市 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.
市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)
Additional Derived Characters
Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF), which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.
| simp. and trad. | 市 |
|---|
Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯʔ): semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).
Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shì (shi4)
(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шы (šɨ, III) - Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si5
(Taishan, Wiktionary): si4 / si4* - Gan (Wiktionary): si5
- Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ
(Hailu, HRS): shi˖
(Meixian, Guangdong): si4 - Jin (Wiktionary): si3
- Northern Min (KCR): chī
- Eastern Min (BUC): chê
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ci5 / si5
- Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhī / chhǐ / sī / sǐ
(Teochew, Peng'im): ci6 - Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr5 / shr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: shì
* Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
* Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
* Wade–Giles: shih4
* Yale: shr̀
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
* Palladius: ши (ši)
* Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ - (Dungan)
* Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, III)
* Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: si5
* Yale: síh
* Cantonese Pinyin: si5
* Guangdong Romanization: xi5
* Sinological IPA (key): /siː¹³/ - (Taishanese, Taicheng)
* Wiktionary: si4 / si4*
* Sinological IPA (key): /si²¹/, /si²¹⁻²¹⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
* Wiktionary: si5
* Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
* Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
* Hakka Romanization System: sii
* Hagfa Pinyim: si4
* Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/ - (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
* Hakka Romanization System: shi˖
* Sinological IPA: /ʃi³³/ - (Meixian)
* Guangdong: si4
* Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
* Wiktionary: si3
* Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
* Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chī
* Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
* Bàng-uâ-cê: chê
* Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: ci5
* Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chī
* Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi²¹/ - (Putian, Xianyou)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: si5
* Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sī
* Sinological IPA (key): /ɬi²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
ci5 - vernacular;
si5 - literary.
-
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhī
* Tâi-lô: tshī
* Phofsit Daibuun: chi
* IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi³³/
* IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/ - (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǐ
* Tâi-lô: tshǐ
* IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sʰi³³/
* IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/ - (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
* Tâi-lô: sī
* Phofsit Daibuun: si
* IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si³³/
* IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/ - (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
* Tâi-lô: sǐ
* IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
sī/sǐ - literary.
- (Teochew)
* Peng'im: ci6
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshĭ
* Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi³⁵/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- shr5 - vernacular;
- shr4 - literary.
Middle Chinese: dzyiX
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]əʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*djɯʔ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 市 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| ModernBeijing(Pinyin) | shì |
| MiddleChinese | ‹ dzyiX › |
| OldChinese | /*C.[d]əʔ/ |
| English | market (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 市 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11611 |
| Phoneticcomponent | 市 |
| Rimegroup | 之 |
| Rimesubdivision | 0 |
| CorrespondingMC rime | 市 |
| OldChinese | /*djɯʔ/ |
市
- city; town
- market; fair
- to trade; to do business
- to buy
- to sell
- (Cantonese) market situation; especially the stock market
- (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) business situation (buy and sell of goods)
上市 (shàngshì)
三藩市 (Sānfānshì)
予市 (Yǔshì)
互市 (hùshì)
休市 (xiūshì)
利市 (lìshì)
坊市 (fángshì)
城市 (chéngshì)
城市病 (chéngshìbìng)
墟市 (xūshì)
夜市 (yèshì)
姊妹市 (zǐmèishì)
小市民 (xiǎoshìmín)
尚市 (Shàngshì)
市中心 (shìzhōngxīn)
市井 (shìjǐng)
市井之徒 (shìjǐngzhītú)
市公所 (shìgōngsuǒ)
市容 (shìróng)
市尺 (shìchǐ)
市府 (shìfǔ)
市政 (shìzhèng)
市政府 (shìzhèngfǔ)
市斤 (shìjīn)
市曹 (shìcáo)
市民 (shìmín)
市立 (shìlì)
市肆 (shìsì)
市舶司 (shìbósī)
市花 (shìhuā)
市道 (shìdào)
市郊 (shìjiāo)
市集 (shìjí)
市面 (shìmiàn)
收市 (shōushì)
新市 (Xīnshì)
曹市 (Cáoshì)
本市 (běnshì)
梅市 (Méishì)
欺行霸市 (qīhángbàshì)
毛市 (Máoshì)
水市 (Shuǐshì)
沙市 (Shāshì)
涴市 (Yuānshì)
港市 (gǎngshì)
秦市 (Qínshì)
羊市 (Yángshì)
股市 (gǔshì)
胡志明市 (Hú Zhìmíng Shì)
花市 (huāshì)
茶市 (cháshì)
菜市 (càishì)
菜市口 (Càishìkǒu)
董市 (Dǒngshì)
行市 (hángshì)
街市 (jiēshì)
街河市 (Jiēhéshì)
都市 (dūshì)
都市化 (dūshìhuà)
都市病 (dūshìbìng)
集市 (jíshì)
面市 (miànshì)
黑市 (hēishì)
“市”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “市”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 211.
市
市(し)営(えい) (shiei)
市(し)外(がい) (shigai)
市(し)街(がい) (shigai)
市(いち)場(ば) (ichiba)
市(し)井(せい) (shisei)
市(し)販(はん) (shihan)
市(し)有(ゆう) (shiyū)
市(し)立(りつ) (shiritsu)
市(いち)松(まつ)模(も)様(よう) (ichimatsumoyō)
市(し)長(ちょう) (shichō): mayor
市(し)役(やく)所(しょ) (shiyakusho): city hall
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 市 |
| いちGrade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese 市 (ichi). Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 市 |
| しGrade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
When compounding, similar to 都 (-to), 道 (-dō), 府 (-fu), 県 (-ken) and 町 (chō), makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:
- 大阪 (おおさか) + 市 → 大阪市 (おおさかꜜし)
- 佐久 (さく) + 市 → 佐久市 (さくꜜし)
- 仙台 (せꜜんだい) + 市 → 仙台市 (せんだꜜいし; い is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
- 五條 (ごꜜじょう) + 市 → 五條市 (ごじょꜜうし; う is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
- 日進 (にꜜっしん) + 市 → 日進市 (にっしꜜんし; ん is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
From Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [시**(ː)**]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
- (only in compounds) market
- (only in compounds) city, town