ki- - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

ki-

  1. Nonstandard form of Ki- (“kibi-”)

kī- (before vowels kil-, class N first-person plural)

  1. the subject of a hortative verb
    let us
  2. the subject of a negative active transitive verb
    we don't
  3. the subject of a negative active intransitive verb
    we don't

From interrogative and relative pronouns of European languages, such as French (qui , que, quoi, quel, quand, comment, combien), Italian (che), Russian (кто, как, какой, куда, когда).

ki-

  1. wh-, what (interrogative/relative correlative prefix)

ki-

  1. what, which (interrogative prefix)

ki-

  1. (verbal prefix) It indicates actions with outward direction or actions aiming fulfillment.
    megy (“to go”) → kimegy (“to exit, to go out”)
  2. construed with magát and definite conjugation of originally intransitive verbs: to one's heart's content, as much as one wants or needs
    alszik (“to sleep”) → kialussza magát (“to get enough sleep”)
    úszik (“to swim”) → kiússza magát (“to have enough swim”)
    beszél (“to speak”) → kibeszéli magát (“to say everything that weighs on one’s mind”)

ki-

  1. Rōmaji transcription of き

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

ki- (plural bi-)

  1. class 7 prefix
  2. class 7 subject concord
  3. used to form name of languages
  4. used to form name of villages

ki- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨗ)

  1. we (first person plural inclusive)
  2. you (polite second person singular and plural)

ki-

  1. (Bavarian) alternative form of gi-

ki-

  1. (personal) it, her, him, third-person singular object marker.
    Te kikak aka
    Nobody heard it/him/her

Nikneki se kinia

I want (it) a banana

Other scripts
Ajami كِـ

Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *ki-, from Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

In Sabaki, cognate with Ngazidja Comorian hi- ~ i- and Digo chi-. Other Bantu cognates include Rwanda-Rundi ki- and Zulu si-.

ki- (plural vi-)

  1. ki class(VII) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly artefacts (objects made by humans) and people or objects with physical defects
    kitu kizuri ― a nice thing
    kilema ― a crippled person
    1. diminutive prefix
      ‎ki- + ‎_mtoto_ (“child”) → ‎_kitoto_ (“baby”)
  2. prefix used to derive adverbs from nouns describing human qualities
    ‎ki- + ‎_mtoto_ (“child”) → ‎_kitoto_ (“childishly”)
    ‎ki- + ‎_-shenzi_ (“barbarous”) → ‎_kishenzi_ (“like a barbarian”)
    1. forms the name of a language
      ‎ki- + ‎Arabic سَوَاحِل (sawāḥil, “coastal dwellers”) → ‎_Kiswahili_ (“Swahili language”)
      ‎ki- + ‎_Uingereza_ (“England”) → ‎_Kiingereza_ (“English language”)
  3. (prefixed to an entire noun, including its class prefix) adverbial prefix
    ‎ki- + ‎_mapenzi_ (“love”) → ‎kimapenzi (“romantically”)
    • 2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:
      […] mwingiliano wa miaka mingi kibiashara, kijamii na kiutamaduni katika nchi hizi mbili.
      […] many years of interaction, commercially, societally, and culturally, between these two countries.
  4. (prefixed to reduplicated locative word) adverbial prefix
    ‎ki- + ‎_juu_ (“top, surface”) → ‎_kijuujuu_ (“superficially”)

Adverbs derived with this prefix are often used as adjectives with a preceding -a:

‎_-a_ + ‎ki- + ‎_mke_ (“woman”) → ‎-a kike (“female”)

‎_-a_ + ‎ki- + ‎_mataifa_ (“nations”) → ‎-a kimataifa (“international”)

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

ki-

  1. it, ki class(VII) subject concord
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[1], stanza 14:
      نِكَمَ كِسِمَ كِسِگُ وُمْبِّ ، كِنْيِ مْتَپَاءَ مَانَ وَغُمْبِ
      Ni-kama kisima kisicho ombe, chenye mta-paa mwana wa-ng'ombe,
      It is like a shallow well where charges a young bull;
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
      […] na kichwa chake kiwazi kilituonyesha nywele zilizochanwa na kupasuliwa njia katikati.
      […] and his uncovered head showed us combed hair with a middle part.
  2. verb-initial form of -ki- (“it, ki class(VII) object concord”)

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

ki-

  1. class 7 pronominal concord
    ‎ki- + ‎_-nu_ (“this, these”) → ‎_kinu_ (“this (class 7)”)
  2. it; class 7 subject concord
    ‎ki- + ‎_-kora_ (“to do”) → ‎_kikora_ (“it (class 7) does”)
  3. positive imperative form of -ki- (“it; class 7 object concord”)
    ‎ki- + ‎_-ha_ (“to give”) → ‎_kiha_ (“give it (class 7)”)

Compare with Navajo ho-, hw-, Hupa xo-, and Ahtna ko-, ku-.

ki-

  1. Marks an areal verbal subject

Subject prefixes

| | singular | plural | | | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | | 1st person | sh-, i- | di- | | 2nd person | n- | oh- | | 3rd person | ∅- | | | 3rd person obviate | yi- | | | Indefinite | chʼi-, ʼ- | | | Areal | ki- | |

ki-

  1. Marks an indefinite possessor or object of a postposition.
    ‎_-siʼ_ (“head”) + ‎ki- → ‎_kisiʼ_ (“one's head”)

Wailaki possessive/prepositional prefixes

| | singular | plural | | | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | 1st person | shi- | ŋhoh- | | 2nd person | ni- | ŋhoh- | | 3rd person | bi- | | | Reflexive | ʼaa- | | | Indefinite | ki- | | | Thematic | kyʼi- | | | Obviative | yidi- | | | Reciprocal | ł- | |

ki-

  1. Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive non-transitive-agent prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel i.
  2. Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive transitive agent prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.

Ye'kwana personal markers

| | pronoun | noun possessor/series II verb argument | postposition object | series I verb argument | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | | transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | | | | first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | | | | first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, **ki-**1 | | | | second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | | | | first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | | third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | | | | | distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | | | | | coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | | | | reciprocal | — | — | öö- | | | | With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable. | | | | | |

| | series I verb argument:transitive agent and transitive patient | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- | | first person dual exclusive > second person | | | second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | | second person > first person dual exclusive | | | third person > any person X …_or_… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |