Andrea Brandolini | Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (original) (raw)

Papers by Andrea Brandolini

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical and Immunochemical Characterization of Different Varieties of Amaranth (Amaranthus L. ssp.) as a Safe Ingredient for Gluten-free Products

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Nov 18, 2011

Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the... more Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the only therapy is a strict gluten-free diet for life. In recent years, amaranth flour has received considerable attention as an interesting source for the formulation of gluten-free products due to its high nutritional value and low content of prolamins, the toxic proteins for celiacs. The aim of this study was to characterize 40 amaranth varieties using both SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and ELISA to assess their possible tolerance by celiac subjects. All of the amaranth samples studied showed similar binding affinities for both specific anti-gliadin antibodies and human IgAs. In most amaranth grains, the content of gluten-like proteins measured by ELISA was <20 ppm. The molecular characterization of amaranth proteins suggests that amaranth is safe for celiacs to consume. It is recommended that the most suitable amaranth varieties are those having the lowest content of proteins cross-reacting with anti-gliadin antibodies.

Research paper thumbnail of Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products

Molecules

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped... more Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28–48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6–13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.0 g/100 g in Andean lupin), especially unsaturated triacylglycerols; and richness in antioxidant compounds like carotenoids, tocols and phenolics. Particularly relevant is the amount of free phenolics, highly bioaccessible in the small intestine. However, the typical bitter and toxic alkaloids must be eliminated before lupin consumption, hindering its diffusion and affecting its nutritional value. This review summarises the results of recent research in lupin composition for the above-mentioned three classes of antioxidant compounds, both in non-debittered and debittered seeds. Additionally, the influence of technological processes to further increase their nutritional value as well as the effects of food manufacturing on antioxidant co...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of steaming treatment on chemical and technological characteristics of einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) wholemeal flour

Food Chemistry, Dec 1, 2008

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) is an underutilised wheat with high protein, lutein... more Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) is an underutilised wheat with high protein, lutein and tocols content, particularly suited for baby and specialty foods. To study the influence of kernel steaming treatments on chemical and technological properties, seeds of five einkorn accessions and one bread wheat control (cv. Blasco) underwent different steaming conditions, and their wholemeal flours were compared for ash, protein, lutein, tocols and a-amylase content, SDS sedimentation volume and gelatinisation parameters. Furosine, a heat damage marker, was measured as well. The treatments significantly influenced most of the parameters. In particular, lutein, tocols and a-amylase diminished after steaming; SDS sedimentation volumes and most gelatinisation parameters also decreased, whereas gelatinisation temperatures and furosine contents increased. The changes were stronger under more drastic steaming conditions, although treatment  genotype influence was sometimes detected. Steaming induced migration of lutein and tocopherols from the bran and germ fractions to the kernel endosperm.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic variation among lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i>Medik) landraces from Southeast Turkey

Plant Breeding, Apr 1, 2009

The molecular characterization of cultivated plant genepools is of foremost importance for germpl... more The molecular characterization of cultivated plant genepools is of foremost importance for germplasm utilization in plant breeding. However, no comprehensive genetic fingerprinting of Turkish lentil landraces existed so far. To overcome this gap, 38 lentil landraces from southeast Turkey, together with six commercial varieties, were molecularly characterized using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The ISSR analysis, performed with 14 primers, yielded 105 polymorphic bands and the AFLP analysis, carried out with six primer combinations, amplified 119 polymorphic fragments. Even though the AFLP produced more bands per primer combinations, the ISSR detected more polymorphisms. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic means dendrograms based on Jaccard similarities obtained from three data sets: (i) ISSR, (ii) AFLP and (iii) combined ISSR and AFLP data, were similar and separated the landraces into two main groups. Turkish lentil landraces exhibited considerable genetic diversity. One landrace from Karacadag/Diyarbakir region was significantly different from the rest of the germplasm analysed. Jaccard distances highlighted sharp differences among landraces over short geographic distances. The knowledge of regional differentiation has practical utility in the management of germplasm and in breeding programmes.

Research paper thumbnail of A catalogue of Triticum monococcum genes encoding toxic and immunogenic peptides for celiac disease patients

Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Dec 23, 2008

The celiac disease (CD) is an inXammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the ... more The celiac disease (CD) is an inXammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the smallintestine on exposure to the gluten of wheat, barley and rye. The involvement of gluten in the CD syndrome has been studied in detail in bread wheat, where a set of "toxic" and "immunogenic" peptides has been deWned. For wheat diploid species, information on CD epitopes is poor. In the present paper, we have adopted a genomic approach in order to understand the potential CD danger represented by storage proteins in diploid wheat and sequenced a suYciently large number of cDNA clones related to storage protein genes of Triticum monococcum. Four bona Wde toxic peptides and 13 immunogenic peptides were found. All the classes of storage proteins were shown to contain harmful sequences. The major conclusion is that einkorn has the full potential to induce the CD syndrome, as already evident for polyploid wheats. In addition, a complete overview of the storage protein gene arsenal in T. monococcum is provided, including a full-length HMW x-type sequence and two partial HMW y-type sequences.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantification of genetic relationships among A genomes of wheats

