massacre - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

• massacer (archaic)

1580, from Middle French massacre, from Old French macacre, marcacre, macecre, macecle (“slaughterhouse, butchery”), usually thought to be deverbal from Old French macecrer, macecler (“to slaughter”), though the noun seems to be attested somewhat earlier. It is also found in Medieval Latin mazacrium (“massacre, slaughter, killing”, also “the head of a newly killed stag”). Further origin disputed:

• From Latin macellum (“butcher shop”).
• From Vulgar Latin *matteuculāre, from *matteuca (cf. massue), from Late Latin mattea, mattia, from Latin mateola.
• From Middle Low German *matskelen (“to massacre”) (compare German metzeln (“massacre”)), frequentative of matsken, matzgen (“to cut, hew”), from Proto-West Germanic *maitan, from Proto-Germanic *maitaną (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“small”). Akin to Old High German meizan (“to cut”) among others.
• Note also Arabic مَجْزَرَة (majzara), originally “spot where animals are slaughtered”, now also “massacre”, and in Maghrebi Arabic “slaughterhouse”. Derived from جَزَرَ (jazara, “to cut, slaughter”).
• IPA(key): /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/

massacre (countable and uncountable, plural massacres)

1. The killing of a considerable number (usually limited to people) where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and/or contrary to civilized norms.
   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:
     I'll find a day to massacre them all,
     And raze their faction and their family
     St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
     St. Valentine's Day Massacre
     Amritsar Massacre
2. (obsolete) Murder.
   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
     The tyrannous and bloody act is done,—
     The most arch deed of piteous massacre
     That ever yet this land was guilty of.
3. (figuratively) Any overwhelming defeat, as in a game or sport.

• (mass killing contrary to civilized norms): butchery, slaughter (in the manner of livestock); decimation (strictly an orderly selection of ⅒ of a group for slaughter; see its entry for other terms concerning other ratios)
• (mass killing contrary to civilized norms): atrocity; war crime; ethnic cleansing
• St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
• carnage
• mass murder
• massacrer
• massacree

intentional mass killing

• Albanian: masakër (sq) f
• Arabic: مَذْبَحَة f (maḏbaḥa), مَجْزَرَة f (majzara)
  South Levantine Arabic: مَذْبَحَة (mádbaha), مَجْزَرَة (májzara)
• Armenian: կոտորած (hy) (kotorac)
• Azerbaijani: qətliam, qırğın, qırhaqır
• Belarusian: разня́ f (raznjá), бо́йня f (bójnja), разні́ца f (razníca)
• Bulgarian: ма́сово кла́не n (másovo kláne), клане́ (bg) n (klané)
• Burmese: လူသတ်ပွဲ (lusatpwai:)
• Catalan: massacre (ca) f
• Chinese:
  Mandarin: 大屠殺 / 大屠杀 (zh) (dàtúshā), 屠殺 / 屠杀 (zh) (túshā), 慘案 / 惨案 (zh) (cǎn'àn)
• Czech: masakr (cs) m, pogrom m
• Danish: massakre (da) c
• Dutch: bloedbad (nl)
• Esperanto: amasbuĉado, masakro
• Estonian: tapatalg
• Finnish: joukkomurha (fi), verilöyly (fi), teurastus (fi)
• French: massacre (fr) m
• Galician: masacre (gl) m
• Georgian: ხოცვა-ჟლეტა (xocva-žleṭa)
• German: Massaker (de) n
• Greek: σφαγή (el) (sfagí)
• Hebrew: טֶבַח (he) m (tévakh)
• Hungarian: mészárlás (hu), öldöklés (hu)
• Ido: masakro (io)
• Indonesian: pembantaian (id)
• Italian: strage (it) f
• Japanese: 大虐殺 (ja) (たいぎゃくさつ, daigyakusatsu), 虐殺 (ja) (ぎゃくさつ, gyakusatsu), 惨殺 (ja) (ざんさつ, zansatsu), 皆殺し (みなごろし, minagoroshi)
• Kazakh: қырғын (qyrğyn)
• Korean: 학살(虐殺) (ko) (haksal), 대학살(大虐殺) (ko) (daehaksal)
• Latin: trucīdātiō f, strāgēs f
• Latvian: slaktiņš m, masveida slepkavība f
• Lithuanian: žudynės f pl, skerdynės f pl
• Macedonian: ко́леж m (kólež), ко́лење n (kólenje), крвопроле́вање n (krvoprolévanje), маса́кр m (masákr)
• Maori: hingahinga, parewhero (in battle), whakapiko, tārukenga
• Norman: machacréthie f, machacre m
• Norwegian:
  Bokmål: massakre (no) m
• Occitan: massacre (oc) m
• Ottoman Turkish: قان (kan)
• Persian: کشتار (fa) (koštâr), قتل عام (fa) (qatl-e âm)
• Polish: masakra (pl) f, rzeź (pl) f
• Portuguese: massacre (pt) m
• Romanian: masacru (ro) n
• Russian: резня́ (ru) f (reznjá), бо́йня (ru) f (bójnja), ма́ссовое уби́йство n (mássovoje ubíjstvo)
• Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: маса̀кр m, по̀кољ m, кла́ње n, крвопроли́ће m, сеча f
  Roman: masàkr (sh) m, pòkolj (sh) m, klánje (sh) n, krvoprolíće m, seča f
• Slovak: masaker m, masakra f
• Slovene: pokol (sl) m, masaker m
• Spanish: masacre (es) f
• Swedish: massaker (sv) c
• Tagalog: masaker
• Tarifit: tamenɣiwt f
• Telugu: ఊచకోత (ūcakōta)
• Thai: การสังหารหมู่ (gaan-sǎng-hǎan-mùu)
• Turkish: katliam (tr)
• Ukrainian: різня́ f (riznjá), різани́на f (rizanýna), маса́кра f (masákra), бо́йня (uk) f (bójnja)
• Uyghur: قىرغىنچىلىق (qirghinchiliq)
• Vietnamese: sự tàn sát (vi) (事殘殺)
• Welsh: llofruddiaeth (cy), aerfa m, galanas f

