ojciec - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Proto-Indo-European *átta

Proto-Balto-Slavic *áta

Proto-Slavic *otъ

Polish ojciec

Inherited from Old Polish ociec. The additional j in the nominative is by analogy with the oblique stem (genitive oćca > Polish ojca).[1][2]

ojciec m pers (diminutive ojczulek, augmentative ojczysko, abbreviation o. or oo.)

  1. father (human male who begets a child)
    Synonyms: rodzic, rodziciel, papa, staruszek, stary, tata, zgred
  2. father (animal male that begets a child)
  3. (figurative) father (person who instigates something)
    Synonym: twórca
  4. (Christianity) father (member of a church council)
  5. (Christianity) term of address for a priest; father
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ksiądz
  6. term of address for a man; father
  7. (chiefly in the plural) father (ancestor)
  8. (obsolete, endearing) protector
    Synonym: opiekun
  9. (obsolete or dialectal, Kuyavia, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz, Podegrodzie, Żywiec, Masovian Borderland, Łowicz, in the plural) parents
    Synonym: rodzice
  10. (obsolete, games) type of party game
  11. (obsolete, theater) great actor
  12. (obsolete) starost
    Synonym: starosta
  13. (Middle Polish) hermit
    Synonym: pustelnik
  14. (Middle Polish, Christianity) father (the Pope)
    Synonym: papież
  15. (Middle Polish, Christianity) patron
    Synonym: patron
  16. (Middle Polish, theology) scholar, theological writer (expert in the history of the Church and religion)

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ojciec is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 17 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 5 times in essays, 87 times in fiction, and 116 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 238 times, making it the 229th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]

  1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “ojciec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “ociec”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  3. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “ojciec”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 328