Genome, Apr 1, 2006

The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (A u) and Triticum monococcum (A m) in ... more The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (A u) and Triticum monococcum (A m) in polyploid wheats are explored and quantified by AFLP fingerprinting. Forty-one accessions of A-genome diploid wheats, 3 of AG-genome wheats, 19 of AB-genome wheats, 15 of ABD-genome wheats, and 1 of the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii have been analysed. Based on 7 AFLP primer combinations, 423 bands were identified as potentially A genome specific. The bands were reduced to 239 by eliminating those present in autoradiograms of Ae. tauschii, bands interpreted as common to all wheat genomes. Neighbour-joining analysis separates T. urartu from T. monococcum. Triticum urartu has the closest relationship to polyploid wheats. Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. turgidum subsp. durum lines are included in tightly linked clusters. The hexaploid spelts occupy positions in the phylogenetic tree intermediate between bread wheats and T. turgidum. The AG-genome accessions cluster in a position quite distant from both diploid and other polyploid wheats. The estimates of similarity between A genomes of diploid and polyploid wheats indicate that, compared with A m , A u has around 20% higher similarity to the genomes of polyploid wheats. Triticum timopheevii AG genome is molecularly equidistant from those of A u and A m wheats.

Research paper thumbnail of A glimpse into the past: Strampelli’s bread wheats legacy

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Jul 26, 2011

More than 100 years ago, before the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance, Nazareno Strampe... more More than 100 years ago, before the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance, Nazareno Strampelli started a deliberate crossing programme among Italian and foreign bread wheat genotypes that led to the constitution of over 100 varieties and allowed Italy to significantly increase wheat production. Several varieties enjoyed worldwide popularity and were instrumental in the success of many other breeding programmes. To better understand the reasons of these accomplishments, 84 accessions, representing 50 Strampelli varieties, were characterized for glutenin storage proteins and AFLP patterns, in order to confirm their identification and to assess their genetic diversity. The molecular markers analysis confirmed the correct attribution of most accessions and highlighted the broad genetic variation existing among Stampelli's varieties. Some genotypes, deemed incompatible with the available pedigree data, were removed from the final analysis. A limited within-variety diversity among genotypes was probably due to incomplete homogeneity and stability of Strampelli materials, but also to the use of heterogeneous local populations as parents.

Research paper thumbnail of Spreading of Wheat Protein Allergens During Natural Evolution and Human Selection of Wheat Species

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular linkage map of Einkorn wheat: mapping of storage-protein and soft-glume genes and bread-making quality QTLs

Genetics Research, Oct 1, 2002

Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map incl... more Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map includes a total of 477 markers, 32 RFLPs, 438 AFLPs, one morphological (soft glume (Sog)) and six storage-protein markers, and covers 856 cM. The trait Sog with the recessive allele sog maps to linkage group 2S. Probably, this is the T. monococcum homologue of Tg and Tg2 in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, respectively. Loci coding for seed storage proteins were allocated to chromosomes 1L (HMW GLU1,2 and Glu1), 1S (LMW GLU6,7, LMW GLU1-4, ωGLI1-4, γGLI5 and Gli-1) and 6L (α\βGLI7-14). Parameters related to bread-making quality (SDS sedimentation volume, specific sedimentation volume (SSV) and total protein content) were studied in one of the two populations. A QTL that is consistently present across environments was detected for SDS sedimentation volume and for SSV. The position of the QTL on chromosome 1S was in close agreement with the map positions of storage-protein loci. A second QTL was mapped on chromosome 5. For protein content, two significant QTLs were mapped to linkage groups 1 and 5.

Research paper thumbnail of Towards the construction of an interspecific introgression line library in einkorn using Triticum urartu

Among Triticum species two different Au and Am genomes derived from Triticum urartu and Triticum ... more Among Triticum species two different Au and Am genomes derived from Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum, respectively, were recognized. Au and Am genomes share similar chromosomal organization, notwithstanding, significant molecular divergences have been assessed using sequence data and AFLP markers, supporting chimeric Au /Am chromosomes as a tool to dissect their genetic differences. Interspecific introgression line (IL) libraries have been used extensively in plants as their power to detect QTLs with small effects is higher compared to mapping populations having whole genome fragments segregating. In addition, interspecific ILs are a valuable tool for adding foreign DNA in "elite" varieties to improve their agronomic traits. Sterility as well as low levels of viability can affect the development of intespecific ILs despite that, they were successfully obtained for tomato, watermelon and barley. Offsprings obtained from crosses between T. urartu and T. monococcum were reported to be sterile, but rare fertile F1 plants were obtained by crossing the "elite" einkorn accession L118 with T. urartu ID388. From these fertile genotypes, ILs were developed backcrossing F1 hybrid lines for several times with T. monococcum L118 as recurrent parent. Hundreds of mapped codominant markers in einkorn are currently used to characterize the exotic DNA fragment in each IL and to construct a panel of ILs carrying overlapping chromosome fragments of T. urartu. As T. monococcum L118 and T. urartu ID388 differ in the grain content of Zn, Ca, carotenoids, tocols as well as in other important agronomic traits, the panel of ILs will be a valuable tool to gain insights on the key loci controlling micronutrient content of kernel in diploid wheats. The phenotyping of the IL panel for some important traits associated with micronutrient content in kernel as well as statistical analyses to identify contingent or transgressive QTLs are currently underway

Research paper thumbnail of Genome‐wide association study of agronomic and quality traits in a world collection of the wild wheat relative <i>Triticum urartu</i>

Plant Journal, Jan 13, 2020

2 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Unità di Ricerca per ... more 2 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia e l'Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA) 3 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Tomato Pomace Addition on Chemical, Technological, Nutritional, and Sensorial Properties of Cream Crackers

Antioxidants

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of tomato pomace (TP) addition on the che... more The aim of this research was to determine the influence of tomato pomace (TP) addition on the chemical, nutritional, and technological characteristics of cream crackers made from wheat flour and 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% TP. The TP-enriched cream crackers showed progressively increasing ash (from 0.69 of the control to 1.22 g/100 g dry matter of the 10% TP sample), fat (from 11.39 to 13.04 g/100 g), protein (from 13.53 to 15.60 g/100 g), total dietary fibre (from 4.08 to 7.80), carotenoids (from 0.55 to 8.56 mg/kg), tocols (from 57.59 to 71.63 mg/kg), free phenolic acids (from 100.08 to 277.37 mg/kg), free flavonoids (from 0.0 to 45.28 mg/kg), bound flavonoids (from 0.0 to 27.71 mg/kg), and fatty acids contents, antioxidant activity and dough viscosity. The colour coordinates increased via augmenting the amounts of TP. Thickness, volume, and specific volume decreased gradually with increasing TP; the enrichment reduced cracker hardness from 65.42 N (control) to 26.28 N (crackers with 10% ...

Research paper thumbnail of Free Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity and FT-NIR Survey of Debittered Lupinus mutabilis Seeds

Processes

Lupinus mutabilis protein-rich seeds must be debittered before consumption. The aim of this resea... more Lupinus mutabilis protein-rich seeds must be debittered before consumption. The aim of this research was to assess free phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and FT-NIR spectra of flours from debittered seeds of 33 Andean ecotypes of L. mutabilis, and five varieties belonging to L. luteus, L. angustifolius and L. albus, as controls. The free phenolics were quantified by RP-HPLC, while the antioxidant capacity was evaluated spectrophotometrically through the Reducing Power, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH methods. The free phenolics of L. mutabilis were mostly (85.5–99.6%) flavonoids (genistein and genistein derivatives, apigenin, catechin and naringenin). Other compounds, detected in low quantities, were phenylethanoids (tyrosol and tyrosol derivative) and phenolic acids (cinnamic acid derivatives). The highest total free phenolic concentration was observed in H6 INIA BP (1393.32 mg/kg DM), followed by Chacas, Moteado beige, Huánuco and Lircay. The antioxidant capacity of the L. mutabilis ec...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition, texture, sensorial quality, and biological activity after in vitro digestion of durum wheat pasta enriched with carrot waste extract encapsulates

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

Aim of this research was to evaluate durum-wheat pasta enriched with encapsulated carrot waste ex... more Aim of this research was to evaluate durum-wheat pasta enriched with encapsulated carrot waste extracts in oil, obtained by freeze drying (FDE) or spray drying techniques (SDE). Five pastas (control, enriched with 10% FDE, or 10% SDE, or 20% FDE, or 20% SDE) were evaluated for furosine, carotenoids, tocols, colour, in vitro bioactivities, cooking performance, texture and sensory quality. The encapsulates added to the enriched pastas α-carotene (0.58-1.24 mg/kg), β

Research paper thumbnail of Tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolics changes during Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) seeds processing

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2022

Andean lupin (L. mutabilis) seeds, appreciated for their high protein and unsaturated lipid conce... more Andean lupin (L. mutabilis) seeds, appreciated for their high protein and unsaturated lipid concentrations, must undergo a drastic water debittering process to eliminate endogenous alkaloids. Aim of this research was to investigate the effects of debittering and further technological treatments such as extrusion and spray-drying (with two different coating agents, gum Arabic and maltodextrin) on the antioxidants of three Andean lupin ecotypes. Tocopherols (mainly γ-tocopherol) and free phenolics (flavonoids, phenylethanoids, phenolic acids) were abundant in bitter seeds, while carotenoids were scarce. After debittering, tocopherols slightly increased, xanthophyll carotenoids and bound flavonoids were unchanged but free phenolics and bound phenolic acids decreased (76% and 50%, respectively). Extrusion did not modify tocopherols and phenolics but marginally reduced (7%) xanthophyll carotenoids. Tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolics dropped after spray-drying (24-27%, 32-36% and 53-57%, respectively), without differences between coating agents. Nevertheless, the total tocopherol and phenolic contents were still abundant even after all processing treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of apple peel powder addition on the physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of bread wheat cookies

