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Clipping of English Ansus with d as a placeholder.

and

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Ansus.

Old English and

Middle English and

English and

Inherited from Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian än (“and”), Saterland Frisian un (“and”), West Frisian en (“and”), Dutch en, ende (“and”), German und (“and”), German Low German on, un (“and”), Luxembourgish an (“and”), Vilamovian an, ana (“and”), Yiddish און (un), אונ (un), אונד (und), אונ׳ (un', “and”), Danish end (“still; ever; even”), Faroese enn (“still, yet”), Icelandic en (“and”), enn (“still, yet”), Norwegian Bokmål enn (“and”), Norwegian Nynorsk en, enn (“and”), Swedish än (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").

and

  1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
    1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8th c.]
      • c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11:
        Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]
      • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
        Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; […]
      • 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:
        as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly and permanently.
      • 2011 November 5, Mark Townsend, The Guardian:
        ‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’
    2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8th c.]
      • 1991, Jung Chang, Wild Swans:
        When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room.
      • 2011 November 5, Helena Smith, Tom Kington, The Guardian:
        "Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside.
    3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9th c.]
      I'd been walking since sunrise, and I was hungry.
      • 1996, David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor:
        ‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’
      • 2004 August 22, Will Buckley, The Observer:
        One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought.
      • 2007: Jimmy Carr, 8 out of 10 Cats, 13th day of July episode
        Romance is dead; men killed it, and made women clean up the mess.
    4. (obsolete) Yet; but. [10th–17th c.]
    5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (now dated); connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity (now historical); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]
      • 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)‎[2], near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bliss copy, page 1:
        Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
      • 1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter XXVI, in The Jungle, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 26 February 1906, →OCLC:
        In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year.
      • 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 13, in Of Human Bondage:
        [H]e had bought the pen-holder during his last holidays at Blackstable for one and two-pence.
      • 1956, Dodie Smith, (title):
        The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
    6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
      • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
        And these does she apply, for warnings and portents, / And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day.
      • 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):
        Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my!
    7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10th c.]
      • 2011 March 18, Jonathan Watts, The Guardian:
        He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’
    8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10th c.]
      • 1918, George W. E. Russell, Prime Ministers and Some Others:
        The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.
      • 2008 January 29, The Guardian:
        President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy.
    9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
      • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:
        ‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth […].
      • 1914, Saki, ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts:
        ‘And, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair […].’
    10. (now dialectal or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try. [from 14th c.]
      • 1817 (date written), Jane Austen, edited by R[aymond] W[ilson] Chambers, Fragment of a Novel Written by Jane Austen, January–March 1817 […] [Sanditon], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 1925, →OCLC:
        Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection?
      • 1989, James Kelman, A Disaffection:
        Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.
    11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16th c.]
      • 1936, The Labour Monthly, volume XVIII:
        Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes.
      • 1972, Esquire, volume LXXVIII:
        "There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."
    12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17th c.]
      Two and two is/are four.
      • 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson:
        ‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed […].’
      • 1871, Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There:
        ‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?’
  2. (heading) Expressing a condition.
    1. (now US dialect) If; provided that. [from 13th c.]
    2. (obsolete) As if, as though. [15th–17th c.]
  3. (mathematics, logic) Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.

Usage notes

Beginning a sentence with and or other coordinating conjunctions is considered incorrect by classical grammarians arguing that a coordinating conjunction at the start of a sentence has nothing to connect, but use of the word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in narrative and dialogue. The OED provides examples from the 9th century to the 19th century, including one from Shakespeare’s King John: “Arthur. Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? Hubert. Young boy, I must. Arthur. And will you? Hubert. And I will.” It is also used for other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise

(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?—1884 in OED)

and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought

(I’m going to swim. And don’t you dare watch—G. Butler, 1983)

It is, however, poor style to separate short statements into separate sentences when no special effect is needed: I opened the door and I looked into the room (not *I opened the door. And I looked into the room). Combining sentences or starting with in addition or moreover is preferred in formal writing.

And is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas or simply by spaces

(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening city—Penelope Lively, 1987)

In U.S. financial contexts such as check writing, and is often proscribed within full dollar amounts, reserved for use only immediately before the cent value. For instance, 150iswritten"onehundredfifty",whereas"onehundred∗∗and∗∗fifty"isarguablyambiguousandcouldbetakentomean150 is written "one hundred fifty", whereas "one hundred and fifty" is arguably ambiguous and could be taken to mean 150iswritten"onehundredfifty",whereas"onehundred∗∗and∗∗fifty"isarguablyambiguousandcouldbetakentomean100.50 instead. Some even teach that and literally means a decimal point, although a standard writing would at least denote the fractional dollar value as hundredths, e.g. with "/xx".

and (plural ands)

  1. (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.
    Coordinate terms: e, a
    • 2006, Gordon Goodwin, Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Trumpet, page 51:
      The same goes for measure 42, when you begin the phrase on the and of 1, because that kind of lick can easily bog down the time.
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Inherited from Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”).

Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.

and (plural ands)

  1. (UK dialectal) Breath.
  2. (UK dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.
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Inherited from Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.

and (third-person singular simple present ands, present participle anding, simple past and past participle anded)

  1. (UK dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.

From Proto-Turkic *ānt (“oath”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰦 (nt), Turkish ant.

and (definite accusative andı, plural andlar)

  1. oath
    Synonym: əhd
  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Ānt”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, cognate with German Ente, Dutch eend. The Germanic noun derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”), which is also the source of Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττα (nêtta), Lithuanian ántis, Sanskrit आति (ātí).

The sense of "false story" is a semantic loan from French canard.

and c (singular definite anden, plural indefinite ænder)

  1. duck (Anatinae)
  2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

From Proto-Finnic *anti, from the root of andma. Cognate with Finnish anti.

and (genitive anni, partitive andi)

  1. offering, gift
  2. alms, donation
  3. giftedness, talent
  4. act of giving

and

  1. and

and

  1. romanization of 𐌰𐌽𐌳

From Proto-Finnic *anti.

and

  1. gift, present
  2. talent, gift

and

  1. Salaca form of andõ (“to give”)

From Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti.

and

  1. and, and then (connects two elements of a sentence)
    • c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Dedication]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 3, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:
      Nu broþerr Ƿallꞇ͛. broþerͬ min. Affꞇ͛ þe flæsheſſ kĩde⹎ ⁊ broþerͬ mın ı crıſſtenndom. Þurrh fulluhht⹎ ⁊ þurrh troꟕþe⹎ ⁊ broþerr mın ı ꟑodeſſ huſ […]
      Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]
    • c. 1340, Dan Michel, “Þe oþer Godes Heste”, in Ayenbite of Inwyt:
      Ac þe ilke / þet zuereþ hidousliche be god / oþer by his halȝen / and him to-breȝþ / and zayþ him sclondres / þet ne byeþ naȝt to zigge: þe ilke zeneȝeþ dyadliche […]
      But one who / hideously swears by God / or by his emissaries / and who tears him apart / while saying to him lies / that shouldn't be said: they sin grievously. […]
    • c. 1380, Sir Firumbras, lines 4413–4414:
      "Lordes", quaþ Richard, "Buþ noȝt agast, Ac holdeþ forþ ȝour way / an hast & boldeliche doþ ȝour dede […] "
      "Lords", said Richard, "Don't be frightened, but hold your way forwards / and quickly and boldy do your deed […] "
    • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [_et al._], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎[4], published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:8, folio 117, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
      ȝhe amen / I am alpha ⁊ oo þe bigynnyng ⁊ þe ende ſeiþ þe loꝛd god þat is / ⁊ þat was. ⁊ that is to comynge almyȝti
      You, Amen! I am Alpha and O, the beginning and the end, says the Lord God; that is, that was, and that which will come, almighty.
    • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:
      Whan that Auerill wt his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour […]
      When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]
  2. however, yet, but, though. while
  3. if, supposing that, whether.
  4. (rare) As though, like, in a manner suggesting.

and

  1. (Northern) alternative form of onde (“breath”)

Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

and f or m (definite singular anda or anden, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

  1. a duck
  2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

  1. a duck (waterbird)

Declension of and (strong consonant-stem)

feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative and anda ender1 endene1
compound-genitive ande- ― ande- ―

1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.

Landsmål declension of and (strong consonant-stem)

feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative and andi ender1 enderna1
dative ― (andenne) ― andom, ondom
compound-genitive andar- ― ande- ―

1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.

From Old Norse ǫnd.

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ander, definite plural andene)

  1. breath, spirit
    Synonyms: ande, pust

and

  1. imperative of ande

From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisian and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

and

  1. and
    • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30‎[5]:
      Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.
      When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.

and

  1. even; also

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old English and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

and

  1. and

From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.

and

  1. third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b23
      in bélrai .i. is and atá gním tengad isind huiliu labramar-ni
      of speech, i.e. the action of the tongue is in it, in all that we say

and

  1. there
    • c. 850–875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
      Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.
      It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.
  2. then, in that case
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a27
      Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut.
      So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, to wit, body and soul and spirit.

Borrowed from German Amt.

and m inan

  1. (Eastern Greater Poland, Kłodawa, historical) starost's manor house
    Byłem na andzie. ― I was at the starost's manor house.

and

  1. alternative form of an
  1. ^ https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/and_conj1

en and (gräsand) [a (wild) duck (mallard)]

Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).

and c

  1. a wild duck
    mata änderna i parken
    feed the ducks in the park
    1. (especially) a mallard
      Synonym: gräsand

and

  1. archaic form of ant (“oath”)

and

  1. alternative form of an (“and”)
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Jaude and maude.
      Crowds and throngs.
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:
      "steoute and straung,"
      stout and strong;

Inherited from Middle Dutch hant, from Old Dutch hant, from Proto-West Germanic *handu.

and f (plural [please provide])

  1. hand