lung - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Middle English lunge, longe, from Old English lungen, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō, an enlargement of *lungô (“the light organ, lung”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-, whence ultimately also light. Cognate with West Frisian long, Dutch long, German Lunge, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk lunge, Swedish lunga, Icelandic lunga, and also Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje) (lung), Ancient Greek ἐλαφρός (elaphrós, “light in weight”) and perhaps Albanian lungë (“blister, bulge”). Compare Latin levis and Old English lēoht (Modern English light). See also lights (“lungs”). Superseded non-native Middle English pomoun (“lung”), borrowed from Old French poumon, pomon (“lung”).

• enPR: lŭng, (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /ˈlʌŋ/
• (Northern England, Midlands) IPA(key): /lʊŋ/
• (Northern England, Midlands, without the NG-coalescence) IPA(key): /lʊŋɡ/
• Rhymes: -ʌŋ

lung (plural lungs)

1. (anatomy) A biological organ of vertebrates that controls breathing and oxygenates the blood.
   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
     I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
2. (in the plural) Capacity for exercise or exertion; breath.
   He no longer has the lungs to play long rallies like he used to.
3. That which supplies oxygen or fresh air, such as trees, parklands, forest, etc., to a place.
   • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 123:
     Afterwards he found that the vague feeling of alarm had spread to the clients of the underground railway, and that the Sunday excursionists began to return from all the South-Western "lungs" - Barnes, Wimbledon, Richmond Park, Kew, and so forth - at unnaturally early hours[.]

• (organ): (in the plural) bellows (informal or archaic), (in the plural) lights (of an animal, used as food)

• aqualung

• bagpipe lung

• biolung

• bird breeder's lung

• bird fancier's lung

• black lung

• book lung

• brown lung

• diffuse parenchymal lung disease

• farmer's lung

• flock worker's lung

• glitter lung

• green lung

• heart-lung machine

• honeycomb lung

• interstitial lung disease

• iron lung

• Labrador lung

• leather-lunged

• lung buster

• lung-busting

• lung butter

• lung cancer

• lung capacity

• lung dart

• lung-digit syndrome

• lungectomy

• lunged

• lungedness

• lunger

• lung fever

• lung fields

• lungfish

• lung flower

• lungful

• lung-grown

• lungless

• lunglessness

• lung lichen

• lunglike

• lung power

• lung sac

• lung sick

• lungsickness

• lung toilet

• lung volume

• lungworm

• lungwort

• mahogany lung

• midlung

• miller's lung

• miner's lung

• nonlung

• pigeon fancier's lung

• popcorn lung

• smoker's lung

• wet lung syndrome

• whole lung lavage

• woodworker's lung

• wouldn't work in an iron lung

• pneumonic

• pulmonary

• lungu

From Latin longus. Compare Romanian lung.

lung m (feminine lunghe, masculine plural lundz, feminine plural lundzi)

1. long

• lundzest
• larg

From Proto-Central Naga *luŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rV-luŋ.

• IPA(key): /luŋ˩/, [luŋ˩]

lung

1. stone

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎[1], Berkeley: University of California, pages 98, 249
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 165

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luŋ.

lung

1. stone

Ross Perlin (2019), A Grammar of Trung‎[2], Santa Barbara: University of California

• IPA(key): [ˈlʊŋ]
• Hyphenation: lung

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

lung (plural **lung-lung)

1. curve, bend
   Synonym: keluk
2. archer's bow
   Synonym: busur

Inherited from Malay [Term?], from Hokkien [Term?] 籠／笼 (láng, lâng, lông, lóng, “bamboo container”).

lung (plural **lung-lung)

1. bottomless coffin

lung (plural **lung-lung)

1. alternative spelling of long (“large firecracker”)

• “lung”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *luŋ, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *rV-luŋ.

lung

1. stone, rock

lung

1. (Lancashire) alternative form of longe (adverb)

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *luŋ (“stone”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rV-luŋ.

lung

1. stone, rock

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *luŋ (“maggot”).

lung

1. maggot

lung (stem II lun)

1. infested with maggots

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *luŋ (“heart”).

lung

1. heart

• lungngai

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “lung”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

• long (Halligen)

• lüng (Sylt)

From Old Frisian long, from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).

lung (comparative linger or långer, superlative lingst or långst)

1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) long

Inflection of lung (Föhr-Amrum dialect)

| | masculine | feminine /neuter | plural | | | ----------------------- | ---------------- | ------ | ------ | | indefinite | definite | | | | positive | | | | | predicative / adverbial | lung | | | | attributive | lungen | lung | lung | | independent | lungen | | | | partitive | lungs | — | | | comparative | | | | | predicative / adverbial | linger | | | | attributive | lingeren | linger | linger | | independent | lingeren | | | | partitive | lingers | — | | | superlative | | | | | predicative / adverbial | am lingsten | | | | attributive | — | lingst | lingst | | independent | lingsten | | |

Inflection of lung (Mooring dialect)

| | masculine | feminine /neuter | plural | | | | ------------------------- | ---------------- | ------- | ------ | ------- | | indefinite | definite | | | | | positive | | | | | | predicative / adverbial | lung | | | | | attributive / independent | lungen | lunge | lung | lunge | | partitive | lungs | — | | | | comparative | | | | | | predicative / adverbial | långer | | | | | attributive / independent | långeren | långere | långer | långere | | partitive | långers | — | | | | superlative | | | | | | predicative / adverbial | am långsten | | | | | attributive / independent | — | långste | långst | långste |

lung m (oblique and nominative feminine singular lunge)

1. (Anglo-Norman) alternative form of long

• lungement

From the Latin longus (“long”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”).

• IPA(key): /luŋɡ/

lung m or n (feminine singular lungă, plural lungi)

1. long
   Antonym: scurt

• lungan
• lungăreț
• lungi
• lunguieț
• alunga
• prelung
• → Hungarian: lunguj
• → Romani: lùngo
• alungi

From Latin longus.

lung m (feminine singular lunga, masculine plural lungs, feminine plural lungas)

1. long

• (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA(key): [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA(key): [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

lung • (𢥆)

1. (of thought) very hard

lung

1. (only in compounds) loose

• lung lay