host - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- hoast (obsolete)
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /həʊst/
- (General American) IPA(key): /hoʊst/
- Rhymes: -əʊst
From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from *hostipotis, an old compound of hostis and the root of potis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century.
host (plural hosts)
- One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
A good host is always considerate of the guest’s needs.- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
Time is like a fashionable host, / That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
- One that provides a facility for an event.
- A person or organization responsible for running an event.
Our company is host of the annual conference this year. - A moderator or master of ceremonies for a performance.
Synonym: (UK) presenter
The host was terrible, but the acts themselves were good. - (computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
- (ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.
Viruses depend on the host that they infect in order to be able to reproduce.- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
- (evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.
The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to its host. - A paid male companion offering conversation and in some cases sex, as in certain types of bar in Japan.
(computing): localhost
person who receives or entertains a guest
- Afrikaans: gasheer m, gasvrou f
- Arabic: مُضِيف (ar) m (muḍīf)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܐܲܪܚܵܢܵܐ m (mˀarḥānā), ܡܩܲܒܠܵܢܵܐ m (mqablānā)
- Bats: მასპიჼძელ (masṗĩʒel)
- Belarusian: гаспада́р (be) m (haspadár), гаспада́рка (be) f (haspadárka)
- Bengali: মেজবান (bn) (mezban)
- Bulgarian: домакин (bg) m (domakin)
- Catalan: amfitrió (ca) m, amfitriona (ca) f, hoste (ca) m or f
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 主人 (zh) (zhǔrén) - Czech: hostitel (cs) m
- Danish: vært (da)
- Dutch: gastheer (nl) m, gastvrouw (nl) f
- Esperanto: gastiganto (eo)
- Evenki: эден (əʒen)
- Faroese: vertur m
- Finnish: isäntä (fi)
- French: hôte (fr), maître de maison (fr) m, amphitryon (fr) m (at a meal)
- Galician: anfitrión
- Georgian: მასპინძელი (masṗinʒeli)
- German: Gastgeber (de) m, Bewirter m
- Greek: οικοδεσπότης (el) m (oikodespótis), οικοδέσποινα (el) f (oikodéspoina)
Ancient: ἑστιάτωρ m (hestiátōr), ξενοδόκος m (xenodókos) - Greenlandic: qaaqqusisoq
- Hebrew: מארח (mearéakh)
- Hindi: आतिथेय (hi) (ātithey), अतिथिपति m (atithipti)
- Hungarian: házigazda (hu), vendéglátó (hu)
- Icelandic: gestgjafi (is) m
- Ido: hosto (io)
- Indonesian: tuan rumah (id)
- Interlingua: hospitero
- Irish: óstach m
- Italian: ospitante (it), anfitrione (it) m (at a meal)
- Japanese: 主人 (ja) (しゅじん, shujin)
- Korean: 주인 (ko) (ju'in)
- Ladino: balabay m, balabaya f
- Latin: hospes (la) m, hospita f
- Latvian: saimnieks m, namatēvs m, namamāte f
- Macedonian: до́маќин m (dómaḱin), дома́ќинка f (domáḱinka)
- Malay: tuan rumah
- Maori: nihowera (if generous), kaitaurima
- Middle English: hoste, herberjour
- Mingrelian: მენძელი (menʒeli)
- Nanai: эден (eʒen)
- Nivkh: ыс (əs), ызӈ (əzŋ)
- Northern Sami: doalloisit, doalloeamit, guossoheaddji
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: vert (no) m
Nynorsk: vert m - Pashto: کوربه m (korba)
- Persian: میزبان (fa) sg (mizbân)
- Polish: gospodarz (pl) m
- Portuguese: anfitrião (pt) m
- Romanian: gazdă (ro) f, amfitrion (ro) m
- Romansch: ospitant m, ospitanta f
- Russian: хозя́ин (ru) m (xozjáin), хозя́йка (ru) f (xozjájka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: дома̀ћин m, домаћиница f, га̏зда m, га̏здарица f
Roman: domàćin m, domaćinica f, gȁzda (sh) m, gȁzdarica (sh) f - Slovak: hostiteľ m
- Slovene: gostítelj (sl) m, gostíteljica f
- Sorbian:
Upper Sorbian: hosćićel m - Spanish: anfitrión (es) m, hospedador (es) m, hospedero m, hospedante (es) m or f
- Svan: მა̈სძელ (mäsʒel)
- Swedish: värd (sv) c
- Turkish: ev sahibi (tr)
- Ukrainian: хазя́їн m (xazjájin), хазя́йка f (xazjájka), господа́р (uk) m (hospodár), господа́рка f (hospodárka), ґа́зда (uk) m (gázda) (regional), ґазда́ (uk) m (gazdá) (regional)
- Vietnamese: chủ nhà (vi)
- Welsh: lletywr m, gwesteiwr m
- Zazaki: meymandar (diq)
person or organisation responsible for running an event
- Arabic: مُضِيف (ar) m (muḍīf), آدِب m (ʔādib), مُسْتَضِيف m (mustaḍīf)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܐܲܪ̈ܚܵܢܹܐ m pl (mˀarḥānē), ܡܐܲܪ̈ܚܵܢܝܵܬܹܐ f pl (mˀarḥānyātē)
- Bengali: মেজবান (bn) (mezban)
- Bulgarian: домакин (bg) m (domakin)
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 主持人 (zh) (zhǔchírén) - Czech: pořadatel (cs) m
- Danish: vært (da)
- Dutch: organisator (nl) m, gastgever m, gastheer (nl)
- Esperanto: gastiganto (eo)
- Finnish: isäntä (fi)
- French: organisateur (fr) m, animateur (fr) m
- Galician: anfitrión, anfitrión, organizador
- German: Veranstalter (de) m, Organisator (de), Organisator (de) m
- Greek: διοργανωτής (el) m (diorganotís)
- Hebrew: מארחים (mearkhím)
- Hindi: अतिथिपति m (atithipti)
- Hungarian: házigazda (hu)
- Italian: organizzatore (it) m
- Japanese: 主催者 (ja) (しゅさいしゃ, shusaisha), 司会 (ja) (しかい, shikai)
- Latin: hospes (la) m, hospita f
- Macedonian: во́дител m (vóditel), води́телка f (vodítelka)
- Malay: pengacara (ms)
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: vert (no) m
Nynorsk: vert m - Pashto: کوربه m (korba)
- Polish: gospodarz (pl) m
- Portuguese: organizador (pt) m, realizador (pt) m
- Russian: веду́щий (ru) m (vedúščij)
- Slovene: gostítelj (sl) m, gostíteljica f
- Spanish: anfitrión (es) m, anfitriona f, organizador (es) m
- Swedish: värd (sv) c
- Urdu: میزبان m (mezbān)
- Vietnamese: người chủ trì, người tổ chức
moderator
- Bengali: মেজবান (bn) (mezban)
- Bulgarian: водещ (bg) m (vodešt)
- Dutch: moderator (nl) m, gastheer (nl) m, gastvrouw (nl) f, gastgever m
- Finnish: juontaja (fi), isäntä (fi)
- Galician: presentador (gl), moderador, presentador (gl)
- German: Moderator (de) m, Showmaster (de) m
- Greek: συντονιστής (el) m (syntonistís)
- Hebrew: מנחה (he) (mankhé)
- Hindi: संचारक (hi) m (sañcārak), सभापति (hi) m (sabhāpti)
- Hungarian: műsorvezető (hu), vitavezető (hu), moderátor (hu), konferanszié (hu)
- Italian: moderatore (it) m
- Latin: dissignātor m
- Macedonian: во́дител m (vóditel), води́телка f (vodítelka)
- Portuguese: mediador (pt), apresentador (pt) m, anfitrião (pt) m
- Romanian: moderator (ro) m, moderatoare (ro) f, prezentator (ro) m
- Russian: веду́щий (ru) m (vedúščij), церемонийме́йстер (ru) m (ceremonijméjster), (Internet) модера́тор (ru) m (modɛrátor)
- Slovene: vodítelj m, vodíteljica f
- Spanish: maestro de ceremonias m, conductor (es) m, presentador m
- Vietnamese: chủ tế (vi)
computing: computer attached to a network
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܐܲܪܚܵܢܵܐ m (mˀarḥānā)
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 主機 / 主机 (zh) (zhǔjī) - Dutch: host (nl) m
- Esperanto: (please verify) ĉefkomputilo, (please verify) gastiga komputilo, (please verify) ilkomputilo, (please verify) retnodo
- Finnish: isäntä (fi)
- French: hôte (fr) m
- Galician: anfitrión
- Greek: κεντρικός υπολογιστής m (kentrikós ypologistís)
- Hindi: मध्यस्थ (hi) n (madhyasth)
- Hungarian: gazdagép (hu), gazdaszámítógép (hu)
- Indonesian: hos
- Italian: host (it) m
- Japanese: ホスト (ja) (hosuto)
- Korean: 호스트 (hoseuteu)
- Macedonian: до́маќин m (dómaḱin)
- Marathi: होस्ट m (hosṭa)
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: vert (no) m
Nynorsk: vert m - Polish: host (pl) m
- Portuguese: host (pt) m, hospedeiro (pt) m, anfitrião (pt) m
- Russian: хост (ru) m (xost), гла́вная ЭВМ f (glávnaja EVM), гла́вный компью́тер m (glávnyj kompʹjútɛr)
- Ukrainian: хост m (xost)
- Vietnamese: máy chủ (vi)
