asper - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Middle English aspre, from Old French aspre (modern French âpre), from Latin asper (“rough”).
asper (comparative more asper, superlative most asper)
- (obsolete) Rough or harsh; severe, stern, serious.
- 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
An asper sound.
- 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
asper (uncountable)
- (phonetics, obsolete) Rough breathing; a mark (#) indicating that part of a word is aspirated, or pronounced with h before it.
From Middle English asper, from Middle French aspre or Italian aspro, both from Ancient Greek ἄσπρον (áspron), from neuter of ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”), from Latin asper (“rough, newly minted”).
asper (plural aspers)
- (historical) Any one of several small coins, circulated around the eastern Mediterranean area from the 12th to 17th centuries.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
And for ten Aspers you shall daily finde some amongst them, that will give themselves a deepe gash with a Scimitarie, either in their armes or thighes.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- rapes, après, Pears, prase, Spera, presa, apers, spaer, RESPA, pears, Spare, après-, reaps, præs., apres, parse, Rapes, Earps, Presa, aprés, spear, Spear, Peras, spare, pares, sarpe
Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”).[1]
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈas.per/, [ˈäs̠pɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈas.per/, [ˈäsper]
asper (feminine aspera, neuter asperum, comparative asperior, superlative asperrimus, adverb asperē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er_)_
- rough, uneven, coarse
- unrefined, rude
- sharp, newly minted
- harsh, bitter, fierce
Synonyms: ācer, acerbus, frāctus
odia aspera ― bitter hatred
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | asper | aspera | asperum | asperī | asperae | aspera | |
Genitive | asperī | asperae | asperī | asperōrum | asperārum | asperōrum | |
Dative | asperō | asperō | asperīs | ||||
Accusative | asperum | asperam | asperum | asperōs | asperās | aspera | |
Ablative | asperō | asperā | asperō | asperīs | |||
Vocative | asper | aspera | asperum | asperī | asperae | aspera |
Albanian: ashpër
Aromanian: ascuru
Catalan: aspre
French: âpre
Galician: áspero
Greek: άσπρο (áspro)
Italian: aspro
Greek: άσπρος (áspros)
Occitan: aspre
Portuguese: áspero
Romanian: aspru
Spanish: áspero
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “asper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 58
- “asper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “asper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- asper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
- “asper”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “asper”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- pares
asper m or f
- indefinite plural of asp