carina - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.

• IPA(key): /kəˈɹiːnə/, /kəˈɹaɪnə/
• Rhymes: -iːnə
• Rhymes: -aɪnə

carina (plural carinas or carinae)

1. A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
2. (botany) Part of a papilionaceous flower consisting of two petals, commonly united, which encloses the organs of fructification.
3. (botany) The keel of the glume of grasses.
4. (botany) The principal nerve of a sepal.
5. (ornithology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
6. (anatomy) Any of several features that have a projecting central ridge.

• carina apex

• carinal

• carination

• carina tracheae

• cariniform

• carinula

• Ancira, Arican, Carian, Ciaran, acinar, arnica, crania, narica

carina f

1. definite nominative singular of carinë

• IPA(key): /kaˈri.na/[1]
• Rhymes: -ina
• Hyphenation: ca‧rì‧na

carina

1. feminine singular of carino

2. ^ carina in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

• aracni, aranci, arcani, arnica, carnai, inarca

Cognate with Welsh ceri (“stone of a fruit”) and Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). The earliest attested meaning is "ship's keel", though whether the original meaning was "keel" or "walnut shell" is unclear.

The further origin is disputed:[1]

• Borrowed from a European substrate, whence also the Welsh and Greek terms. Alternatively, borrowed from Greek, itself borrowed from said substrate.
• From a Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), and compared further to cancer (“crab”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
• (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [kaˈriː.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [kaˈriː.na]

carīna f (genitive carīnae); first declension

1. keel or hull of a ship
2. (figuratively) ship
3. half of a walnut shell

First-declension noun.

• Carīnae
• cornu

Through Vulgar Latin *carēna:

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: carena
    * → French: carène
    * → English: carene, careen
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: carena
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: carena
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: carena
  • Spanish: carena
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cerēna
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *keruɨn
    * Middle Welsh: kerwyn
    * Welsh: cerwyn

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “carīna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "carina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “carina”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “carina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “carina”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

From car +‎ -ina, because customs was originally paid to the emperor.

• IPA(key): /t͡sârina/

• Audio (Central Serbia):	(file)

• Hyphenation: ca‧ri‧na

cȁrina f (Cyrillic spelling ца̏рина)

1. customs

• “carina”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Ultimately borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”).

• IPA(key): /kariːna/, [ˈkariːna]
• Rhymes: -iːna

carina f

1. (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

• “carina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026