biology: cell or organism which harbors another organism
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܐܲܪܚܵܢܵܐ m (mˀarḥānā)
- Czech: hostitel (cs) m
- Dutch: gastheer (nl) m
- Finnish: isäntä (fi), isäntäeliö (fi)
- French: hôte (fr)
- German: Wirt (de) m
- Greek: ξενιστής (el) m (xenistís)
- Hebrew: פֻּנְדְּקַאי (he) m (pundaqáy)
- Hindi: परपोषी m (parpoṣī)
- Hungarian: gazdaszervezet (hu), gazda (hu), hordozó (hu)
- Icelandic: hýsill (is) m
- Indonesian: pejamu, inang (id)
- Italian: ospite (it) m
- Latvian: saimnieks m
- Macedonian: до́маќин m (dómaḱin)
- Malay: perumah
- Maori: rauropi papa
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: vert (no) m
Nynorsk: vert m - Polish: żywiciel (pl) m
- Portuguese: hospedeiro (pt) m
- Russian: кле́тка-хозя́ин (ru) f (klétka-xozjáin), органи́зм-хозя́ин (ru) m (organízm-xozjáin)
- Slovene: gostítelj (sl) m
- Spanish: hospedante (es) m, hospedador (es) m, huésped (es) m, hospedero m
- Swedish: värd (sv) c, värdorganism (sv) c
- Ukrainian: господар (uk) (hospodar), хазяїн (xazjajin)
- Vietnamese: vật chủ (vi)
host (third-person singular simple present hosts, present participle hosting, simple past and past participle hosted)
- To perform the role of a host.
Our company will host the annual conference this year.
I was terrible at hosting that show.
I’ll be hosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.- 1984 February 4, Suzan Bedrosian, “Sex Lives”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 4:
I am quite impressed with the December 10th issue in which it hosted the article by Nancy Langer, "Different Abilities, the Same Queer Pleasures."
- 1984 February 4, Suzan Bedrosian, “Sex Lives”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 4:
- (obsolete, intransitive) To lodge at an inn.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
Where you shall host.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
- (computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.
Kremvax hosts a variety of services.- 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., “Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators”, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet):
CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system is hosting a session.
- 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., “Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators”, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet):
perform the role of a host
Dutch: ontvangen (nl), onderbrengen (nl), modereren (nl) (show)
Esperanto: gastigi
Finnish: isännöidä (fi), toimia isäntänä, juontaa (fi) (show)
German: Gastgeber sein, aufnehmen (de), organisieren (de), durchführen (de)
Greek: φιλοξενώ (el) (filoxenó), διοργανώνω (el) (diorganóno)
Hungarian: vendégül lát (hu), vezet (hu)
Latin: hospitō
Maori: whakamanu(w)hiri, whakauhi, whakauwhi, manaaki
Slovene: gostiti
Spanish: alojar (es), albergar (es), hospedar (es), animar (es) (tv program, event, etc.)
Swedish: agera värd
From Middle English oost, borrowed from Old French ost, oste, hoste, from Latin hostis (“foreign enemy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (as opposed to inimicus (“personal enemy”)). Doublet of guest.
host (plural hosts)
- A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
- 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
Why, Plugson, even thy own host is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever! - 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 173:
By Lady Day the Scriptorium was ready to receive the "copying and burrowing" of the host of readers who had been directed by Furnivall for the past twenty years. - 2001, Carlos Parada, Hesione 2, Greek Mythology Link:
the invading host that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
- 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
- A large number of items; a large inventory.
The dealer stocks a host of parts for my Model A.- 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils; […] - 1836, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:
A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in a host of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture […] - 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, in Rail, page 38:
In the immediate term, there is a host of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
- 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:
multitude of people arrayed as an army
- Arabic: جُنْد (jund) (collective), جَيْش (jayš)
- Armenian: զորք (hy) (zorkʻ)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܲܝܣܵܐ m (gaysā)
- Bulgarian: войска (bg) f (vojska)
- Dutch: heerschaar (nl) c (archaic), leger (nl) n, troep (nl) m (usually plural)
- Finnish: sotajoukko (fi)
- French: ost (fr), armée (fr) f
- German: Heer (de) n
- Greek: στρατιά (el) f (stratiá)
- Maori: mano
- Ngazidja Comorian: djeyshi class 5/6
- Old Norse: herr
- Portuguese: hoste (pt) f
- Russian: рать (ru) f (ratʹ), во́йско (ru) n (vójsko)
- Spanish: hueste (es) f, mesnada (es) f, almofalla (es) f (disused), almahala (es) f (disused)
- Swedish: här (sv)
- Ugaritic: 𐎕𐎁𐎜 (ṣbủ)
- Ukrainian: ві́йсько n (víjsʹko)
- Vietnamese: đạo quân (vi)
- Volapük: (angels) silananef
large number of items
- Bulgarian: множество (bg) n (množestvo)
- Dutch: berg (nl) m, troep (nl) m
- Finnish: joukko (fi), liuta (fi)
- Russian: мно́жество (ru) n (mnóžestvo)
- Swedish: otal (sv) n, rad (sv) c
- Ukrainian: бе́зліч (uk) (bézlič)
- Vietnamese: loạt (vi), hàng loạt (vi)
From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.
host (plural hosts)
- (Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
- 1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
- 1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
Bulgarian: нафора f (nafora)
Dalmatian: bluta
Danish: oblat c (Church of Denmark), hostie c (Catholic Church)
Esperanto: hostio
Icelandic: kynnir
Sicilian: partìcula f
Tagalog: ostiya
Udi: нишкъатӏ (nišq̇aṭ)
Vietnamese: bánh lễ, bánh thánh
Welsh: afrllad f
Inherited from Old Catalan ost, from Latin hostis, from Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”).
host f (plural hosts)
- exèrcit
- “host” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “host”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
- “host” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “host” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Inherited from Old Czech host, from Proto-Slavic *gostь.
host m anim (female equivalent hostka)
- guest
Host do domu, Bůh do domu.
A guest into the house, God into the house. (old proverb, meaning: respect should be shown to guests)
Host a ryba třetí den smrdí.
The guest and the fish smell the third day.
The archaic plural instrumental is hostmi.
“host”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
“host”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
“host”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
host m (plural hosts, diminutive hostje n)
From hossen.
host
- inflection of hossen:
Related to hoste ("to cough").
host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural **host, definite plural hosta or hostene)
- Prior to a 2020 spelling revision, this noun was also considered masculine.
host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)
host
- imperative of hoste
- “host” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Related to hosta, hoste ("to cough").
host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural **host, definite plural hosta)
host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)
host
- imperative of hosta
- “host” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gostь.
host m pers (female equivalent hosti)
Czech: host
Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “host”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Borrowed from English host. Doublet of gość.
host m inan
- (networking) host (computer attached to a network)
host m pers (female equivalent hostessa)
- host, promotional model (person hired to greet customers and guests of a store, hotel, or institution, and advertise goods or provide assistance, giving the necessary information or pointing the way)
host m pers
- (slang) host (owner of a house, apartment, or guesthouse, as opposed to people renting premises from them)
Synonym: gospodarz
- host in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- host in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Unadapted borrowing from English host.
(Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)s.t͡ʃi/ [ˈho(ʊ̯)s.t͡ʃi]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)ʃ.t͡ʃi/ [ˈχo(ʊ̯)ʃ.t͡ʃi]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)s.te/ [ˈho(ʊ̯)s.te]
host m (plural hosts)
- (networking) host (computer attached to a network)
hóst
Borrowed from English host. Doublet of huésped.
host m or f (plural hosts)
host