dico - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

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Clipping of dictionnaire (“dictionary”) + -o (familiarizing suffix) [second half of 20th century].

dico m (plural dicos)

  1. (informal) dictionary
    Synonym: dictionnaire
    J'adore ce dico! ― I love this dictionary!

dico

  1. first-person singular present indicative of dire

From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱeti (“to show, point out”) (reformed as a thematic verb). The perfect forms are derived from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst. For the semantic development compare Proto-Slavic *kazati

Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach).

dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

  1. to say, talk, speak, utter, mention
    Synonyms: aiō, for, effor, inquam, ōrō, alloquor, loquor
    • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 12.42:
      Impedit enim cōnsilium voluptās; ratiōnī inimīca est; mentīs, ut ita dīcam, praestringit oculōs; nec habet ūllum cum virtūte commercium.
      For pleasure hinders judgment; it is an enemy to reason; it blinds, so to speak, the eyes of the mind; nor has it any connection with virtue.
      (“So that I may speak thus”; English equivalents: “so to speak" or “as it were”. Since the abstract mind or intellect does not literally have eyes to see, Cicero includes this phrase as a “softener” or a “hedging” expression for rhetorical effect.)
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.204–205:
      dīcitur ante ārās media inter nūmina dīvum
      multa Iovem manibus supplex ōrāsse supīnīs
      It is said [that King Iarbas] – before the altars, amid divine presences all around – often prostrated himself, with hands raised in supplication, to implore Jupiter.
    • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:
      dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux
      And God said: Be light made. And light was made.
      Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”)
  2. to declare, state
    1. to affirm, assert (positively)
      Synonyms: aiō, fīgō, contendō
  3. to tell
  4. to appoint, name, nominate (to an office)
  5. to call, name
    • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.5–7:
      Ante mare et terrās et quod tegit omnia caelum
      ūnus erat tōtō nātūrae vultus in orbe,
      quem dīxēre chaos: […]
      Before the sea and the lands and the sky that covers over all things,
      there was one face of nature in the whole world,
      which they called chaos: […]
  6. (law, sometimes followed by ad) to plead (before)
  7. to mean, speak in reference to, refer to
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dīcō dīcis dīcit dīcimus dīcitis dīcunt
imperfect dīcēbam dīcēbās dīcēbat dīcēbāmus dīcēbātis dīcēbant
future dīcam, dīcēbō1 dīcēs, dīcēbis1 dīcet, dīcēbit1 dīcēmus, dīcēbimus1 dīcētis, dīcēbitis1 dīcent, dīcēbunt1
perfect dīxī dīxistī, dīxtī dīxit dīximus dīxistis dīxērunt, dīxēre
pluperfect dīxeram dīxerās dīxerat dīxerāmus dīxerātis dīxerant
future perfect dīxerō dīxeris dīxerit dīxerimus dīxeritis dīxerint
sigmatic future2 dīxō dīxis dīxit dīximus dīxitis dīxint
passive present dīcor dīceris, dīcere dīcitur dīcimur dīciminī dīcuntur
imperfect dīcēbar dīcēbāris, dīcēbāre dīcēbātur dīcēbāmur dīcēbāminī dīcēbantur
future dīcar, dīcēbor1 dīcēris, dīcēre, dīcēberis, dīcēbere1 dīcētur, dīcēbitur1 dīcēmur, dīcēbimur1 dīcēminī, dīcēbiminī1 dīcentur, dīcēbuntur1
perfect dictus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect dictus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect dictus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dīcam dīcās dīcat dīcāmus dīcātis dīcant
imperfect dīcerem dīcerēs dīceret dīcerēmus dīcerētis dīcerent
perfect dīxerim dīxerīs dīxerit dīxerīmus dīxerītis dīxerint
pluperfect dīxissem dīxissēs dīxisset dīxissēmus dīxissētis dīxissent
sigmatic aorist2 dīxim dīxīs dīxīt dīxīmus dīxītis dīxint
passive present dīcar dīcāris, dīcāre dīcātur dīcāmur dīcāminī dīcantur
imperfect dīcerer dīcerēris, dīcerēre dīcerētur dīcerēmur dīcerēminī dīcerentur
perfect dictus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect dictus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — dīc, dīce — — dīcite —
future — dīcitō dīcitō — dīcitōte dīcuntō
passive present — dīcere — — dīciminī —
future — dīcitor dīcitor — — dīcuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present dīcere dīcī, dīcier3 dīcēns —
future dictūrum esse dictum īrī dictūrus dīcendus, dīcundus
perfect dīxisse, dīxe dictum esse — dictus
future perfect — dictum fore — —
perfect potential dictūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
dīcendī dīcendō dīcendum dīcendō dictum dictū

1Pre-Classical.
2At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
3The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Some descendants are from *dire.

According to de Vaan, possibly a back-formation from from compounds in -dicāre, such as iūdicō, iūdicāre (“to judge”).[1] There is evidence of a corresponding first-conjugation verb in Umbrian, provided that 𐌕𐌉𐌊𐌀𐌌𐌍𐌄 (tikamne) derives from Proto-Italic *dik-ā-m(e)n-o-.[2]

dicō (present infinitive dicāre, perfect active dicāvī, supine dicātum); first conjugation

  1. to dedicate, devote
    Synonyms: dēdicō, sacrō, addīcō, sanciō, voveō
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.12:
      Ei, qui propter veteres inimicitias nullo modo cum Aeduis coniungi poterant, se Remis in clientelam dicabant.
      Those, who because of old animosities could not join with the Aedui, dedicated themselves as clients to the Remi.
  2. to consecrate, deify
    Synonyms: cōnsecrō, sanciō
    Antonym: exaugurō
  3. to appropriate to, devote to, assign to, set apart for
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dīcō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
  2. ^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959), The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, Baltimore: American Philological Association, page 327