Food Science and Technology International, 2020

Apple peel, a food industry by-product, is rich in fibre, polyphenols and minerals, and is a pote... more Apple peel, a food industry by-product, is rich in fibre, polyphenols and minerals, and is a potentially attractive ingredient for bakery products. To evaluate the effect of wheat cookies enrichment with apple peel powder six types of cookies with increasing apple peel powder percentage (0%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 24% and 32%) were produced. The traits analysed were: pasting parameters; chemical properties (moisture, ash, lipid, protein, fibre and total polyphenols content); antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods); physical attributes (width, thickness, volume and CIE lab colour); and sensory characteristics (external appearance, internal structure, texture, odour, taste and aroma). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference test ( p < 0.05). The apple peel powder-enriched cookies had significantly higher moisture, ash, lipid, fibre, total polyphenols and antioxidant cap...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of grape pomace powder addition on chemical, nutritional and technological properties of cakes

LWT, 2020

b Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Zoo... more b Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA), Via Forlani 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy.

Research paper thumbnail of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet): Processing effects on chemical composition, heat damage, and in vitro protein digestibility

Cereal Chemistry, 2020

Background and objectiveAndean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) has health benefits with promising... more Background and objectiveAndean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) has health benefits with promising possibilities for food industry. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of processing (water debittering, extrusion, and spray‐drying) on chemical composition, heat damage and in vitro protein digestibility in Andean lupin.FindingsThe processing treatment modified all the parameters while the genotype showed limited effect. The untreated lupins had high protein and lipid content (47.4 and 16.2 g/100 g dry matter). The extruded products showed higher protein content (55.7 g/100 g) and digestibility (68.1%) than the untreated lupins, along with limited heat damage (8.7 mg furosine/100 g protein). Spray‐drying led to the lowest protein content (31.8 g/100 g) and, when maltodextrin was used, the highest heat damage (54.1 ± 20.7 mg furosine/100 g protein; 0.60 mg hydroxymethylfurfural/kg; 0.58 mg glycosylisomaltol/kg), but also to the maximum protein digestibility (72.8%–74.0%)...

Research paper thumbnail of Einkorn Characterization for Bread and Cookie Production in Relation to Protein Subunit Composition

Cereal chemistry, Sep 1, 1999

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four einkorns were evaluated for agronomic traits in Italy and in Germany in repli... more ABSTRACTTwenty‐four einkorns were evaluated for agronomic traits in Italy and in Germany in replicated plot trials. After dehulling and milling, the harvested kernels, flour protein content, sedimentation volume, falling number, carotenoid, and dry gluten content were determined. Farinograph profiles were obtained with a farinograph and baking and cookie quality were evaluated with standard microtests. Significant differences in yield potential were observed between the two locations, with a three‐fold increase in Germany as compared with Italy. One of the einkorn lines (ID529) had farinograph stability and degree of softening indices better than those of the control bread wheat. All the samples analyzed for breadmaking aptitude showed some degree of stickiness, but it was possible to handle the dough during the different steps of breadmaking. On average, cookies produced with einkorn flour were larger in diameter and thinner than those produced with soft wheat flour. The composition in α‐, β‐ and γ‐gliadins and in high molecular weight glutenin subunits was similar in all the lines. In contrast, the pattern exhibited in low molecular weight glutenin subunits correlated strictly with baking quality. In particular, the lines with bands arbitrarily designated a and b showed a high breadmaking potential, while the lines lacking these bands had an ample range of variability but, on average, a much lower baking potential. Our data point to a simple genetic control of the breadmaking aptitude and indicate einkorn not only as a promising source of specialty foods but also as an ideal species for genetic investigations on wheat quality.

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant Properties of Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Vegetable By-Products

Molecules

The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a p... more The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a protein complex common in several small-grain cereals. However, many alternative gluten-free foods available on the market present nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the composition and the antioxidant properties of gluten-free pasta enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste or linseed meal, two food industry by-products. The traits analysed were protein, lipid, ash and fibre content, heat damage, tocols, carotenoids and phenolics composition (by HPLC), antioxidant capacity, and pasta fracturability. The enriched pastas contained more fibre and lipids than the control, while the protein and ash values were similar. The addition of tomato and linseed waste improved tocols concentration but had no effect on carotenoids content. The free soluble polyphenols increase was similar for both by-products and proportional to the enrichment percentage, while...

Research paper thumbnail of Biochemical and Immunochemical Characterization of Different Varieties of Amaranth (Amaranthus L. ssp.) as a Safe Ingredient for Gluten-free Products

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Nov 18, 2011

Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the... more Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the only therapy is a strict gluten-free diet for life. In recent years, amaranth flour has received considerable attention as an interesting source for the formulation of gluten-free products due to its high nutritional value and low content of prolamins, the toxic proteins for celiacs. The aim of this study was to characterize 40 amaranth varieties using both SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and ELISA to assess their possible tolerance by celiac subjects. All of the amaranth samples studied showed similar binding affinities for both specific anti-gliadin antibodies and human IgAs. In most amaranth grains, the content of gluten-like proteins measured by ELISA was &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;20 ppm. The molecular characterization of amaranth proteins suggests that amaranth is safe for celiacs to consume. It is recommended that the most suitable amaranth varieties are those having the lowest content of proteins cross-reacting with anti-gliadin antibodies.

Research paper thumbnail of Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products

Molecules

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped... more Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28–48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6–13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.0 g/100 g in Andean lupin), especially unsaturated triacylglycerols; and richness in antioxidant compounds like carotenoids, tocols and phenolics. Particularly relevant is the amount of free phenolics, highly bioaccessible in the small intestine. However, the typical bitter and toxic alkaloids must be eliminated before lupin consumption, hindering its diffusion and affecting its nutritional value. This review summarises the results of recent research in lupin composition for the above-mentioned three classes of antioxidant compounds, both in non-debittered and debittered seeds. Additionally, the influence of technological processes to further increase their nutritional value as well as the effects of food manufacturing on antioxidant co...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of steaming treatment on chemical and technological characteristics of einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) wholemeal flour

Food Chemistry, Dec 1, 2008

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) is an underutilised wheat with high protein, lutein... more Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) is an underutilised wheat with high protein, lutein and tocols content, particularly suited for baby and specialty foods. To study the influence of kernel steaming treatments on chemical and technological properties, seeds of five einkorn accessions and one bread wheat control (cv. Blasco) underwent different steaming conditions, and their wholemeal flours were compared for ash, protein, lutein, tocols and a-amylase content, SDS sedimentation volume and gelatinisation parameters. Furosine, a heat damage marker, was measured as well. The treatments significantly influenced most of the parameters. In particular, lutein, tocols and a-amylase diminished after steaming; SDS sedimentation volumes and most gelatinisation parameters also decreased, whereas gelatinisation temperatures and furosine contents increased. The changes were stronger under more drastic steaming conditions, although treatment  genotype influence was sometimes detected. Steaming induced migration of lutein and tocopherols from the bran and germ fractions to the kernel endosperm.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic variation among lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i>Medik) landraces from Southeast Turkey

Plant Breeding, Apr 1, 2009

The molecular characterization of cultivated plant genepools is of foremost importance for germpl... more The molecular characterization of cultivated plant genepools is of foremost importance for germplasm utilization in plant breeding. However, no comprehensive genetic fingerprinting of Turkish lentil landraces existed so far. To overcome this gap, 38 lentil landraces from southeast Turkey, together with six commercial varieties, were molecularly characterized using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The ISSR analysis, performed with 14 primers, yielded 105 polymorphic bands and the AFLP analysis, carried out with six primer combinations, amplified 119 polymorphic fragments. Even though the AFLP produced more bands per primer combinations, the ISSR detected more polymorphisms. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic means dendrograms based on Jaccard similarities obtained from three data sets: (i) ISSR, (ii) AFLP and (iii) combined ISSR and AFLP data, were similar and separated the landraces into two main groups. Turkish lentil landraces exhibited considerable genetic diversity. One landrace from Karacadag/Diyarbakir region was significantly different from the rest of the germplasm analysed. Jaccard distances highlighted sharp differences among landraces over short geographic distances. The knowledge of regional differentiation has practical utility in the management of germplasm and in breeding programmes.

Research paper thumbnail of A catalogue of Triticum monococcum genes encoding toxic and immunogenic peptides for celiac disease patients

Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Dec 23, 2008

The celiac disease (CD) is an inXammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the ... more The celiac disease (CD) is an inXammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the smallintestine on exposure to the gluten of wheat, barley and rye. The involvement of gluten in the CD syndrome has been studied in detail in bread wheat, where a set of "toxic" and "immunogenic" peptides has been deWned. For wheat diploid species, information on CD epitopes is poor. In the present paper, we have adopted a genomic approach in order to understand the potential CD danger represented by storage proteins in diploid wheat and sequenced a suYciently large number of cDNA clones related to storage protein genes of Triticum monococcum. Four bona Wde toxic peptides and 13 immunogenic peptides were found. All the classes of storage proteins were shown to contain harmful sequences. The major conclusion is that einkorn has the full potential to induce the CD syndrome, as already evident for polyploid wheats. In addition, a complete overview of the storage protein gene arsenal in T. monococcum is provided, including a full-length HMW x-type sequence and two partial HMW y-type sequences.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantification of genetic relationships among A genomes of wheats

