os - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Clipping of English Ossetian.

os

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

os (plural ossa)

  1. (anatomy) Synonym of bone.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, page 109:
      I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that the Os or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.

Translations

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

os (plural ora)

  1. (anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).
    Synonym: orifice
    • 1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:
      The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.
    • 2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:
      […] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.

external end of the cervix

Borrowed from Swedish ås.

os (plural osar)

  1. An osar or esker.

Old English -as

Middle English -es

English -s

English os

From o + -s.

os

  1. (rare) Alternative form of o's.

From Dutch os.

os (plural osse, diminutive ossie)

  1. ox (castrated bull)

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

os m pl

  1. the
    Os lugars d'Aragón
    The villages of Aragon

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

os n (plural oasi or oase)

  1. bone

Inherited from Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

os m (plural ossos)

  1. bone

l'os bru ― the brown bear

Inherited from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare French ours, Occitan ors, Spanish oso.

os m (plural ossos, feminine ossa, feminine plural osses)

  1. bear (mammal)

os

  1. plural of o (“the letter O”)

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

os

  1. us, objective of vi
  2. (reflexive pronoun) ourselves
  3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself

Disputed. Cognate to Norwegian Nynorsk os, Swedish os. Maybe related to odør, ozon, and perhaps vind.

os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

  1. smoke
  2. reek
  3. fug

os

  1. imperative of ose

From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

os

  1. water

Declension of os

| | singular | | | ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | nominative | os | | genitive | osi, osig | | dative–locative | osd | | accusative | osi | | ablative–comparative | oses | | instrumental | oser | | comitative | osti | | terminative | [Term?] | | equative | osche | | adessive | osete | | addessive+ ablative | osetes | | addessive+ instrumental | [Term?] |

From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

  1. ox (castrated bull)

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:
      In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

os

  1. (Mañegu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

os m (invariable)

  1. bone
    Le chien a enterré un os.
    The dog buried a bone.
  2. (informal) snag, hitch
    Synonyms: hic, accroc, anicroche
    Il y a un os. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

  1. (definite) the
    Libros que encerran os fondos secretos da cencia.
    Books that contain the secret treasures of science.

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Galician articles

| | Singular | Plural | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | | | Definite articles(the) | o | a | os | as | | Indefinite articles(a, an, some) | un | unha | uns | unhas |

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

os

  1. accusative of eles

Guinea-Bissau Creole

[edit]

From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

os

  1. bone

Can be compared to Proto-Basque *oso (“whole, complete”) and to Basque oso.

os

  1. whole
  2. great

From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)

  1. (literary) deer
    Synonym: fia

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

os (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

  1. over, above

Mutated forms of os

radical eclipsis with _h_-prothesis with _t_-prothesis
os n-os hos t-os

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

From Latin ossum, from os.

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

  1. bone

os

os

ōs

Click on labels in the image.

ōs mulieris (mouth of a woman)

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

  1. mouth
    Synonym: bucca
    Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum
    • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovidius, Tristia 1.2.35–36:
      opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
      ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās
      Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
      (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)
    • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:
      at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram
      But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to an end.
  2. (transferred sense) (in general) head or face
    Synonym: caput
    Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus
    ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the head or face towards someone
    • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.4.124:
      Gorgonis os pulcherrimum cinctum anguibus revellit atque abstulit, […]
      * 1856 translation by Charles Duke Yonge
      […] he tore off and took away a very fine head of the Gorgon with snakes for hair;
  3. (transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.328–329:
      “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, [...].”
      “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [lizards were gone], would recall lizards by his appearance, [...].”
  4. (poetic) speech
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.423:
      […] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.
      * 1697 translation by John Dryden
      They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.
  5. mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.659–660:
      Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, [...] / ait [...].
      [Dido] spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: [...].
      (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)
  6. beak of a ship
  7. edge of a sword
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Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

os n (genitive ossis); third declension

  1. (literal, anatomy) bone
  2. (figurative) bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.100-101:
      “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
      ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque per ossa furōrem.”
      [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through her bones.”
    • Anonymous, Regula Magistri:
      ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere
      By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.
    1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
  3. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse
Request for quotations This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes, then please add them!

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Almost all descendants are derived via a popular variant ossum.

