bacterium - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
3D diagram of a bacterium
Shapes of bacteria
From New Latin bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).
bacterium (plural bacteria or (uncommon, possibly nonstandard) bacteriums)
- (microbiology) A single-celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.
- 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
- 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
In most formal writing, bacterium is the singular form of the noun, and bacteria the plural form. This is in accord with the word's Latin etymology. However, in ordinary speech, some speakers use bacteria as a singular, with plural either bacteria or bacterias. This is usually considered nonstandard.
See also Thesaurus:bacterium
single-celled organism with no nucleus or organelles
- Afrikaans: bakterie (af)
- Albanian: bakter (sq)
- Arabic: جُرْثُومَة (ar) f (jurṯūma)
- Armenian: բակտերիա (hy) (bakteria)
- Asturian: bacteria (ast) f
- Azerbaijani: bakteriya (az)
- Belarusian: бактэ́рыя f (baktéryja)
- Bengali: ব্যাক্টেরিয়া (bêkṭeriẏa)
- Bulgarian: бакте́рия (bg) f (baktérija)
- Burmese: ဗက်တီးရီးယား (my) (bakti:ri:ya:)
- Catalan: bacteri (ca) m
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 細菌 / 细菌 (sai3 kwan2)
Hokkien: 細菌 / 细菌 (zh-min-nan) (sè-khún, suè-khún)
Mandarin: 細菌 / 细菌 (zh) (xìjūn) - Czech: bakterie (cs) f
- Danish: bakterie (da) c
- Dutch: bacterie (nl) f
- Esperanto: bakterio
- Estonian: bakter (et)
- Farefare: bakterium
- Finnish: bakteeri (fi)
- French: bactérie (fr) f
- Galician: bacteria (gl) f
- Georgian: ბაქტერია (bakṭeria)
- German: Bakterium (de) n, Bakterie (de) f
- Greek: βακτήριο (el) n (vaktírio)
- Hebrew: חַיְדַּק \ חידק (he) m (khaydák)
- Hindi: जीवाणु (hi) (jīvāṇu), कीटाणु (hi) m (kīṭāṇu)
- Hungarian: baktérium (hu)
- Icelandic: baktería (is) f, gerill (is) m
- Indonesian: bakteri (id), kuman (id)
- Interlingua: bacterio (ia)
- Italian: batterio (it) m
- Japanese: 細菌 (ja) (さいきん, saikin), バクテリア (ja) (bakuteria)
- Kazakh: бактерия (bakteriä)
- Khmer: បាក់តេរី (km) (bakteerii)
- Korean: 세균(細菌) (ko) (segyun), 박테리아 (ko) (bakteria)
- Kyrgyz: бактерия (ky) (bakteriya)
- Lao: ບັກເຕຣີ (lo) (bak tē rī)
- Latin: bactērium n
- Latvian: baktērija f
- Lithuanian: bakterija f
- Macedonian: бактерија f (bakterija)
- Malay: bakteria (ms), kuman (ms)
- Maori: huakita
- Marathi: जीवाणू m (jīvāṇū)
- Mongolian:
Cyrillic: нян (mn) (njan), бактери (mn) (bakteri)
Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ (niyan), ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ (baktēri) - Norwegian:
Bokmål: bakterie (no) m
Nynorsk: bakterie m - Occitan: bactèri (oc) m, bacteria (oc) f
- Pashto: باکتري f (bākterí), باکتېريا f (bākteryā)
- Persian: باکتری (fa) (bâkteri)
- Polish: bakteria (pl) f
- Portuguese: bactéria (pt) f
- Quechua: añaki (qu)
- Romanian: bacterie (ro) f
- Russian: бакте́рия (ru) f (baktɛ́rija)
- Sanskrit: जीवाणु m (jīvāṇu)
- Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ба̀кте̄рија f
Roman: bàktērija (sh) f - Slovak: baktéria (sk) f
- Slovene: bakterija (sl) f
- Spanish: bacteria (es) f
- Swahili: bakteria (sw)
- Swedish: bakterie (sv) c
- Tagalog: ishay, bakterya
- Tajik: бактерия (tg) (bakteriya)
- Tatar: бактерия (baqteriyä)
- Thai: แบคทีเรีย (th) (bɛ̀k-tii-riia), บัคเตรี (th) (bàk-dtee-rii), บักเตรี (th) (bàk-dtee-rii)
- Turkish: bakteri (tr)
- Turkmen: bakteriýa (tk)
- Ukrainian: бакте́рія (uk) f (baktérija)
- Urdu: بیکٹیریا m (baikṭīriyā), جَرْثُومَہ m (jarsūmā)
- Uyghur: باكتېرىيە (baktëriye)
- Uzbek: bakteriya (uz)
- Vietnamese: vi khuẩn (vi) (微菌), vi trùng (vi) (微蟲)
- Volapük: bakter
- Yoruba: bakitéríà
Translations to be checked
Arabic: (please verify) بَكْتِيرِيَا (ar) f (baktīriyā)
Assamese: (please verify) বেক্টেৰিয়া (bekteria), জীৱাণু (ziwanu)
Lao: (please verify) ຈຸລິນທີ (chu lin thī), ຈຸລິນສີ (chu lin sī), ເຊຶ້ອໂຣກ (sưa rōk), ຕົວພະຍາດ (tūa pha nyāt), ແບກທີເລຍ (bǣk thī līa)
Navajo: (please verify) chʼosh doo yitʼínii
(cane or staff): bactērius m
From Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /bakˈteː.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪eːriʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bakˈte.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪ɛːrium]
bactērium n (genitive bactēriī); second declension
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) cane, walking-stick; staff (of a shepherd)
- (New Latin, microbiology) bacterium
Second-declension noun (neuter).
- "bacterium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bacterium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- bacterium in Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1967– ) Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, Munich: C.H. Beck
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “bacterius”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 76