Genome, Apr 1, 2006

The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (A u) and Triticum monococcum (A m) in ... more The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (A u) and Triticum monococcum (A m) in polyploid wheats are explored and quantified by AFLP fingerprinting. Forty-one accessions of A-genome diploid wheats, 3 of AG-genome wheats, 19 of AB-genome wheats, 15 of ABD-genome wheats, and 1 of the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii have been analysed. Based on 7 AFLP primer combinations, 423 bands were identified as potentially A genome specific. The bands were reduced to 239 by eliminating those present in autoradiograms of Ae. tauschii, bands interpreted as common to all wheat genomes. Neighbour-joining analysis separates T. urartu from T. monococcum. Triticum urartu has the closest relationship to polyploid wheats. Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. turgidum subsp. durum lines are included in tightly linked clusters. The hexaploid spelts occupy positions in the phylogenetic tree intermediate between bread wheats and T. turgidum. The AG-genome accessions cluster in a position quite distant from both diploid and other polyploid wheats. The estimates of similarity between A genomes of diploid and polyploid wheats indicate that, compared with A m , A u has around 20% higher similarity to the genomes of polyploid wheats. Triticum timopheevii AG genome is molecularly equidistant from those of A u and A m wheats.

Research paper thumbnail of A glimpse into the past: Strampelli’s bread wheats legacy

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Jul 26, 2011

More than 100 years ago, before the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance, Nazareno Strampe... more More than 100 years ago, before the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance, Nazareno Strampelli started a deliberate crossing programme among Italian and foreign bread wheat genotypes that led to the constitution of over 100 varieties and allowed Italy to significantly increase wheat production. Several varieties enjoyed worldwide popularity and were instrumental in the success of many other breeding programmes. To better understand the reasons of these accomplishments, 84 accessions, representing 50 Strampelli varieties, were characterized for glutenin storage proteins and AFLP patterns, in order to confirm their identification and to assess their genetic diversity. The molecular markers analysis confirmed the correct attribution of most accessions and highlighted the broad genetic variation existing among Stampelli's varieties. Some genotypes, deemed incompatible with the available pedigree data, were removed from the final analysis. A limited within-variety diversity among genotypes was probably due to incomplete homogeneity and stability of Strampelli materials, but also to the use of heterogeneous local populations as parents.

Research paper thumbnail of Spreading of Wheat Protein Allergens During Natural Evolution and Human Selection of Wheat Species

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular linkage map of Einkorn wheat: mapping of storage-protein and soft-glume genes and bread-making quality QTLs

Genetics Research, Oct 1, 2002

Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map incl... more Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map includes a total of 477 markers, 32 RFLPs, 438 AFLPs, one morphological (soft glume (Sog)) and six storage-protein markers, and covers 856 cM. The trait Sog with the recessive allele sog maps to linkage group 2S. Probably, this is the T. monococcum homologue of Tg and Tg2 in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, respectively. Loci coding for seed storage proteins were allocated to chromosomes 1L (HMW GLU1,2 and Glu1), 1S (LMW GLU6,7, LMW GLU1-4, ωGLI1-4, γGLI5 and Gli-1) and 6L (α\βGLI7-14). Parameters related to bread-making quality (SDS sedimentation volume, specific sedimentation volume (SSV) and total protein content) were studied in one of the two populations. A QTL that is consistently present across environments was detected for SDS sedimentation volume and for SSV. The position of the QTL on chromosome 1S was in close agreement with the map positions of storage-protein loci. A second QTL was mapped on chromosome 5. For protein content, two significant QTLs were mapped to linkage groups 1 and 5.

Research paper thumbnail of Towards the construction of an interspecific introgression line library in einkorn using Triticum urartu

Among Triticum species two different Au and Am genomes derived from Triticum urartu and Triticum ... more Among Triticum species two different Au and Am genomes derived from Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum, respectively, were recognized. Au and Am genomes share similar chromosomal organization, notwithstanding, significant molecular divergences have been assessed using sequence data and AFLP markers, supporting chimeric Au /Am chromosomes as a tool to dissect their genetic differences. Interspecific introgression line (IL) libraries have been used extensively in plants as their power to detect QTLs with small effects is higher compared to mapping populations having whole genome fragments segregating. In addition, interspecific ILs are a valuable tool for adding foreign DNA in "elite" varieties to improve their agronomic traits. Sterility as well as low levels of viability can affect the development of intespecific ILs despite that, they were successfully obtained for tomato, watermelon and barley. Offsprings obtained from crosses between T. urartu and T. monococcum were reported to be sterile, but rare fertile F1 plants were obtained by crossing the "elite" einkorn accession L118 with T. urartu ID388. From these fertile genotypes, ILs were developed backcrossing F1 hybrid lines for several times with T. monococcum L118 as recurrent parent. Hundreds of mapped codominant markers in einkorn are currently used to characterize the exotic DNA fragment in each IL and to construct a panel of ILs carrying overlapping chromosome fragments of T. urartu. As T. monococcum L118 and T. urartu ID388 differ in the grain content of Zn, Ca, carotenoids, tocols as well as in other important agronomic traits, the panel of ILs will be a valuable tool to gain insights on the key loci controlling micronutrient content of kernel in diploid wheats. The phenotyping of the IL panel for some important traits associated with micronutrient content in kernel as well as statistical analyses to identify contingent or transgressive QTLs are currently underway

Research paper thumbnail of Genome‐wide association study of agronomic and quality traits in a world collection of the wild wheat relative <i>Triticum urartu</i>

Plant Journal, Jan 13, 2020

2 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Unità di Ricerca per ... more 2 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia e l'Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA) 3 Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Tomato Pomace Addition on Chemical, Technological, Nutritional, and Sensorial Properties of Cream Crackers

Antioxidants

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of tomato pomace (TP) addition on the che... more The aim of this research was to determine the influence of tomato pomace (TP) addition on the chemical, nutritional, and technological characteristics of cream crackers made from wheat flour and 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% TP. The TP-enriched cream crackers showed progressively increasing ash (from 0.69 of the control to 1.22 g/100 g dry matter of the 10% TP sample), fat (from 11.39 to 13.04 g/100 g), protein (from 13.53 to 15.60 g/100 g), total dietary fibre (from 4.08 to 7.80), carotenoids (from 0.55 to 8.56 mg/kg), tocols (from 57.59 to 71.63 mg/kg), free phenolic acids (from 100.08 to 277.37 mg/kg), free flavonoids (from 0.0 to 45.28 mg/kg), bound flavonoids (from 0.0 to 27.71 mg/kg), and fatty acids contents, antioxidant activity and dough viscosity. The colour coordinates increased via augmenting the amounts of TP. Thickness, volume, and specific volume decreased gradually with increasing TP; the enrichment reduced cracker hardness from 65.42 N (control) to 26.28 N (crackers with 10% ...

Research paper thumbnail of Free Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity and FT-NIR Survey of Debittered Lupinus mutabilis Seeds

Processes

Lupinus mutabilis protein-rich seeds must be debittered before consumption. The aim of this resea... more Lupinus mutabilis protein-rich seeds must be debittered before consumption. The aim of this research was to assess free phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and FT-NIR spectra of flours from debittered seeds of 33 Andean ecotypes of L. mutabilis, and five varieties belonging to L. luteus, L. angustifolius and L. albus, as controls. The free phenolics were quantified by RP-HPLC, while the antioxidant capacity was evaluated spectrophotometrically through the Reducing Power, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH methods. The free phenolics of L. mutabilis were mostly (85.5–99.6%) flavonoids (genistein and genistein derivatives, apigenin, catechin and naringenin). Other compounds, detected in low quantities, were phenylethanoids (tyrosol and tyrosol derivative) and phenolic acids (cinnamic acid derivatives). The highest total free phenolic concentration was observed in H6 INIA BP (1393.32 mg/kg DM), followed by Chacas, Moteado beige, Huánuco and Lircay. The antioxidant capacity of the L. mutabilis ec...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition, texture, sensorial quality, and biological activity after in vitro digestion of durum wheat pasta enriched with carrot waste extract encapsulates

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

Aim of this research was to evaluate durum-wheat pasta enriched with encapsulated carrot waste ex... more Aim of this research was to evaluate durum-wheat pasta enriched with encapsulated carrot waste extracts in oil, obtained by freeze drying (FDE) or spray drying techniques (SDE). Five pastas (control, enriched with 10% FDE, or 10% SDE, or 20% FDE, or 20% SDE) were evaluated for furosine, carotenoids, tocols, colour, in vitro bioactivities, cooking performance, texture and sensory quality. The encapsulates added to the enriched pastas α-carotene (0.58-1.24 mg/kg), β

Research paper thumbnail of Tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolics changes during Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) seeds processing

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2022

Andean lupin (L. mutabilis) seeds, appreciated for their high protein and unsaturated lipid conce... more Andean lupin (L. mutabilis) seeds, appreciated for their high protein and unsaturated lipid concentrations, must undergo a drastic water debittering process to eliminate endogenous alkaloids. Aim of this research was to investigate the effects of debittering and further technological treatments such as extrusion and spray-drying (with two different coating agents, gum Arabic and maltodextrin) on the antioxidants of three Andean lupin ecotypes. Tocopherols (mainly γ-tocopherol) and free phenolics (flavonoids, phenylethanoids, phenolic acids) were abundant in bitter seeds, while carotenoids were scarce. After debittering, tocopherols slightly increased, xanthophyll carotenoids and bound flavonoids were unchanged but free phenolics and bound phenolic acids decreased (76% and 50%, respectively). Extrusion did not modify tocopherols and phenolics but marginally reduced (7%) xanthophyll carotenoids. Tocopherols, carotenoids and phenolics dropped after spray-drying (24-27%, 32-36% and 53-57%, respectively), without differences between coating agents. Nevertheless, the total tocopherol and phenolic contents were still abundant even after all processing treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of apple peel powder addition on the physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of bread wheat cookies