Descendants

os

  1. alternative form of us

Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

os m (plural **os)

  1. bone

ös

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) alternative form of uns

From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

os m or n (definite singular osen or oset, indefinite plural osar or **os, definite plural osane or osa)

  1. an outlet, estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Unknown. Cognate to Danish os, Swedish os.

os m (definite singular osen, indefinite plural osar, definite plural osane)

  1. to fume, smoke
  2. to reek, malodorousness

os

  1. obsolete spelling of oss
    • 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:
      Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden
      thus we turn towards the village

os

  1. past tense of ase
  2. imperative of ose

Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśís

Proto-Slavic *osь

Old Czech os

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

os f

  1. axis, shaft
    • 15th century, Alexandreida, zlomek svatovítský:
      Tu kořist vzkladú na koně,
      každý kóň pojide stóně.
      Vztřěštěchu osi i kola,
      nebo jim kořist odola.
      They put the booty on the horses,
      every horse rode moaning.
      The shafts as well as wheels cracked
      because the booty overpowered them.

From Proto-West Germanic *ansu, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

ōs m

  1. a god
    1. the runic character ᚩ (/o(ː)/)

Strong u-stem, irregular:

Potentially from a Proto-West Germanic *ōs, Proto-Germanic *ōsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”), or from Latin ōs (“the mouth”). Only found in the Old English rune poem, which is analog to Old Norse runology, where the rune ᚬ (/o(ː)/) later on had the cognate name óss, Middle Norwegian ōs, Old Swedish ōs (“inlet”).

ōs m

  1. (rare) a mouth
    1. alternative sense for the runic character ᚩ (/o(ː)/)
      • 9th c., The Old English rune poem:
        ᚩ (os) byþ ordfruma ǣlcre sprǣċe, wīsdōmes wraþu and witena frōfur and eorla gehwām ēasnys and tōhiht.
        ᚩ (mouth) is is the source of every language, Wisdom's support and consolation for the wise; Happiness and hope for every earl.

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

os oblique singular, m (oblique plural **os, nominative singular **os, nominative plural **os)

  1. bone

Hamp derives this from Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts.[1] Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.

os (third-person plural ot)

  1. disjunctive conjunction
  1. ^ Hamp, Eric P. (1978), “Varia II”, in Ériu‎[1], volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved 27 August 2022, pages 149–154

os m

  1. alternative form of as

os f

  1. genitive plural of osa
    Synonym: ós

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

os

  1. masculine plural of o

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

os

  1. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun; them
    Synonyms: (indirect objective) lhes, eles, (prepositional) elas
    Encontrei-os na rua.
    I met them at the street.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:os.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

os m

  1. plural of o

os m (invariable) (Bassa Romagna)

  1. door

Inherited from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

os n (plural oase)

  1. bone

From Old Irish ós, úas (“above, over”).

os (+ dative, no mutation)

  1. (obsolete) over, above

Eye-dialect spelling of ars.

os

  1. alternative form of arsa used before vowels
    "Ial, ial," os a' chailleach ― "Ial, ial," said the old woman

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

  1. (Croatia) axis

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

os f (relational adjective osový, diminutive oska or osička)

  1. (geometry) axis
  2. axle

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

ọ̑s f

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. ós
gen. sing. osí
singular dual plural
nominative(imenovȃlnik) ós osí osí
genitive(rodȋlnik) osí osí osí
dative(dajȃlnik) ôsi oséma osém
accusative(tožȋlnik) ós osí osí
locative(mẹ̑stnik) ôsi oséh oséh
instrumental(orọ̑dnik) osjó oséma osmí

Proto-Slavic *asi

Slovincian os

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *asi.

os

  1. and

os

  1. hold

Inherited from Latin vōs (accusative), vōbīs (dative).

os

  1. (Spain) you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vosotros

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

os

  1. alternative form of ox

Disputed. Cognate to Danish os, Norwegian Nynorsk os. Possibly related to Latin odor, or alternatively Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “perfume”).

os n

  1. (uncountable) fumes, vapors (with a particular odor and slightly suffocating, especially from cooking)
    stekos
    greasy [frying] fumes

From Old Norse óss.

os n

  1. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

  1. indefinite genitive singular of o

os

  1. (impersonal pronoun) it

o (“if”) +‎ -s (“him, her, it, them”)

os

  1. if (used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)
    Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.
    If I’m right, then you’re done for.

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔap (“duck”), borrowed from Middle Chinese 鴨 (MC 'aep, “duck”).[1]

os (classifier: tus)

  1. a duck

| | This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. Probably a natural exclamation in the same vein as English eh.” | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

os

  1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity
    Nyob zoo os. ― Hello.
    Tuaj os. ― You've come.
    Noj mov os. ― Please eat.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010), Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 129; 280.