abdel nofal | Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Art de Limoges (original) (raw)
Papers by abdel nofal
Cette recherche a pour objet l'interculturel dans la didactique du Français Langue Étrangère ... more Cette recherche a pour objet l'interculturel dans la didactique du Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) en général et la contextualisation des manuels scolaires du FLE pour un public syrien de manière spécifique. Ce travail s'interroge sur le sujet de l'application de l'Approche Communicative (AC) adaptée au contexte syrien et les raisons qui ont conduit à la création de l’AC « version syrienne ». En effet, les recherches effectuées par ZREIKI Hyam sous la direction de BLANCHET Philippe en 2008 ont montré que les pratiques des enseignants syriens dans les classes révèlent l'existence d'une sorte de méthodologie semi-directive qui trouve ses limites entre les méthodologies traditionnelles et l'approche communicative, qu'elle a appelé la « version syrienne » de l’AC. L'objectif général de la recherche consiste à rechercher les raisons de la différence, en termes d'application, entre les deux versions originale et syrienne de l'AC. Le cadre théori...
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
Cette recherche a pour objet l'interculturel dans la didactique du Français Langue Étrangère ... more Cette recherche a pour objet l'interculturel dans la didactique du Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) en général et la contextualisation des manuels scolaires du FLE pour un public syrien de manière spécifique. Ce travail s'interroge sur le sujet de l'application de l'Approche Communicative (AC) adaptée au contexte syrien et les raisons qui ont conduit à la création de l’AC « version syrienne ». En effet, les recherches effectuées par ZREIKI Hyam sous la direction de BLANCHET Philippe en 2008 ont montré que les pratiques des enseignants syriens dans les classes révèlent l'existence d'une sorte de méthodologie semi-directive qui trouve ses limites entre les méthodologies traditionnelles et l'approche communicative, qu'elle a appelé la « version syrienne » de l’AC. L'objectif général de la recherche consiste à rechercher les raisons de la différence, en termes d'application, entre les deux versions originale et syrienne de l'AC. Le cadre théori...
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006
The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iro... more The effect of graphite nodularity on microstructure and processing window of austempered cast iron with four-different levels of graphite nodularity and a composition of 3.6% C, 2.2% Si, 0.2% Mn, 1.5% Ni, 0.3% Mo was studied. Microstructural observations and measurements of the retained austenite content and hardness, are reported as functions of austempering time at 440 and 300 • C after austenitising at 900 • C. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that graphite nodularity has considerable effect on the microstructure. After 8 min austempering time at 440 • C austempering temperature and 20 min austempering time at 300 • C austempering temperature, the amount of retained austenite (X␥) increases with the graphite nodularity. The microstructural investigation and hardness test investigation indicate that the graphite nodularity has a significant effect on the time t 1 corresponding to the end of stage I (process window), whereas decreasing the graphite nodularity delays the end of stage I reaction. The starting time of reaction II, t 2 is determined from the variation of X␥ with austempering time, it is indicated that lower graphite nodularity accelerates the start of stage II reaction.
International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2006
Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a func... more Microstructure observations and measurements of retained austenite content are reported as a function of austempering time at temperatures of 440, 370, and 300uC after austenitising at 900uC. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that at early stages of austempering (less than ,8 min), compacted graphite irons usually show higher amounts of retained austenite than spheroidal graphite irons. Compacted graphite irons are characterised by larger iron/graphite interface areas. After the early stages of austempering, the rate of retained austenite increase is higher for spheroidal graphite irons.