Food Science and Technology International, 2020

Apple peel, a food industry by-product, is rich in fibre, polyphenols and minerals, and is a pote... more Apple peel, a food industry by-product, is rich in fibre, polyphenols and minerals, and is a potentially attractive ingredient for bakery products. To evaluate the effect of wheat cookies enrichment with apple peel powder six types of cookies with increasing apple peel powder percentage (0%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 24% and 32%) were produced. The traits analysed were: pasting parameters; chemical properties (moisture, ash, lipid, protein, fibre and total polyphenols content); antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods); physical attributes (width, thickness, volume and CIE lab colour); and sensory characteristics (external appearance, internal structure, texture, odour, taste and aroma). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference test ( p < 0.05). The apple peel powder-enriched cookies had significantly higher moisture, ash, lipid, fibre, total polyphenols and antioxidant cap...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of grape pomace powder addition on chemical, nutritional and technological properties of cakes

LWT, 2020

b Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Zoo... more b Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA), Via Forlani 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy.

Research paper thumbnail of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet): Processing effects on chemical composition, heat damage, and in vitro protein digestibility

Cereal Chemistry, 2020

Background and objectiveAndean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) has health benefits with promising... more Background and objectiveAndean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) has health benefits with promising possibilities for food industry. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of processing (water debittering, extrusion, and spray‐drying) on chemical composition, heat damage and in vitro protein digestibility in Andean lupin.FindingsThe processing treatment modified all the parameters while the genotype showed limited effect. The untreated lupins had high protein and lipid content (47.4 and 16.2 g/100 g dry matter). The extruded products showed higher protein content (55.7 g/100 g) and digestibility (68.1%) than the untreated lupins, along with limited heat damage (8.7 mg furosine/100 g protein). Spray‐drying led to the lowest protein content (31.8 g/100 g) and, when maltodextrin was used, the highest heat damage (54.1 ± 20.7 mg furosine/100 g protein; 0.60 mg hydroxymethylfurfural/kg; 0.58 mg glycosylisomaltol/kg), but also to the maximum protein digestibility (72.8%–74.0%)...

Research paper thumbnail of Einkorn Characterization for Bread and Cookie Production in Relation to Protein Subunit Composition

Cereal chemistry, Sep 1, 1999

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four einkorns were evaluated for agronomic traits in Italy and in Germany in repli... more ABSTRACTTwenty‐four einkorns were evaluated for agronomic traits in Italy and in Germany in replicated plot trials. After dehulling and milling, the harvested kernels, flour protein content, sedimentation volume, falling number, carotenoid, and dry gluten content were determined. Farinograph profiles were obtained with a farinograph and baking and cookie quality were evaluated with standard microtests. Significant differences in yield potential were observed between the two locations, with a three‐fold increase in Germany as compared with Italy. One of the einkorn lines (ID529) had farinograph stability and degree of softening indices better than those of the control bread wheat. All the samples analyzed for breadmaking aptitude showed some degree of stickiness, but it was possible to handle the dough during the different steps of breadmaking. On average, cookies produced with einkorn flour were larger in diameter and thinner than those produced with soft wheat flour. The composition in α‐, β‐ and γ‐gliadins and in high molecular weight glutenin subunits was similar in all the lines. In contrast, the pattern exhibited in low molecular weight glutenin subunits correlated strictly with baking quality. In particular, the lines with bands arbitrarily designated a and b showed a high breadmaking potential, while the lines lacking these bands had an ample range of variability but, on average, a much lower baking potential. Our data point to a simple genetic control of the breadmaking aptitude and indicate einkorn not only as a promising source of specialty foods but also as an ideal species for genetic investigations on wheat quality.

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant Properties of Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Vegetable By-Products

Molecules

The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a p... more The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a protein complex common in several small-grain cereals. However, many alternative gluten-free foods available on the market present nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the composition and the antioxidant properties of gluten-free pasta enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste or linseed meal, two food industry by-products. The traits analysed were protein, lipid, ash and fibre content, heat damage, tocols, carotenoids and phenolics composition (by HPLC), antioxidant capacity, and pasta fracturability. The enriched pastas contained more fibre and lipids than the control, while the protein and ash values were similar. The addition of tomato and linseed waste improved tocols concentration but had no effect on carotenoids content. The free soluble polyphenols increase was similar for both by-products and proportional to the enrichment percentage, while...