ben - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Clipping of English Bengali.

ben

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bengali.

From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōni, from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.

ben (plural bens)

  1. (obsolete) A prayer; a petition.

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- +‎ in.

ben

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
    • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 32:
      And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.

ben (not comparable)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) Inside.

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)

  1. Inner, interior.

ben (plural bens)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) The inner room of a two-room cottage (as opposed to the but); the ben room.
    • 1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 25:
      Bert Kerston was awakened by a steady tap on the ben window.

From Middle English been, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).

ben (plural bens)

  1. A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
  2. The winged seed of the ben tree.
  3. The oil of the ben seed.

From Arabic بِن (bin) and Hebrew בן (ben, “son”).

ben (uncountable)

  1. (usually capitalized) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).

son of

Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

ben (plural bens)

  1. A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.

c. 16th century. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.

ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)

  1. (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
    • 1611, Thomas Middleton, The Roaring Girle‎[2]:
      A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.

Shortening.

ben (plural bens)

  1. (UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
    • year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
      In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.

ben (plural bens)

  1. (Ireland) Alternative form of bin.

From Proto-Athabaskan *wən. Cognate with Lower Tanana benh (“lake”), ben (“water moves”), and more distantly with Navajo -BĮĮD.

ben (Central, Lower, Western)

  1. lake

ben

  1. water level rises, floods, overflows
Aspect Imperfective Perfective Future Optative
Momentaneous biis ben biił biił
Progressive biił — — —
Customary biis biis biis biis
Momentaneous ben biinʼ biił biinʼ

ben

  1. big

ben

  1. a big thing

Berbice Creole Dutch

[edit]

ben

  1. bean

ben

  1. alternative form of bé
    Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.
    Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milà. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.

From Middle High German wenne, wanne, from Old High German hwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”). Cognate with German wenn, wann, English when. Doublet of benn (adverb), from the same Middle High German source.

ben

  1. (Luserna) when
    Khåntamar khön ben 'z tüata offe di pinakotèk? ― Can you tell me when the art gallery opens?

From Proto-Brythonic *bon, from Proto-Celtic *bonus (see Breton Ben-, Welsh bôn). Found as pen in the placename Pentewan.

ben m (plural benyow)

  1. base, foot
  2. (of a tree) trunk, stump

Same source as benyn. Cognate with English queen, among others.

ben f

  1. woman

From bè (“well”).

ben m

  1. deceased

ben

  1. alternative form of bè

From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą, cognate with English bone, German Bein.

ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite **ben)

  1. leg (a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)
    Synonym: pusselanke (childish; joking)
  2. bone (any part of the skeleton)
  3. sinecure (a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī), from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī). Cognate with Hindi बहन (bahan).

ben f

  1. sister

From Middle Dutch bim, from Proto-Germanic *beuną. Cognate with German bin.

ben

  1. inflection of zijn:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.

From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.

ben n (genitive singular bens, plural **ben)

  1. wound

ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)

  1. wound

alternative form of bien

ben

  1. (informal) Well; uh
    Synonym: bah

Clipping of bénard.

ben m (plural bens)

  1. (slang) pants, trousers

From Latin bene.

ben

  1. well
  2. properly, nicely

ben

  1. good

From Old Galician-Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.

ben m (plural bens)

  1. benefit; welfare
    Synonym: beneficio
  2. (in the plural) goods
  3. good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)
    Antonym: mal

ben

  1. well
    Antonym: mal
    Ben feito! ― Well done!
  2. very; a lot; enough
    Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!
    • 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:
      cando se ganou dos mouros a grande batalla da figeira en donde tamen perdin e me mataron o cabalo e eu sahin ben librado enpero ben ferido de hua saetada enno braço dereito que non a vin curada fasta pasados ben tres meses
      when the great Battle of the Figtree was won to the Moors, where I also lost —and they killed— my horse and I got out safe but badly injured of an arrow shot in the right arm, wound that I saw not cured until more than three months later
  3. (followed by de or a contraction of de) a lot (of)
    Bótalle ben de zucre, sen medo! ― Add a lot of sugar, don't be shy!
  4. plus, or more, upwards
    • c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 174:
      Et durou a guerra dessa uez ontre elles bem dous ãnos, fazendosse todauia muyto mal os hũus aos outros, de guisa que, ante que sse aquella contenda fijnse, morrerõ y muytos
      And the war between them lasted that time for two years plus, making in every way a lot of harm the ones to the others, in wise that, before that conflict had ended, many died there

Borrowed from Italian bene, French bien, Spanish bien and Portuguese bem.

ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)

  1. well

Inherited from Latin bene.

ben

  1. well, nicely

ben m

  1. good
  2. property
  3. substance, matter

ben (apocopated)

  1. apocopic form of bene
    ben fatto ― well done

ben

  1. Rōmaji transcription of べん

From Portuguese vir.

ben

  1. to come

From Latin bene.

ben (comparative miec)

  1. well
  2. properly

ben m (plural bens)

  1. (especially in the plural) goods, property

Akin to Italian bene, from Latin.

ben

  1. well

From Proto-Athabaskan *wən ~ bən. Doublet of benh (“lake”). Cognate with Ahtna ben, Navajo -BĮĮD.

ben

  1. the water level moves
  2. to paint
Aspect Imperfective Perfective Future Optative
Momentaneous biyh benh biɬ biɬ
Conclusive benh benh benh benh
Customary beyh, biyh beyh, biyh beyh, biyh beyh, biyh
Neuter benh bin' biɬ bin'

ben

  1. nonstandard spelling of bēn
  2. nonstandard spelling of běn
  3. nonstandard spelling of bèn

From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

ben f (genitive singular mreih, plural mraane)

  1. woman

Mutation of ben

radical lenition eclipsis
ben ven men

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

From Old English bēon, nominative plural form of bēo, from Proto-Germanic *bijōniz, nominative plural form of *bijǭ. Equivalent to bee +‎ -en (plural suffix).

ben

  1. plural of be (“bee”)

ben

  1. alternative form of been (“to be”)

ben ?

  1. string, rope

From Danish ben, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural **ben, definite plural bena or benene)

  1. a leg
  2. a bone

From Old Occitan ben, from Latin bene.

ben

  1. well

ben m (plural bens)

  1. good, possession

From Proto-West Germanic *bain.

bēn n

  1. leg
  2. bone

Declension of bēn (neuter a-stem noun)

case singular plural
nominative bēn bēn
accusative bēn bēn
genitive bēnes bēno
dative bēne bēnon

From Proto-West Germanic *bōni. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna) (West Saxon, late Kentish)

  1. prayer, praying
  2. request, entreaty
  3. boon
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
      Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne. Þa cwæþ se biscop him to, þu bæde ofer mine mæðe ac uton swa þeah biddan þas bena æt gode.
      Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Then said the Bishop to him, 'Thou hast asked beyond my power, but let us, nevertheless, ask this boon of God.'

Strong _i_-stem:

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.

ben f

  1. alternative form of benn

ben

  1. (Anglo-Norman) alternative form of bien

Ēn bēn (1).

Ēn bēn (2).

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognates include Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn and Old Dutch bēn.

bēn n

  1. bone
  2. leg

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)

  1. woman
    Synonyms: banscál, bé, frac
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31c7
      arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”
      lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”
  2. wife
    Synonym: séitig
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22c10
      Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.
      This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

Feminine irregular

| | singular | dual | plural | | | ----------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | nominative | ben | mnaí | mná | | vocative | ben | mnaí | mná | | accusative | bein, mnaí | mnaí | mná | | genitive | mná | ban | ban | | dative | mnaí | mnáib | mnáib |

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

·ben

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid

ben

  1. second-person singular imperative of benaid

Mutation of ben

radical lenition nasalization
ben benpronounced with /βʲ-/ mben

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

From Proto-Germanic *banjō.

ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)

  1. mortal wound
  2. small bleeding wound

ben n

  1. wound

From Latin bene.

ben

  1. well

From Proto-West Germanic *bain.

bēn n

  1. bone

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

bēn n

  1. bone
  2. leg

From Old English binnan.

ben

  1. through, in, into, inside (a dwelling).
    A gaed ben the chaumer.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Come awah ben, hen.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)

  1. inner, interior.

ben (plural bens)

  1. The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

ben (plural bens)

  1. mountain, hill

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ).

ben m inan (Cyrillic spelling бен)

  1. (regional) birthmark, mole, naevus
    Synonym: madež

From English been.

ben

  1. Verbal marker for the past tense.

This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:

ett ben (vänsterben) [a leg (left leg)] (sense 1)

ett ben (sense 4)

From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

ben n

  1. (anatomy) leg
  2. leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
  3. the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
  4. (anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
  5. (anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton

ben

  1. betel case

ben (Nôm form 扁)

  1. pack; bundle
    ben khẩu nâng ― one bundle of rice
    ben da ― pack of medicine

ben (Nôm form 扁)

  1. to wrap around
    Ben đảy pác khêm bấu ben đảy pác cần.
    You can wrap up a needlestick but you can't wrap up a person's mouth.

(Classifier: ăn) ben

  1. weir
    ngắt ben ― to stretch the weir
    nằng ben ― to wait for fish at the weir

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بَنْ (ban /⁠ben⁠/, “I”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بن (/⁠bän⁠/, “I”), from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).[1][2]

Cognate with Azerbaijani mən, Turkmen men; Uzbek men, Uyghur مەن (men), Karakhanid مَنْ (man /⁠män⁠/, “I”); Crimean Tatar men, Armeno-Kipchak մեն (men), Tatar мин (min), Bashkir мин (min), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men); Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /⁠bän⁠/, “I”), 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /⁠män⁠/); Chuvash эпӗ (ep̬ĕ); etc.

Possibly related to Mongolian ᠪᠢ (bi, “I”) / би (bi), Evenki бӣ (bī), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”).[3]

ben

  1. I, me
    Beni seviyor musun?
    Do you love me?
    Tüm gün evde yatıp sınavdan yüksek almayı bekledikten sonra ben:
    Me after doing nothing at home whole day and waiting to get high grade from exam:
    Babam ve ben her zaman balık tutmaya, bu göle giderdik.
    My father and I always used to go this lake to fish.

Turkish personal pronouns

| | singular | plural | | | | ----------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | | 1st person | ben | biz | | | 2nd person | familiar | sen | siz | | polite | siz | sizler | | | 3rd person | o | onlar | |

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)

  1. (psychology) ego

From Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).[4]

Cognate with Bashkir миң (miñ), Kyrgyz мең (meŋ), Kazakh мең (meñ) Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meŋ).

Also compare Mongolian мэнгэ (menge, “mole, birthmark”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

ben (definite accusative beni, plural benler)

  1. birthmark, mole
  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ben”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  3. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2013), “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”, in Martine Irma Robbeets, editor, Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages‎[1], page 221; republished as Hubert Cuyckens, editor, (Please provide a date or year)
  4. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*beŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

From Latin bene.

ben

  1. well

From French benne.

ben

  1. a cabin

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ben

  1. (Southern Vietnam) to be comparable
    Synonym: bì
    Ai thong thả, trâu nào ben được ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Borrowed from Latin bene.

ben (genitive bena, plural bens)

  1. (sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness

From Middle Welsh benn, from Proto-Brythonic *benn, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).

ben f (plural benni)

  1. (transport, archaic) cart, wagon

ben

  1. soft mutation of pen (“head”)