-val - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
-val
Of disputed origin:[1]
- According to the traditional view, developed from Proto-Uralic *wäke (“strength, force”), extended with -l (“obsolete ablative suffix”)
- According to a newer view, from Proto-Uralic *pälä (“half, side”).
Cognate with Northern Mansi -ыл (-yl).
-val/-vel (instrumental case suffix)
- (instrumental case suffix) Variants:
-val is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
anya (“mother”) → _Anyá**val mentem vásárolni._ ― I went to shop with Mother.
-vel is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
zene (“music”) → Zenével szórakoztatta a vendégeket. ― He entertained the guests with music. - When it is added to a word ending in a consonant, the v assimilates to the final consonant, and the final consonant becomes long:
_busz_ (“bus”) + -val → _busszal_ (“by bus”) (unassimilated forms like buszval are nonstandard, occurring in some dialects)
_segítség_ (“help”) + -vel → _segítséggel_ (“with help”)
Hungarian case suffixes
| case | back vowel_a, á, o, ó, u, ú_ | front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded_e, é, i, í_ | rounded_ö, ő, ü, ű_ | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként1 | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től |
- ^ -val in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)