仙 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
See also: 仚
Stroke order |
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仙 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人山 (OU), four-corner 22270, composition ⿰亻山)
- 𣳈, 苮, 𥬍, 𬏣
- 僊 (archaic form of 仙)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 374
- Dae Jaweon: page 196, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 114, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4ED9
Historical forms of the character 仙 |
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Transcribed ancient scriptsL31826L31827L31828L06560L06561L06562L06563L06564L06565 |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |
| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------------------ | | 山 | *sreːn | | 疝 | *sreːn, *sraːns | | 邖 | *sreːn | | 汕 | *sreːnʔ, *sraːns | | 訕 | *sraːn, *sraːns | | 仙 | *sen | | 秈 | *sen | | 苮 | *sen | | 屾 | *srin |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sen) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn, “mountain”) — a person moving into a mountain to practise becoming immortal.
Originally 僊. The current form is first attested in the clerical script of the Han dynasty.
simp. and trad. | 仙 |
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alternative forms | 僊仚屳㒨 ancient僲僊仚屳㒨 ancient僲𠑗 ancient𠏡 |
A relatively late word, perhaps Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གཤེན (gshen, “shaman”), as in Tibetan གཤེན་རབ (gshen rab, “Shenrab”), the founder of the Tibetan religion Bon, although this might be a loan from Chinese (ibid.). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s[ă]n (“a kind of demon”), comparing it to Tibetan བསེན་མོ (bsen mo, “female devil”) and Jingpho sawn (“malignant female nat”).
- Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiān (xian1)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian1 - Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sin1
(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhen1 - Gan (Wiktionary): xien1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): síng
- Eastern Min (BUC): siĕng
- Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sian
(Teochew, Peng'im): siêng1 / siang1 - Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
* Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
* Tongyong Pinyin: sian
* Wade–Giles: hsien1
* Yale: syān
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
* Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ - (Chengdu)
* Sichuanese Pinyin: xian1
* Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: sin1
* Yale: sīn
* Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
* Guangdong Romanization: xin1
* Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/ - (Taishanese, Taicheng)
* Wiktionary: lhen1
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɬen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
* Wiktionary: xien1
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
* Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
* Hakka Romanization System: xienˊ
* Hagfa Pinyim: xian1
* Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
* Wiktionary: xie1
* Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
* Kienning Colloquial Romanized: síng
* Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
* Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕng
* Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian
* Tâi-lô: sian
* Phofsit Daibuun: siefn
* IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn⁴⁴/
* IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn³³/
* IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁴⁴/
* IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁴⁴/
* IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴⁴/ - (Teochew)
* Peng'im: siêng1 / siang1
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sieng / siang
* Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ³³/, /siaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
siêng1 - Chaozhou;
siang1 - Shantou.
- Dialectal data
Middle Chinese: sjen
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]a[r]/
(Zhengzhang): /*sen/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
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Character | 仙 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) | xiān |
MiddleChinese | ‹ sjen › |
OldChinese | /*[s]a[r]/ |
English | immortal (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
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Character | 仙 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 11060 |
Phoneticcomponent | 山 |
Rimegroup | 元 |
Rimesubdivision | 2 |
CorrespondingMC rime | 仙 |
OldChinese | /*sen/ |
仙
- (Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)
- (figurative) extraordinary person
詩仙/诗仙 ― shīxiān ― great poet; epithet of Li Bai - (agent affix, chiefly Southern Min, honorific) expert; a title for a person with a specific expertise
相命仙 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― siòng-miā-sian [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― fortuneteller - (agent affix, chiefly Southern Min, ironic) person with some specific hobby or addiction
筊仙 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― kiáu-sian [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― gambler - a euphemism for the deceased
仙逝 ― xiānshì ― to pass away - (Southern Min) Classifier for deity, idol, statue, doll. Alternative form of 身 (sian)
Synonym: 尊 (zūn)
大仙的王爺公,細仙的王爺囝。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, _trad._]
大仙的王爷公,细仙的王爷囝。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, _simp._]
Tōa sian--ê ông-iâ kong, sè sian--ê ông-iâ kiáⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
(idiomatic) Idols of Wang Ye's are everywhere. Literally, “The bigger idol is a senior Wang Ye; the smaller idol is a junior Wang Ye.” - (Southern Min) (with negative) whatsoever, any way
仙講都毋聽/仙讲都毋听 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― sian kóng to m̄ thiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― won't listen (to you) no matter what you say - a surname
Others:
→ Thai: เซียน (siian) (via Hokkien)
仙丹 (xiāndān)
仙人 (xiānrén, “sage”)
仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng)
仙人渡 (Xiānréndù)
仙人跳 (xiānréntiào)
仙后座 (Xiānhòuzuò)
仙境 (xiānjìng, “wonderland”)
仙女 (xiānnǚ, “female sage”)
仙女山 (Xiānnǚshān)
仙女座 (Xiānnǚzuò)
仙姑 (xiāngū)
仙子 (xiānzǐ)
仙居 (xiānjū)
仙巴掌 (Min Nan)
仙拚仙 (Min Nan)
仙方 (xiānfāng)
仙桃 (xiāntáo, “Peaches of Immortality”)
仙王座 (Xiānwángzuò)
仙界 (xiānjiè)
仙茅 (xiānmáo)
仙草 (xiāncǎo)
仙逝 (xiānshì)
仙骨 (xiāngǔ)
修仙 (xiūxiān)
做仙 (Min Nan)
假仙 (Min Nan)
八仙 (bāxiān)
八仙桌 (bāxiānzhuō)
八仙花 (bāxiānhuā)
地理仙 (Min Nan)
大仙 (dàxiān)
天仙 (tiānxiān)
懵仙 (Min Nan)
成仙 (“becoming immortal”)
扮仙 (Min Nan)
散仙 (Min Nan)
歌仔仙 (Min Nan)
水仙 (shuǐxiān)
洞仙 (dòngxiān)
狐仙 (húxiān)
甲仙 (Jiǎxiān)
登仙 (dēngxiān)
看命仙 (Min Nan)
神仙 (shénxiān)
神仙中人 (shénxiānzhōngrén)
秋水仙素 (qiūshuǐxiānsù)
筊仙 (Min Nan)
臭屁仙 (Min Nan)
英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
莆仙 (Pú-Xiān)
虎膦仙 (Min Nan)
赤跤仙仔 (Min Nan)
走街仔仙 (Min Nan)
酒仙 (jiǔxiān)
真人 (zhēnrén)
simp. and trad. | 仙 |
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alternative forms | 銑/铣 Min Nan |
- Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiān (xian1)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ - Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sin1
(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhen2 - Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sián / sian
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
* Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
* Tongyong Pinyin: sian
* Wade–Giles: hsien1
* Yale: syān
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
* Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: sin1
* Yale: sīn
* Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
* Guangdong Romanization: xin1
* Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/ - (Taishanese, Taicheng)
* Wiktionary: lhen2
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɬen⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sián
* Tâi-lô: sián
* Phofsit Daibuun: siern
* IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siɛn⁵³/
* IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴¹/ - (Hokkien: Philippines)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian
* Tâi-lô: sian
* Phofsit Daibuun: siefn
* IPA (Philippines): /siɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
仙
- (Cantonese, Southern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Mandarin) cent (Classifier: 個/个 c)
五仙硬幣/五仙硬币 [Cantonese] ― ng5 sin1 ngaang6 bai6 [Jyutping] ― five-cent coin
佢係私生子,佢老豆死嗰陣一個仙都冇分畀佢。 [Cantonese, _trad._]
佢系私生子,佢老豆死嗰阵一个仙都冇分畀佢。 [Cantonese, _simp._]
keoi5 hai6 si1 sang1 zi2, keoi5 lou5 dau6 sei2 go2 zan6 jat1 go3 sin1 dou1 mou5 fan1 bei2 keoi5. [Jyutping]
He is a son born out of wedlock, so when his dad died, he didn't even inherit one cent.
Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]
From clipping of English senior.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: sin1
* Yale: sīn
* Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
* Guangdong Romanization: xin1
* Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
仙 (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang)
仙
Compounds
- 仙(せん)界(かい) (senkai): dwelling place of hermits
- 仙(せん)客(かく) (senkaku): immortal mountain wizard, crane
- 仙(せん)宮(きゅう) (senkyū): hermit's residence, retired emperor's palace
- 仙(せん)境(きょう) (senkyō), 仙(せん)郷(きょう) (senkyō): fairyland, enchanted land
- 仙(せん)窟(くつ) (senkutsu): enchanted cave
- 仙(せん)骨(こつ) (senkotsu): sacrum, sacral bone; hermitry
- 仙(さん)術(じゅつ) (sanjutsu): wizardry, secret of immortality
- 仙(せん)女(じょ) (senjo), 仙(せん)女(にょ) (sennyo): fairy, nymph, elf
- 仙(せん)台(だい) (Sendai): Sendai city
- 仙(せん)丹(たん) (sentan): elixir, elixir of life
- 仙(せん)椎(つい) (sentsui): sacral vertebra
- 仙(せん)人(にん) (sennin): immortal mountain wizard, mountain man
- 仙(せん)翁(のう) (sennō): Lychnis species
- 仙(せん)薬(やく) (sen'yaku): panacea, elixir of life
- 仙(せん)蓼(りょう) (senryō): Sarcandra glabra (formerly Chloranthus glaber)
- 仙人掌(さぼてん) (saboten): cactus
- 仙(せん)花(か)紙(し) (senkashi): reclaimed paper
- 仙(せん)洞(とう)御(ご)所(しょ) (sentō gosho): palace of a retired emperor
- 求(きゅう)仙(せん) (kyūsen), 九(きゅう)仙(せん) (kyūsen), 気宇(きゅう)仙(せん) (kyūsen): multicolorfin rainbowfish
- 詩(し)仙(せん) (shisen): great poet
- 神(しん)仙(せん) (shinsen): immortal mountain wizard, Taoist immortal, supernatural being
- 酒(しゅ)仙(せん) (shusen): heavy drinker
- 水(すい)仙(せん) (suisen): daffodil, narcissus
- 登(とう)仙(せん) (tōsen): becoming a saint, death of a high-ranking person
- 銘(めい)仙(せん) (meisen): meisen silk
- 腰(よう)仙(せん) (yōsen): lumbosacral
- 天仙果(いぬびわ) (inubiwa): Ficus erecta, species of fig
- 鳳(ほう)仙(せん)花(か) (hōsenka): balsam
- 雲(うん)仙(ぜん)岳(だけ) (Unzendake): mountain in Nagasaki Prefecture
- 三(さん)仙(せん)叉(さ) (sansensa): trident dagger
- 画(が)仙(せん)紙(し) (gasenshi): drawing paper
- 中(なか)仙(せん)道(どう) (Nakasendō): Nakasendo, Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway
- 阿(あ)仙(せん)薬(やく) (asen'yaku): gambir, gambier, catechu, cutch
- 神(しん)仙(せん)思(し)想(そう) (shinsen shisō): Shenxian thought
- 黄(き)水(ずい)仙(せん) (kizuisen), 黄(き)水(すい)仙(せん) (kisuisen): jonquil
- 夏(なつ)水(ずい)仙(せん) (natsuzuisen): belladonna lily
- 羽(う)化(か)登(とう)仙(せん) (uka tōsen): sense of release
- 鍾(しょう)馗(き)水(ずい)仙(せん) (shōkizuisen): Lycoris aurea (formerly Lycoris traubii), species of spider lily
- 喇(らっ)叭(ぱ)水(ずい)仙(せん) (rappazuisen): trumpet daffodil
Kanji in this term |
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仙 |
せんGrade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 仙 (MC sjen, literally “immortal”). Compare modern Mandarin reading xiān and Cantonese reading sin1.
- a sage or hermit, an enlightened person, usually immortal and ageless
- (mythology) short for 仙人 (sennin): a wizard or mage; an immortal living as a hermit in the mountains
- by extension, the region or area where a sennin lives
- the supernatural techniques for becoming immortal and ageless
- a person of exceptional talent
Kanji in this term |
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仙 |
せんとGrade: S |
irregular |
Borrowed from English cent.[1][2] The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun.
For pronunciation and definitions of 仙 – see the following entry. |
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【セント】 [noun] [1860] cent (various national currencies, 1⁄100 of a unit) [noun] [1872] saint |
(This term, 仙, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.) |
This word is almost always spelled in katakana as セント.
- 弗(ドル) (doru)
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
From Middle Chinese 仙 (MC sjen). Recorded as Middle Korean 션 (syen) (Yale: syen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [선]
仙 (eumhun 신선 선 (sinseon seon))
Compounds
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
仙