chaos - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “vast chasm, void”). Doublet of gas, which was borrowed through Dutch.
In Early Modern English, used in the sense of the original Greek word. In the meaning "primordial matter" from the 16th century. Figurative usage in the sense "confusion, disorder" from the 17th century. The technical sense in mathematics and science dates from the 1960s.
chaos (usually uncountable, plural chaoses)
- The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony.
- Any state of disorder; a confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration.
to descend into chaos
After the earthquake, the local hospital was in chaos- 1977, Irwin Edman, Adam, the Baby, and the Man from Mars, page 54:
or out of these chaoses order may be made, out of this ferment a clear wine of life. There are chaoses that have gone too far for retrieval
- 1977, Irwin Edman, Adam, the Baby, and the Man from Mars, page 54:
- (mathematics) A behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.
- (fantasy) One of the two metaphysical forces of the world in some fantasy settings, as opposed to law.
- (obsolete) A vast chasm or abyss.
- (obsolete, rare) A given medium; a space in which something exists or lives; an environment.
- 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Aire rectified. With a digression of the Aire.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 3, page 320:
What is in the centre of the earth, or is it pure element only, as Ariſtotle decrees inhabited as Paracelſus thinks with creatures, whoſe Chaos is the earth with Fairies, as the woods and waters according to him, are with Nymphes or as the ayre with ſpirits.
- 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Aire rectified. With a digression of the Aire.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 3, page 320:
in classical cosmogony
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 混沌 (zh) (hùndùn) - Dutch: chaos (nl) m, baaierd (nl) m
- Finnish: kaaos (fi)
- Greek: χάος (el) n (cháos)
Ancient Greek: χάος n (kháos) - Hebrew: תֹּהוּ וָבֹהוּ (he) m (tóhu vavóhu)
- Japanese: 混沌 (ja) (こんとん, konton)
- Macedonian: ха́ос m (háos)
- Old English: dwolma m
- Polish: chaos (pl) m
- Romanian: haos (ro) n
- Russian: ха́ос (ru) m (xáos), хао́с (ru) m (xaós)
- Spanish: caos (es)
- Tagalog: dimayaw
state of disorder
- Albanian: rrëmujë (sq) f
- Arabic: فَوْضَى f (fawḍā)
Hijazi Arabic: لخبطة f (laḵbaṭa), حوسة f (ḥōsa), خربطة f (ḵarbaṭa) - Armenian: քաոս (hy) (kʻaos)
- Azerbaijani: hərc-mərclik
- Belarusian: хао́с m (xaós), ха́ас m (xáas)
- Bulgarian: хаос (bg) m (haos), безредие (bg) n (bezredie)
- Catalan: caos (ca) m
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 混沌 (zh) (hùndùn), 混亂 / 混乱 (zh) (hùnluàn), 渾沌 / 浑沌 (zh) (húndùn) - Czech: chaos (cs) m
- Danish: kaos n
- Dutch: chaos (nl) m, wanorde (nl) c
- Esperanto: ĥaoso, kaoso
- Estonian: kaos, tohuvabohu (et)
- Finnish: kaaos (fi), epäjärjestys (fi), sekasorto (fi)
- French: chaos (fr) m
- Galician: caos (gl) m
- Georgian: ქაოსი (ka) (kaosi)
- German: Chaos (de) n, Unordnung (de) f, Durcheinander (de) n, Wirrwarr (de) m, Wirrsal (de) f or n
Alemannic German: Chrüsimüsi n - Greek: χάος (el) n (cháos)
Ancient Greek: ταραχή f (tarakhḗ) - Hebrew: תוהו ובוהו (he) (tóhu vavóhu), כאוס (he) (kéos)
- Hungarian: káosz (hu)
- Icelandic: ringulreið (is) f
- Ido: kaoso (io)
- Indonesian: kekacauan (id), prahara (id)
- Interlingua: chaos
- Irish: anord m
- Italian: caos (it) m
- Japanese: 混乱 (ja) (こんらん, konran), 無秩序 (ja) (むちつじょ, muchitsujo), 混沌 (ja) (こんとん, konton), カオス (ja) (kaosu)
- Khmer: សង្ករ (km) (saŋ, sɑŋkɑɑ, sɑŋka’ra’)
- Korean: 혼돈(混沌) (ko) (hondon)
- Lao: please add this translation if you can
- Latvian: haoss m
- Lithuanian: chaosas m
