kula - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

kula (plural kulas)

1. A tower, turret or steeple in Southeast Europe erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
   • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, pages 107–108:
     Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.
   • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće, The Bosniak, page 5:
     The most important kulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.
   • 1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, page 111:
     The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', i.e. adult men ready to fight.

From a Melanesian language.[1]

kula (uncountable)

1. A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority.

2. ^ “kula, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

• Kalu, Luka, lauk

Borrowed from Old Javanese kula (“family; descent, origin”), from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

• IPA(key): /ku.lə/
• Rhymes: -ulə
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kula (Balinese script ᬓᬸᬮ)

1. family

• kulagotra

• “kula”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [_Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia_] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [_Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali_].

kula

1. to obtain

kula

1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

kula

1. to glue; to join or attach something using glue

• IPA(key): [ˈkula]

kula

1. inflection of kout:
   1. feminine singular past active participle
   2. neuter plural past active participle

• IPA(key): /ˈku.la/, [ˈku.lə]

From Proto-Polynesian *tula (“bald, bare”). Cognate with Tongan tula (“bald”).

kula

1. (dry) field, pasture
2. plain, open country

• Kula
• kulakula

From Proto-Central-Eastern Polynesian *tura "container".

kula

1. (rare) basket-like fish trap
2. container
3. source
   kula waiwai ― source of income

Borrowed from English school.

kula

1. school

• kukula (“go to school”, verb)
• kula aupuni (“public school”)
• kula haʻahaʻa (“elementary school”)
• kula kamaliʻi (“preschool”)
• kula kiʻekiʻe (“highschool”)
• kula nui (“university”)
• kula uku (“private school”)
• kula waena (“middle school”)

Borrowed from English gold. Displaced ʻulaʻula

kula

1. gold
   Synonym: ʻulaʻula

kula

1. (stative) golden

• kula in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.

Borrowed from Romani khul (“shit”).[1]

• IPA(key): [ˈkulɒ]
• Hyphenation: ku‧la
• Rhymes: -lɒ

kula (plural kulák)

1. (slang) shit
   Synonym: szar

2. ^ “kula”, in Edina Szabó, A magyar börtönszleng szótára [A Dictionary of Hungarian Prison Slang] (Szlengkutatás; 5)‎[1], Debrecen: Kossuth Egyetemi Kiadó, →ISBN, page 140, 2008.

kula

1. romanization of ꦏꦸꦭ

Ultimately from Persian کل (kol).

• (Mansûrâbâdî) IPA(key): [qulɒ]
• (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [kʊla(ː)], [ku̞laː]

kula (comparative kulatar)

1. short, small

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1971), Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN

kula

1. ginger

-kula (infinitive kokula)

1. to obtain

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦭ (kula).

• (Standard Literary) IPA(key): /ˈkula/ [ˈku.la]
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural **kula-kula or **kula2)

1. (Javanese) slave

kula (Jawi spelling کولا)

1. (Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)
   Synonyms: aku, saya

• "kula" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [_Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)_] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

kula

1. not (negative particle)

kula

1. male she oak tree.

• kulen

kula f

1. definite feminine singular of kule

kula f

1. definite singular of kule

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

• IPA(key): /ku.la/
• Rhymes: -la
• Homophones: kula, kūla
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kula

1. family
2. descent, origin

• kakulan

• amarakula

• apsarakula

• buddhakula

• dwijakula

• dānawakula

• gokula

• gurukula

• jinakula

• jātikula

• raṇakula

• ripukula

• rājakula

• rākṣasakula

• sambadhakula

• satkula

• siṅhakula

• tathāgatakula

• > Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (inherited)

  • → Malay: kula
  • → Musi: kulo

• → Balinese: kula

kula

1. wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen

• aṅulani

• kinulan

• kula-kula

• makula-kulan

• pakulan-kulan

• "kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

• IPA(key): [ˈku.la]

kula

1. to give
   O ngeweka gena moikula o pipi.
   That woman gave me money.

• Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2023), Kamus Pagu-Indonesia-Inggris, Jakarta: Penerbit BRIN

Alternative scripts

• 𑀓𑀼𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• कुल (Devanagari script)
• কুল (Bengali script)
• කුල (Sinhalese script)
• ကုလ or ၵုလ (Burmese script)
• กุล or กุละ (Thai script)
• ᨠᩩᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ກຸລ or ກຸລະ (Lao script)
• កុល (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄪𑄣 (Chakma script)

Inherited from Sanskrit कुल (kula).

kula n

1. clan, caste, family

• → Burmese: ကုလား (ku.la:)
• → Thai: กุล (gun)

Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “kula”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel,[1] in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule.[2]

• IPA(key): /ˈku.la/

• (Greater Poland):

  • (Kociewie) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]
  • (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]
  • (Western Greater Poland) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]
  • (Central Greater Poland) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]

• (Masovia):

  • (Łowicz) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]

• (Lesser Poland):

  • (Eastern Kraków) IPA(key): [ˈku.la]

• Rhymes: -ula

• Syllabification: ku‧la

• Homophone: Kula

kula f (diminutive kulka)

1. ball (spherical object)
   kula śnieżna ― snowball
2. (mathematics, geometry, topology) ball
3. bullet
4. crutch
   chodzić o kulach ― to walk on crutches
5. (sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)
   pchnięcie kulą ― shot put
6. (Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively) synonym of głowa
7. (Kociewie) crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village
8. (Eastern Kraków, Gmina Stopnica) synonym of kłonica (“stanchion of a wagon”)
9. (Łowicz) announcement (card with official messages sent by the village head throughout the village)

• człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi

• → Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)

• → Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)

• → Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)

• piłka

• kłębek

1. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula I”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kula II”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

• “kula”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “kula”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish)
• Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 19
• Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 27
• Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 134
• Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 153
• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “kula”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 211
• Halina Świderska (1929), “kula”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 109
• luka

Ottoman Turkish قله (kulle)bor.

Serbo-Croatian kula

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قله (kulle).

• IPA(key): /kǔːla/
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ку́ла)

1. tower
   Synonym: tóranj
   Momina kula ― Maiden's Tower (also known as Leander's Tower)
2. turret
   Synonyms: kùpola, tóranj
3. belfry, steeple
   Synonym: zvònīk
4. (chess) rook
   Synonym: tȍp

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text)
kralj краљ	dama, kraljica дама, краљица	top, kula топ, кула	lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер	skakač, konj скакач, коњ	pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун

• IPA(key): /ˈkula/
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kula

1. (transitive) to tell

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30
• Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

kula

1. to be sick/ill

Probably from Kongo kula (“to cast off, to drive off”), from Proto-Bantu *-kUd-a (“pull”).[1]

• IPA(key): /kula/, [kula̠], [kulɑ̟]

kula

1. boat pole

kula

1. to pole a boat

• kulaman

• Aukan: kulá

• Saramaccan: kulá

1. ^ Norval Smith (2015), “A preliminary list of probable Kikongo (KiKoongo) lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 436

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀dɪ́a.

kula (verbal noun of the ku class)

1. infinitive of -la.

From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”) and German Kugel (“ball, sphere, bullet”).

• Rhymes: -²ʉːla

kula c

1. a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere
2. a testicle
   Synonym: pungkula
3. a bullet
   En kula träffade honom rakt i tinningen.
   A bullet hit him right in the temple.
4. a den (inhabited cavern or hollow)
5. (slang, chiefly in the plural) money
   Jag har tjänat massa kulor med den här bilen.
   I've made tons of cash with this car.
6. (heraldry) roundel
7. (athletics) shot put (athletics event)
   Synonym: kulstötning
8. (of icecream) scoop

• geishakula

• jordkula

• julkula

• knipkula

• krängkula

• kulform

• kulformad

• kulfång

• kulgevär

• kullager

• kulled

• kulspel

• kulspruta (abbreviated ksp )

• kulsprutegevär (abbreviated kg )

• kulsprutepistol (abbreviated kpist )

• kulventil

• lejonkula

• malkula

• pungkula

• samlagskula

• spelkula

• vaginalkula

• → Finnish: kuula

• stöta

• “kula”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)

• “kula”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

• “kula”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

• IPA(key): [ˈku.la]

kula

1. (ditransitive) to give

• Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Possibly from Spanish colar (“to sift; to strain”).

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kuˈla/ [kʊˈla]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ku‧la

kulá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ)

1. bleaching of clothes under the sun (usually with blueing)
   Synonym: pagkukula
2. clothes being bleached under the sun

• ikula

• kulahin

• magkula

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkula/ [ˈkuː.lɐ]

• Rhymes: -ula

• Syllabification: ku‧la

kula (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ) (botany)

1. Geodorum densiflorum (terrestrial orchid)

• “kula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• ulak
• IPA(key): /kʊˈla/
• Hyphenation: ku‧la

kula

1. accusative singular of kul

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kula

1. old

From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella.

kula

1. fish

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kula

1. star