Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰer- - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

Proto-Indo-European

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*ǵʰer-[1]

1. to enclose

• *ǵʰór-tos (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰor-o-
  • >? Ancient Greek: χορός (khorós) (perhaps "encircling/ring dance")
• *ǵʰor-yo-
  • >? Ancient Greek: χόριον (khórion) (perhaps "encircling membrane" or from root below)
• *gʰerdʰ-

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*ǵʰer-[2][3]

1. bowels, intestines

Alternative reconstructions

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• *ǵʰerH-[4][5][6]
• *ǵʰerH-ni-eh₂[2]
  • Latin: hernia (“protruded viscus”) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰor-neh₂[4][5][6][2] (with regular *-oRHC- > *-oRC-, the "Saussure effect")
  • Proto-Albanian: *dźārnā[7]
    * Albanian: zorrë (“gut”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źárˀna
    * Lithuanian: žarnà (“intestine, hose”)
    * Latgalian: zorna (“intestine, hose”)
    * Latvian: zar̂na (“intestine, hose”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *garnō (“intestines”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Ancient Greek: χορδή (khordḗ, “gut, string”) (< *χορνή (*khornḗ)?) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰr̥H-eh₂[4]
  • Sanskrit: हिरा (hirā́, “vein”)
• *ǵʰórH-yo-m
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰóryon
    * >? Ancient Greek: χόριον (khórion) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰr̥H-os[4]
  • Sanskrit: हिर (híra, “band”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *ĵʰr̥H-oh
    * Pashto: ځير (źir, “thin string”)
    * Classical Persian: زیر (zīr, “string; cord; any tiny thing such as string”)
• *ǵʰr̥H-u-[4][5][6]
  • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks (“diviner”)
    * Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌗 (haraspix)
    * Latin: haruspex (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Italic: *hario-
    * Latin: hariolus
  • >? Latin: hīra (“intestine”) (see there for further descendants)

1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 442
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 443
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χορδή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1643-1644
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “žarna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haruspex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
7. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zorrë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 525-526