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Research paper thumbnail of Collecting Evidence in Forensic Events and Comparison of the Digital Evidence Practices of Kosovo and Turkey

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and inte... more Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and integrate it with all its elements. There are numerous methods of crime scene investigation in forensic cases. During the judgment phase, the most important factor that will help understand and decide the manner in which the incident took place is the evidence that will provide proof with regard to the incident. Therefore, evidence helps prosecutors and judges correctly understand and establish the relationship between the crime and the criminals and prove the committed crime and ensure correct, fair and rapid execution of the trial with the aim of reaching the material truth. Evidence obtained in the crime scene provides information with regard to the manner in which the crime was committed, the time of the crime, thebehaviour of the perpetrator, the suspect, the victim and the crime scene ensuring the establishment of the relationship between them. On the other hand, with the digital syste...

Research paper thumbnail of Enterprises in Yugoslavia as a Specialty of Workers' Self-Management System During Socialism (1945-1990)

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) many laws were approved that regu... more In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) many laws were approved that regulated the legal capacity of economic organizations (Dobias, 1969);1 however, no law regulated the concept of the enterprise (Stipetić, 1982). The constitution of 13.1.1953 transformed in its Art 4 “state property” to "social property". In addition, workers' self-management of enterprises (economic organizations) was proclaimed as the basis of the social and political order. The work collective managed the assets of the companies on behalf of the company, while the state was responsible for day-to-day management and the funds needed for production (Prasnikar, Svejnar, Mihaljek & Prasnikar, 1994). In this sense, the implementation of participative management systems reflects the intentions of the political leadership to decentralize and liberalize economic life (Zeffane, 1988). The company was not a commercial company, as it is known in the West, but a production cooperative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Digital Evidence and Prohibitions of Evidence Evaluation

Journal of Educational and Social Research

Since the first moment of the history of humanity, various means of evidence and evidence have be... more Since the first moment of the history of humanity, various means of evidence and evidence have been used to reach and detect the offender. As crime types and means of crime have changed and evolved, evidence detection and analysis methods have changed over time. At this point, with the rapid advancement of technology, the emergence of various and new types of crime that can affect many people at the same time in the global world is inevitable. Wherever you are in the world, it is now possible to commit crimes in one way or another that affect one or more people on the other side of the world through the Internet and digital systems. This, in turn, has led states to safeguard their cyber security. For this reason, firstly, it has made a legal regulation to protect its own citizens in domestic law and then it has been forced to cooperate internationally. The way in which classic crime types are committed and the method of evidence is different from the crimes committed through digital...

Research paper thumbnail of Corporate enterprises in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law

Academicus International Scientific Journal, 2014

Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but ret... more Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but retransfering the ownership has been the core of this process in all post communist countries. 1 The objective of this article is to analyse the drafting of commercial legislation in Albania and Macedonia and in which way corporate enterprises were affected from the structure of economic organizations during socialism.

Research paper thumbnail of Selected Aspects of the Property Rights Regime in Slovenia in the Context of the EU

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

After World War II it became part of Yugoslavia and its socalist legal system. The socialist lega... more After World War II it became part of Yugoslavia and its socalist legal system. The socialist legal system that was implemented in Slovenia as in all Republics of the Yugoslav federation was based in the building of state property, which was created by massive confiscations of the property of the so called collaborators in 1945 and then by three nationalization periods which took place between 1945 and 1956. After a difficult economic period, the Yugoslaw state implemented the new system of socialist self management, which meant that workers fullfill directly or equally their social-, economic-and selfadministering rights, and decide on issues dealing with the socioeconomic situation of the enterprise. This legal system was also based in the building of state and social Property. In the late 80's an ideological, political, economic system disintegrated and in Slovenia as in all countries of Eastern Europe, democracy, free market economy and the rule of law, based on private property and free market economy were the foundation of the transformation. In this context this paper analyzes the transformation that took place in the property rights regime in Slovenia in a legal view in compliance with EU law.

Research paper thumbnail of Selected Chapters of Greece’ s Law of Obligations under the Limelight of European Law

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

Greece is member of the EU since 1.1.1981. The accession of Greece to the European Community was ... more Greece is member of the EU since 1.1.1981. The accession of Greece to the European Community was signed and ratified by the Greek Parliament in 1979 with a majority of 193 votes out of 300. Article 28 of the Constitution of 1975 provided the legal basis of the incorporation of Community law into the Greek legal order. According to article 28 competencies provided by the constitution can be vested in agencies of international organizations by treaties or agreements, when this serves an important national interest and promotes cooperation with other states. European Community law has pervasive effects upon the Greek legal order and the regulations have direct applicability and effect in Greece.When required, domestic law is adapted to the provisions of Community law. In addition, Greek law belongs to the civil law tradition. The era of modern Greek law began with

Research paper thumbnail of A Critical Analysis of the Strategic Sector Privatization in Albania

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The privatization of the strategic sector has been the core of the privatization process in Alban... more The privatization of the strategic sector has been the core of the privatization process in Albania. This strategy started in 1998 for the first time and is still in force for the remaining enterprises of the strategic sector. The changes of political and economic system in the early 90's in Albania required a broader reform of the entire legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the privatization of state enterprises. The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized control of economy through five-year plans for 45 years and state ownership (private property was abolished in Albania since the Constitution of 1976) as well as the binding of the enterprise to the priorities of the PPSH or to the fulfillment of the plan, led to the reduction of economic output, the rationing of consumer goods and, ultimately, after the political change to the transformation into a market economy (Åslund, 2013). Privatization and especially the strategic sector privatization was one of the main pillars of free market economy in Albania. My central contention in this paper is to analyse the strategic sector privatization in the perspective of EU standards. In this point of view this process in Albania can only be meaningfully thought through, and I suggest implemented, within the context of the European market (Gärtner 1996), but on the other hand the way this transformation had to be mastered was not clearly defined.