massacre (third-person singular simple present massacres, present participle massacring, simple past and past participle massacred)

1. (transitive) To kill in considerable numbers where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to civilized norms. (Often limited to the killing of human beings.)
2. (transitive, figuratively) To win against (an opponent) very decisively.
3. (transitive, figuratively) To perform (a work, such as a musical piece or a play) very poorly.
4. (transitive, proscribed) To kill with great force or brutality.
   • 1972, The Godfather (film)
     Look how they massacred my boy.

to kill in considerable numbers

• Arabic: قَتَّلَ (ar) (qattala), ذَبَّحَ (ḏabbaḥa)

• Armenian: կոտորել (hy) (kotorel)

• Bulgarian: коля (bg) (kolja), избивам (bg) (izbivam)

• Catalan: massacrar (ca)

• Chinese:
  Mandarin: 屠殺 / 屠杀 (zh) (túshā)

• Czech: masakrovat

• Danish: massakrere

• Esperanto: amasbuĉi

• Finnish: joukkomurhata, teurastaa (fi)

• French: massacrer (fr)

• Galician: masacrar (gl)

• Georgian: ხოცვა-ჟლეტა (xocva-žleṭa), ხოცვა-ჟლეტის მოწყობა (xocva-žleṭis moc̣q̇oba)

• German: massakrieren (de)

• Ido: masakrar (io)

• Indonesian: membantai (id)

• Italian: massacrare (it)

• Latin: trucīdō

• Macedonian: ко́ле (kóle)

• Maori: whārona awatea, whakawhārona

• Norman: machacrer

• Norwegian: massakrere

• Occitan: massacrar (oc)

• Ottoman Turkish: قیرمق (kırmak)

• Polish: wymordować (pl) pf

• Portuguese: massacrar (pt)

• Romanian: masacra (ro)

• Russian: устра́ивать резню́ impf (ustráivatʹ reznjú), устро́ить резню́ pf (ustróitʹ reznjú)

• Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: масакрирати, поклати, поубијати
  Roman: masakrirati (sh), poklati (sh), poubijati (sh)

• Slovene: poklati

• Spanish: masacrar (es)

• Thai: สังหารหมู่ (sǎng-hǎan-mùu)

• Turkish: katletmek (tr)

• Vietnamese: tàn sát (vi) (殘殺)

• Marescas, massacer

Borrowed from French massacre.

• IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [məˈsa.kɾə]
• IPA(key): (Valencia) [maˈsa.kɾe]

massacre f (plural massacres)

1. massacre

• massacrar
• “massacre” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• IPA(key): /ma.sakʁ/

Inherited from Middle French massacre, from the verb massacrer.

massacre m (plural massacres)

1. massacre

• jeu de massacre

• massacrer

• → Catalan: massacre

• → Danish: massakre

• → German: Massaker

• → Norwegian Bokmål: massakre

• → Norwegian Nynorsk: massakre

• → Portuguese: massacre

• → Spanish: masacre

massacre

1. inflection of massacrer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “massacre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
• sacrâmes, sarcasme

Of disputed origin:

• Most likely from Old French macecrer, macecler, from Vulgar Latin *matteuculāre, from *matteuca (cf. massue), from Late Latin mattia, *mattea, from Latin mateola.
• From a derivative of Latin macellum (“butcher shop”), although this is less likely.
• From Old French macacre, macecle (“slaughterhouse, butchery”), alternatively from Medieval Latin mazacrium (“massacre, slaughter, killing”, also “the head of a newly killed stag”), from Middle Low German *matskelen (“to massacre”) (compare German metzeln (“massacre”)), frequentative of matsken, matzgen (“to cut, hew”), from Proto-West Germanic *maitan, from Proto-Germanic *maitaną (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“small”). Akin to Old High German meizan (“to cut”) among others.

massacre m (plural massacres)

1. massacre

• French: massacre

From French massacre.

massacre m (plural massacres)

1. massacre

• massacrar

Borrowed from French massacre.[1][2]

• (Brazil) IPA(key): /maˈsa.kɾi/

• (Brazil) IPA(key): /maˈsa.kɾi/

  • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /maˈsa.kɾe/

• (Portugal) IPA(key): /mɐˈsa.kɾɨ/

• Hyphenation: mas‧sa‧cre

massacre m (plural massacres)

1. massacre

• massacrar
• massacrante

1. ^ “massacre”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
2. ^ “massacre”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

massacre

1. inflection of massacrar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative