ice - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Clipping of English Icelandic.

ice

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Icelandic.

Ice.

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der.

Proto-Germanic *īsą

Proto-West Germanic *īs

Old English īs

Middle English is

English ice

From Middle English hyse, hyys, ice, ijs, is, yce, ys, yys, from Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).

Cognates

Cognate with North Frisian Iis, is (“ice”), Saterland Frisian Ies (“ice”), West Frisian iis (“ice”), Alemannic German Iis, isch, éisch (“ice”), Bavarian, Cimbrian, and Mòcheno ais (“ice”), Dutch ijs (“ice”), German Eis (“ice”), German Low German Ies (“ice”), Luxembourgish Äis (“ice”), Vilamovian ajs (“ice”), Yiddish אײַז (ayz, “ice”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish is (“ice”), Elfdalian ais (“ice”), Faroese ísur (“ice”), Icelandic ís (“ice”); also Cornish yey (“ice”), yeyn (“cold”), Irish oighear (“ice”), Scottish Gaelic deigh, eigh, eighre (“ice”), Welsh iâ (“ice”), Lithuanian ýnis (“hoar frost”), Bulgarian and Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoar frost”), Czech jíní (“frost”), Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian и́ње (“hoar frost”), Ukrainian і́ній (ínij, “hoar frost, rime”), Ossetian их (ix, “ice”), Armenian եղյամ (eġyam, “frost, hoar frost, rime”), Persian یخ (yax, “ice”), Hittite 𒂊𒃷 (“ice”). Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”).

ice (usually uncountable, plural ices)

  1. Water in frozen (solid) form.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
      If thou doſt marry, Ile giue thee / This plague to thy dowry: / Be thou as chaſte as yce, as pure as ſnowe, / Thou ſhalt not ſcape calumny, to a Nunnery goe.
    • 1882, Popular Science Monthly (volume 20), "The Freezing of a Salt Lake"
      It has always been difficult to explain how ice is formed on the surface of oceans while the temperature of maximum density is lower than that of cogelation, and the observations on this lake were instituted in the hope that they might throw light upon the subject.
    • 2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8835, page 80:
      Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.
  2. (physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
  3. (astronomy) Any volatile chemical, such as water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, not necessarily in solid form, when discussing the composition of e.g. a planet as an ice giant vs a gas giant.
    • 2010 March 15, Lance K. Erickson, Space Flight: History, Technology, and Operations, Government Institutes, →ISBN, page 145:
      Above the core is the lower-density liquid mantle composed of ice materials under high pressure and temperature. This massive liquid layer would not be separated into layers of traditional ice compounds, but mixtures of radically different compounds originally consisting of water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia […] Since the mass of the planet is dominated by the liquid mantle that itself consists of heated ices under pressure, both Uranus and Neptune are classified as giant ice planets.
    • 2010 December 2, Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Principles of Planetary Climate, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 20:
      Uranus and Neptune are […] usually classified separately as ice giants because they contain a much higher proportion of ice-forming substances such as water, ammonia, and methane. […] In the case of Uranus, the ice mantle must make up between 9.3 and 13.4 Earth masses worth of the total mass of the planet, which is 14.5 Earth masses. Similar proportions apply to Neptune. The commonly used term "ice mantle" is someone misleading, since the substance is actually a hot, slushy mixture that would be more aptly described as a water–ammonia ocean.
    • 2022, Geophysical Exploration of the Solar System, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 45:
      Neptune has one major moon: Triton, which is comparable in size to the Jovian moon Europa and at an average density of 2.061 g/cm3 widely understood to be covered by several hundred km of frozen or liquid ice.
  4. (figuratively) Something having an extreme coldness of manner.
    a heart of ice
  5. (figuratively) Something, such as awkwardness, that prevents open social interaction.
    • 1982 February 6, Bob Nelson, “'Rocky Relations' in New York Getting Smoother”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 28, page 3:
      The dialogues—or "raps"—usually take place on a monthly or bi-monthly basis and aim at fostering contacts hand at breaking through stereotypical notions held by both sides. "There's no question that there's ice to begin with," said Lance Bradley, who conducts the raps for Chelsea's Tenth Precinct.
  6. (ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
    • 2006, CBC, Finland, Sweden 'the dream final', February 26 2002,
      The neighbouring countries have enjoyed many great battles on the ice. They last met for gold at the 1998 world championship, won by Sweden. Three years earlier, Finland bested Sweden for the only world title in its history.
  7. (now dialectal) Icing; frosting ("a sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar").
    • 1990, Jean Faley, quoting John McKee, Up Oor Close: Memories of Domestic Life in Glasgow Tenements, 1910–1945, Wendlebury, Oxon: White Cockade, →ISBN, page 132:
      Well weddings, they were just the usual ... my big brother was married in the Masonic and the Co-operative done the party. Steak pie and tatties, and all that sort of stuff. The wee square Albert cake with ice on it, fruit cake. Then the wee dance after that. There was no drinking at oor wedding!
  8. (countable)
    1. A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.
    2. (UK, dated) An ice cream.
    3. (obsolete) An individual piece of ice.
  9. (slang, crime)
    1. Elephant or rhinoceros ivory that has been poached and sold on the black market.
    2. An artifact that has been smuggled, especially one that is either clear or shiny.
    3. Money paid as a bribe.
      • 1960, United States. Congress, Congressional Record:
        Theater operators, theater party agents, playwrights, and others who have ready access to tickets may get in on the “ice” and sometimes the producer is in on it too.
      • 1970, Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates:
        This “ice” is bribe money paid to public officials to purchase protection for illegal activities. […] Just consider the “ice” money available to the men involved in the examples just cited.
    4. (drugs) The crystal form of amphetamine-based drugs, including methamphetamine.
      Near-synonym: crystal meth
      • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 122:
        There were times when she could tell the Washingtons were overwhelmed by Jahlil's difficult ways, and one time Jessie even had the nerve to ask Carmiesha if she had smoked anything like crack or ice while she was pregnant with him.
  10. (slang) One or more diamonds.

ice (third-person singular simple present ices, present participle icing, simple past and past participle iced)

  1. (intransitive) To become ice; to freeze.
  2. (transitive) To cool with ice, as an injured body part or a beverage.
    • 2008, Deirdre Pitney, Donna Dourney, Triathlon Training For Dummies, page 240:
      To treat runner's knee, you need to rest from running or any other high-impact activity, ice the knee, and strengthen the quadriceps through weight training.
  3. (transitive) To make icy; to freeze.
    The bridge ices before the road.
  4. (transitive) To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc.
  5. (transitive, ice hockey) To put out a team for a match.
    Milton Keynes have yet to ice a team this season
  6. (transitive, ice hockey) To shoot the puck the length of the playing surface, causing a stoppage in play called icing.
    If the Bruins ice the puck, the faceoff will be in their own zone.
  7. (transitive, slang) To murder.
    • 2011, Gavin Knight, Hood Rat, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 158:
      Not long afterwards Wolf rings him up. 'I want you to ice someone for £15,000, he says. "No one you know."
  8. (transitive, slang) To defeat decisively.
    Despite his vulnerabilities, Clinton managed to ice Dole in his 1996 reelection campaign for President.

to cool with ice

to freeze

to murder

to cover with icing

ice hockey: to put a team on ice for a match

ice hockey: to shoot an icing

Uncertain, perhaps from a Saharan language; compare Dazaga idi.

icḕ m (possessed form icèn)

  1. wood
  2. tree
  3. stick

īce

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of īciō

ice

  1. romanization of ᡳᠴᡝ

ice

  1. alternative form of is (“ice”)

īċe

  1. inflection of īċan:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. singular present subjunctive

ice

  1. inflection of içar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

ice (3rd person possessive icesi, plural iceler)

  1. alternative form of ica
    Synonym: ama

ice

  1. inflection of izar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative