牠 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 它

牠 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹手心木 (HQPD), four-corner 24512, composition ⿰牜也)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19931
• Dae Jaweon: page 1109, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1803, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7260

it (all non-human objects)

In Qian Xuantong's discussion on the creation of new vernacular pronouns, advocates for this form intended to evoke the left radical of 物 (wù, “thing”) rather than having the semantic implications of 牛 (niú, “bovine”).[1]

• Mandarin
  (Pinyin): tā (ta1)
  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ
• Cantonese (Jyutping): taa1
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thaⁿ / tha / tho
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ta

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: tā
    * Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: ta
    * Wade–Giles: tʻa1
    * Yale: tā
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
    * Palladius: та (ta)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /tʰä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: taa1
    * Yale: tā
    * Cantonese Pinyin: taa1
    * Guangdong Romanization: ta1
    * Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thaⁿ
    * Tâi-lô: thann
    * Phofsit Daibuun: tvaf
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰã³³/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰã⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha
    * Tâi-lô: tha
    * Phofsit Daibuun: taf
    * IPA (Xiamen): /tʰa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tho
    * Tâi-lô: tho
    * Phofsit Daibuun: toy
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ⁴⁴/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰo³³/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tʰo⁴⁴/

Note:

• thaⁿ/tha - vernacular;

• tho - literary.

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 1ta
    * MiniDict: ta平
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1ta
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ta⁵³/

牠

1. (animal) it
   狗餓了，所以我們餵牠吃東西。 [MSC, _trad._]
   狗饿了，所以我们喂它吃东西。 [MSC, _simp._]
   Gǒu è le, suǒyǐ wǒmen wèi tā chī dōngxī. [Pinyin]
   The dog was hungry, so we fed it.
2. (obsolete) Synonym of 它
   懂得世界勢力最大的語言⸺中國的國語⸺的人們！你應該怎樣培養牠，發揚牠？ [MSC, _trad._]
   懂得世界势力最大的语言⸺中国的国语⸺的人们！你应该怎样培养它，发扬它？ [MSC, _simp._]
   From: 樂嗣炳 著：“世界勢力最大的語言”
   Dǒngdé shìjiè shìlì zuìdà de yǔyán ⸺ Zhōngguó de Guóyǔ ⸺ de rénmen! Nǐ yìnggāi zěnyàng péiyǎng tā, fāyáng tā? [Pinyin]
   Those who understand the most influential language in the world (that is, the national language of China)! How should you develop and promote it?

• In simplified Chinese, 它 (tā) is used instead for all non-human objects.

• 牠們 / 它们

Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns

| | singular | plural | | | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1st person | — | 我 (wǒ) | 我們／我们 (wǒmen) | | inclusive | 咱們／咱们 (zánmen) | | | | 2nd person | male/indefinite | 你 (nǐ) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) | | female | 妳／你 (nǐ) | 妳們／你们 (nǐmen) | | | deity | 祢 (nǐ) | 祢們／祢们 (nǐmen) | | | polite | 您 (nín) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen)您們／您们 (nínmen) | | | 3rd person | male/indefinite | 他 (tā) | 他們／他们 (tāmen) | | female | 她 (tā) | 她們／她们 (tāmen) | | | deity | 祂 (tā) | 祂們／祂们 (tāmen) | | | polite | 怹 (tān) | 他們／他们 (tāmen)怹們／怹们 | | | animal | 牠／它 (tā) | 牠們／它们 (tāmen) | | | inanimate | 它 (tā) | 它們／它们 (tāmen) | |

1. ^ 錢玄同: <「他」與「他們」兩個詞兒的分化之討論> 1922

• “牠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

牠

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

• Go-on: た (ta)
• Kan-on: た (ta)

牠: Hán Nôm readings: tha

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.