- Macedonian: ха́ос m (háos), безре́дие n (bezrédie)
- Malay: huru hara
- Maori: kaumingomingo, aneatanga (As an aftermath of war/ conflict)
- Mongolian:
Cyrillic: эмх замбараагүй байдал (emx zambaraagüj bajdal) - Norwegian: kaos (no)
- Old English: dwolma m
- Ottoman Turkish: قارش (karış)
- Pashto: please add this translation if you can
- Persian: آشوب (fa) (âšub)
- Plautdietsch: Wirwoa m
- Polish: chaos (pl) m
- Portuguese: caos (pt) m
- Romanian: haos (ro) n
- Romansch: caos m
- Russian: ха́ос (ru) m (xáos), хао́с (ru) m (xaós), беспоря́док (ru) m (besporjádok)
- Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хаос m (Bosnian, Serbian), каос m (Croatian)
Roman: haos (sh) m (Bosnian, Serbian), kaos (sh) m (Croatian) - Slovene: kaos m
- Spanish: caos (es)
- Swahili: kesheshe
- Swedish: kaos (sv) n
- Tagalog: dimayaw, kaguluhan
- Thai: ความยุ่งเหยิง (th) (kwaam-yûng-yə̌əng), ความโกลาหล (th) (kwaam-goo-laa-hǒn), ความสับสนวุ่นวาย
- Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
- Ukrainian: хао́с m (xaós)
- Vietnamese: hỗn loạn (vi) (混亂)
mathematics
Macedonian: ха́ос m (háos)
Tagalog: dimayaw
Thai: ความอลวน, ความโกลาหล (th) (kwaam-goo-laa-hǒn), ความไร้ระเบียบ
From Dutch chaos, from Middle Dutch caos, from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).
chaos (uncountable)
- chaos (disorder)
- (cosmogony) primordial disorder
Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “vast chasm, void”).
chaos m inan
- chaos (state of disorder)
Antonym: řád- 1875, Josef Durdík, Všeobecná aesthetika.[1]:
Ano i když pomíjíme všechny všednější odstíny smyslu, básníci velebí řád, myslíce si při tom na protivu jeho, chaos, a vědouce, že ve všem co se líbí, musí být jistý řád; a na druhé straně mají právě zas řád za průjev nesvobody [...]
- 1875, Josef Durdík, Všeobecná aesthetika.[1]:
“chaos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
“chaos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
“chaos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
"chaos a řád" in Google Books search
From Middle Dutch caos, from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).
chaos m (uncountable)
- netheid
- orde
- chaostheoretisch
- chaostheorie
- chaotisch
- gas
- Afrikaans: chaos
- → West Frisian: gaos
- → Indonesian: kaos
Borrowed from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).
chaos m (uncountable)
- “chaos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkʰa.os/, [ˈkʰäɔs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.os/, [ˈkäːos]
chaos n sg (genitive chaī); second declension
- Alternative letter-case form of Chaos
Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type), singular only.
- French: chaos
- Italian: caos, caosse, cao
- Portuguese: caos
- Romanian: haos, caos
- Spanish: caos
- “chaos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “chaos”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[2]
- “chaos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “chaos”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Learned borrowing from Latin chaos.
chaos m inan
- (Greek mythology) chaos (unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony)
Hypernym: materia - chaos (state of disorder; a confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration)
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:zamieszanie
Antonym: ład - chaos (behavior of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time)
(adjectives):
(adverbs):
(nouns):
chaos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
chaos in Polish dictionaries at PWN
chaos in PWN's encyclopedia
chaos m inan (genitive singular chaosu, nominative plural chaosy, genitive plural chaosov, declension pattern of dub)
- “chaos”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025