  3. human being, as opposed to a god
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:
      τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε
      tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te
      Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her
    • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
      ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
      οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
      τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.
      akíndunoi d’ aretaì
      oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
      tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.
      But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).

With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.

Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὡνήρhōnḗr — ὧνδρεςhôndres
Genitive τᾱ̓νδρόςtāndrós — —
Dative τᾱ̓νδρῐ́tāndrĭ́ — —
Accusative — — —
Vocative — — —
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.