秦 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 奉, 奏, and 泰

秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)

trad. 秦
simp. # 秦
alternative forms 𥠼𣜈𥘿𥢮𥣠

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ---------------- | | 轃 | *ʔsiːn, *ʔsrin | | 秦 | *zin | | 螓 | *zin | | 臻 | *ʔsrin | | 蓁 | *ʔsrin | | 搸 | *ʔsrin | | 溱 | *ʔsrin | | 榛 | *ʔsrin |

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). The most conservative variant is 𥢮. A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 秦
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) qín
MiddleChinese ‹ dzin ›
OldChinese /*[dz]i[n]/
English Qín (place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 秦
Reading # 1/1
No. 10497
Phoneticcomponent 秦
Rimegroup 眞
Rimesubdivision 1
CorrespondingMC rime 秦
OldChinese /*zin/

秦

  1. (～國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
  2. (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
  3. Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
  4. plain with river
  5. a surname
    秦良玉 ― Qín Liángyù ― Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)
    關公戰秦瓊／关公战秦琼 ― Guān Gōng zhàn Qín Qióng ― Guan Yu fights Qin Qiong
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia夏 (～朝, ～代) 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang商 (～朝, ～代)殷 (～朝, ～代) 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou周 (～朝, ～代) 1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou西周
Eastern Zhou東周 / 东周 Spring and Autumn period春秋
Warring States period戰國 / 战国
Qin秦 (～朝, ～代) 221 – 206 BCE
Han漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) 206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han西漢 / 西汉
Xin新 (～朝)
Eastern Han東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms三國 / 三国 220 – 280 C.E. Wei魏
Shu Han蜀漢 / 蜀汉
Wu吳 / 吴
Jin晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) 265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin西晉 / 西晋
Eastern Jin東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties南北朝 420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties北朝 Northern Wei北魏
Western Wei西魏
Eastern Wei東魏 / 东魏
Northern Zhou北周
Northern Qi北齊 / 北齐
Southern dynasties南朝 Liu Song劉宋 / 刘宋
Southern Qi南齊 / 南齐
Liang梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui隋 (～朝, ～代) 581 – 618 C.E.
Tang唐 (～朝, ～代) 618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms五代十國 / 五代十国 907 – 960 C.E.
Liao遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) 907 – 1125 C.E.
Song宋 (～朝, ～代) 960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song北宋
Southern Song南宋
Western Xia西夏 1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin金 (～朝, ～代) 1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao西遼 / 西辽 1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan元 (～朝, ～代) 1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming明 (～朝, ～代) 1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing清 (～朝, ～代) 1636 – 1912 C.E.
  1. ^ “秦, Qin”, in zdic.net‎[1], (Can we date this quote?)

秦

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. Qin dynasty

Compounds

Kanji in this term
秦
しんJinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC dzin).

秦(しん) • (Shin)

  1. (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
  2. (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
    1. 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
    2. 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
    3. 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
  3. a surname
Kanji in this term
秦
はたJinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

秦(はた) • (Hata)

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
Kanji in this term
秦
はたしんJinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) +‎ 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”, see above).

The 秦 kanji itself has a _kun_-reading of はた (hata).

秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin)

  1. Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)

This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

  1. Qin

秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.