co - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Clipping of English Corsican, from Latin Corsica.

co

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Corsican.

co (plural cos)

  1. (colloquial) Clipping of company.

Coined by feminist writer Mary Orovan in 1970; in common usage in intentional communities of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities.[1][2]

co (third-person singular, gender-neutral, reflexive coself)

  1. (nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
    • 1983, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:
      Co consistently does less than cos share of the Community work. 4. Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]
    • 1996, Beemyn, Brett; Elianon, Mickey, Queer studies: A Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Anthology‎[11], page 74:
      At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describe coself in a heterosexual context than co uses in a sexual minority context and different terms in a Euro-American cultural context than in other racial and ethnic contexts.
    • 2004 April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, in alt.magick.serious (Usenet):
      A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killed coself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters. Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.
  2. (nonstandard) Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.
  1. ^ Dennis Baron (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “The Epicene Pronouns”, in Illinois University‎[1]
  2. ^ Jim Kingdon (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “Gender-free Pronouns in English”, in Panix‎[2]

Inherited from Old Czech čso.

co n

  1. what
    Co se děje? ― What's up?
    Co se stalo? ― What happened?

Declension of co (sg-only inanimate pronoun)

| | singular | | | ------------ | -------------------------------------- | | nominative | co | | genitive | čeho | | dative | čemu | | accusative | co | | vocative | — | | locative | čem | | instrumental | čím |

co

  1. that
    Od té doby, co jsme spolu… ― Since we’ve been together… (literally, “Since the time that we’ve been together…”)
  2. what
    Ví, co chce. ― He knows what he wants.

co

  1. (indeclinable) isn't it so, don't you think?
    To je pěkné, co? ― That’s nice, isn’t it?

From Latin quod.

co

  1. what

co

  1. water

co (accusative singular co-on, plural co-oj, accusative plural co-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter C/c.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Western Fijian ō (“grass”).

cō

  1. any small non-woody plant, including grasses and herbs
    Na co e vakaveretaka na qele.
    The grass protects the soil.
  2. (by extension) any herbaceous plant

This term applies to various types of grasses and herbs, including lawn grass, as well as any small plant that is not woody or shrub-like.

co

  1. obsolete spelling of ko

From contraction of preposition con (“with”) + masculine definite article o (“the”).

co m (feminine coa, masculine plural cos, feminine plural coas)

  1. with the

From Old French coc.

co m

  1. rooster, cockerel, cock

co (plural ci)

  1. alternative form of ico (“this”)

co

  1. Ulster form of chomh

  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 329, page 114

Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *kʷís

Kashubian co

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *česo.

co

  1. interrogative pronoun; what?
  2. relative pronoun; that what..., which, that

Declension of co

| | singular | | | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | nominative | co | | genitive | czegò | | dative | czemù | | accusative | co | | instrumental | czim | | locative | czim |

co

  1. Northern Khumi form of caw

co

  1. than (used in comparisons)

co

  1. how (in what manner)
  2. how (in what state)

From Proto-Slavic *česo, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷís.

co

  1. what (interrogative)

Declension of co

Case Form
Nominative co
Genitive cogo
Dative comu
Accusative co
Instrumental cym
Locative com

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

co

  1. third-person singular present of kśěś

From Portuguese com. Sense of "and" may be a semantic loan from Cantonese 同 (tung4).

co

  1. with
    nhonha co fula ― the girl with the flower
  2. to, at
    Já gritâ co iou ― He shouted at me

co

  1. and
    iou co vôs ― me and you

From Old Irish co, from Proto-Celtic *kʷos.

co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

  1. to, toward
    • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
      Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chucisium isin mbruidin.
      They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.

Forms combined with an object pronoun

Forms combined with the definite article:

Forms combined with the relative particle:

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

From Old French colp, coup, from Vulgar Latin *colpus, from Classical Latin colaphus (“blow with the fist; cuff”), from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos, “blow, slap”).

co m (plural cos)

  1. (Jersey) blow

From Old French coq, coc.

co m (plural cos)

  1. (Jersey) cockerel

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

co m (plural cos)

  1. (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy, anatomy) neck

Compare Persian جوی (juy) or Persian جو (ju).

co m

  1. ditch, trench, channel, canal, duct, fosse, aqueduct, sluice

From Proto-Celtic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).[1] Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”).

co (takes the dative, triggers nasalization) (abbreviated ɔ)

  1. with

For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

Usually the inflected forms of la are used instead.

Inflection of co | | Person: | normal | emphatic | | | ------------ | ------ | ------------------------------------- | | | singular | first | | | | second | | | | | thirdm or n | dative | cono | | | accusative | | | | | thirdf | dative | | | | accusative | | | | | | | | | | plural | first | | | | second | | | | | third | dative | | | | accusative | | | |

Forms combined with the definite article:

Combinations with possessive determiners:

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷóbʰi or *kʷódʰi.[2]

co

  1. how?
    Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?
    How will my expedition be?

The adverb is followed by the dependent form of the verb, which is neither nasalized nor lenited.

From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction).[3][4][5] See Proto-Indo-European *kú (“where”).

The inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum +‎ *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).

co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

  1. to, toward
  2. up to, until
  3. used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb: -ly[6]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

Forms combined with the definite article:

Forms combined with the relative particle:

co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun) (abbreviated ɔ)

  1. until
  2. so that

For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

A leniting co that takes absolute and deuterotonic forms is also attested in the glosses only.

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kom”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎[3] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 463
  3. ^ Kim McCone (1993), “Varia II. Old Irish co, cucci ‘as far as (him, it)’ and Latin usque ‘as far as’”, in Ériu‎[4], volume 44, retrieved 31 May 2024, pages 171-76
  4. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “?_kúth₂-s_”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎[5] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 439
  5. ^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000), “O.u.puz”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, pages 627-28
  6. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 381, page 239; reprinted 2017

co n

  1. alternative form of czso

co

  1. alternative form of czso

co

  1. alternative form of czso

Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *kʷís

Polish co

Inherited from Old Polish czso.

co n

  1. interrogative pronoun; what
  2. pronoun for introducing a subordinate clause that narrows the scope of the main clause; which, that; what; who
    Znam takiego gościa, co ma konia.
    I know a guy that has a horse.
  3. pronoun that attaches a relative clause to the main clause; which, that; what; who
    Ta kobieta, co mieszkała w tym mieszkaniu, wyjechała do Niemiec.
    That woman, who lived in that apartment, moved to Germany.
  4. (colloquial) relative pronoun
    Jakość będzie równa temu, co zapłacisz.
    The quality will be equal to whatever you pay.
  5. (colloquial) why
    Co ona taka smutna?
    Why is she so sad?

Declension of co

| | singular | | | ------------ | ----------------------------------- | | nominative | co | | genitive | czego | | dative | czemu | | accusative | co | | instrumental | czym | | locative | czym | | vocative | co |

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (pronoun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

co

  1. every (referring to frequency)
    co drugi dzień ― every other day
    co miesiąc ― every month
    co rok ― every year, annually

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (preposition) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 77 times, making it the 836th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

co

  1. as
    Ma ten sam rower co ja. ― He has the same bike as me.
  2. (Kuyavia) synonym of że

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (conjunction) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 14 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 73 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 134 times, making it the 450th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]

co

  1. used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said
    Interesujące, co? ― Interesting, isn't it?

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (pronoun)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[6] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (preposition)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[7] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
  3. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (conjunction)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[8] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
  4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[9] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56

From ecthlipsis of com, followed by crasis.

co (feminine coa or (colloquial) ca, masculine plural cos, feminine plural coas or (colloquial) cas)

  1. (colloquial or poetic) contraction of com (“with”) +‎ o m sg (definite article)

Although superseded in the first spelling reforms of Portuguese, the spellings c'o, c'os, co'a, co'as are often still used in poetic works in order to make the contraction transparent.

From Latin quam or quod.

co

  1. (Vallader) than

Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *kʷís

Silesian co

Inherited from Old Polish czso.

co n

  1. (interrogative) what
    Coś kupiōł? ― What did you buy?
  2. (relative) that
    Te zoki, coch ci je bez zimã kupiyła. ― Those socks that I bought you in winter.
  3. (interrogative) why, what for
    Co ty mi sie sam po chałupie smykŏsz? ― What are you having a stroll around my house for?

Declension of co

| | singular | | | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | nominative | co | | genitive | czego | | dative | czymu | | accusative | co | | instrumental | czym | | locative | czym |

co

  1. (proscribed) coordinating conjunction; that
    Synonym: (prescribed) że

co

  1. every (referring to frequency)

co m (plural cos)

  1. (Aragon, colloquial) dude, friend

co

  1. misspelling of có

From Latin cum. Compare Italian con.

co

  1. with, together

co

  1. to shrink (to become smaller)
    Antonym: phồng

co

  1. (transitive) to see

Conjugation of co (action verb)

| | singular | plural | | | | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | | inclusive | exclusive | | | | 1st person | toco | moco | aco | | 2nd person | noco | foco | | | 3rd person | inanimate | ico | doco | | animate | | | | | imperative | noco, co | foco, co | |

From Tibetan མཚོ (mtsho).

co

  1. lake

From Middle English quethen, from Old English cweþan, from Proto-West Germanic *kweþan.

co

  1. quoth, saith

    • 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 31:[1]
      Co thou; Co he.
      Quoth thou; Says he.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG“, number 1, page 84:[1]
      Fᴀᴅᴇ teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?
      Wʜᴀᴛ ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG“, number 13, page 90:[1]
      Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it, co Joane;
      Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it, quoth John;
    • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS“, page 129:[2]
      "Swingale," co the umost, "thou liest well a rent,
      "Swindle," said the other, "you know quite well,
    • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS“, page 129:[2]
      Thou liest valse co secun that thou an ye thick
      You lie false, said the second, that you and your kid,
    • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH“, page 132:[2]
      "Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,
      "What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;
    • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH“, page 132:[2]
      Co Sooney, "Billeen dowstthee zee faads lewer,
      Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"

  2. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, pages 31, 84, 90

  3. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎[10], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, pages 129, 132