Research paper thumbnail of Concessions in Albania and Macedonia in Comparative Law (Interdisciplinary Studies)

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The changes of political and economic system in the late 80's in Macedonia and early 90's in Alba... more The changes of political and economic system in the late 80's in Macedonia and early 90's in Albania required a broader reform of the entire legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the privatization of state enterprises. Roggemman (Roggemann 1993) describes the transformation as a transformation from state institutions in Albania-or selfmanaged enterprises in Macedonia, into western commercial companies such as JSC or limited partnership. In this sense the concession-process was one of the main pillars of the privatization process in Albania and Macedonia that built the foundation of free market economy. For more than 40 years, the Albanian and Macedonian citizens were faced with the communist ideology as the basis of state government regulation. This ideology stated that all citizens had contributed the same way and in the same extent during socialism for the construction of state and social property. In this context, the concession-process was accompanied by the deficiency of accurate economic statistics, concession strategies, foreign investors, a bad policy implementation as well as delays in the framework of immedialy needed reforms (Åslund 2013). The main objective of this article is to analyze the concession-process in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law, keeping in mind their EU-integration.

Research paper thumbnail of The Process of Denationalization in Albania in the Light of the Country’s Accession Process to the EU

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized con... more The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized control of the economy through five-year plans for 45 years and state ownership (private property was abolished in Albania since the Constitution of 1976) as well as the binding of the enterprise to the priorities of the PPSH or to the fulfillment of the plan, led to the reduction of economic output, the rationing of consumer goods and, ultimately, after the political change to the transformation into a market economy. This transformation required a broader reform of the entire economic and legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the guarantee of private property. In this sense the privatization and denatonalization-process were two of the main pillars of the new economic system in Albania that built the foundation of free market economy. In this context, the denationalization-process was accompanied by the deficiency of accurate economic statistics, denationalization strategies, foreign investors, a bad policy implementation as well as delays in the framework of immedialy needed reforms (Åslund 2013). The main objective of this article is to analyze the denationalization-process in Albania in the Light of the Country's Accession Process to the EU. A detailed analysis of this process will help to understand the main, strategies, problems and failures of the Albanian legislator that are and will be sanctioned by the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights based in Strasbourg.

Research paper thumbnail of Collecting Evidence in Forensic Events and Comparison of the Digital Evidence Practices of Kosovo and Turkey

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and inte... more Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and integrate it with all its elements. There are numerous methods of crime scene investigation in forensic cases. During the judgment phase, the most important factor that will help understand and decide the manner in which the incident took place is the evidence that will provide proof with regard to the incident. Therefore, evidence helps prosecutors and judges correctly understand and establish the relationship between the crime and the criminals and prove the committed crime and ensure correct, fair and rapid execution of the trial with the aim of reaching the material truth. Evidence obtained in the crime scene provides information with regard to the manner in which the crime was committed, the time of the crime, thebehaviour of the perpetrator, the suspect, the victim and the crime scene ensuring the establishment of the relationship between them. On the other hand, with the digital syste...

Research paper thumbnail of Enterprises in Yugoslavia as a Specialty of Workers' Self-Management System During Socialism (1945-1990)

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) many laws were approved that regu... more In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) many laws were approved that regulated the legal capacity of economic organizations (Dobias, 1969);1 however, no law regulated the concept of the enterprise (Stipetić, 1982). The constitution of 13.1.1953 transformed in its Art 4 “state property” to "social property". In addition, workers' self-management of enterprises (economic organizations) was proclaimed as the basis of the social and political order. The work collective managed the assets of the companies on behalf of the company, while the state was responsible for day-to-day management and the funds needed for production (Prasnikar, Svejnar, Mihaljek & Prasnikar, 1994). In this sense, the implementation of participative management systems reflects the intentions of the political leadership to decentralize and liberalize economic life (Zeffane, 1988). The company was not a commercial company, as it is known in the West, but a production cooperative ...

Research paper thumbnail of Digital Evidence and Prohibitions of Evidence Evaluation

Journal of Educational and Social Research

Since the first moment of the history of humanity, various means of evidence and evidence have be... more Since the first moment of the history of humanity, various means of evidence and evidence have been used to reach and detect the offender. As crime types and means of crime have changed and evolved, evidence detection and analysis methods have changed over time. At this point, with the rapid advancement of technology, the emergence of various and new types of crime that can affect many people at the same time in the global world is inevitable. Wherever you are in the world, it is now possible to commit crimes in one way or another that affect one or more people on the other side of the world through the Internet and digital systems. This, in turn, has led states to safeguard their cyber security. For this reason, firstly, it has made a legal regulation to protect its own citizens in domestic law and then it has been forced to cooperate internationally. The way in which classic crime types are committed and the method of evidence is different from the crimes committed through digital...

Research paper thumbnail of Corporate enterprises in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law

Academicus International Scientific Journal, 2014

Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but ret... more Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but retransfering the ownership has been the core of this process in all post communist countries. 1 The objective of this article is to analyse the drafting of commercial legislation in Albania and Macedonia and in which way corporate enterprises were affected from the structure of economic organizations during socialism.

Research paper thumbnail of Selected Aspects of the Property Rights Regime in Slovenia in the Context of the EU

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

After World War II it became part of Yugoslavia and its socalist legal system. The socialist lega... more After World War II it became part of Yugoslavia and its socalist legal system. The socialist legal system that was implemented in Slovenia as in all Republics of the Yugoslav federation was based in the building of state property, which was created by massive confiscations of the property of the so called collaborators in 1945 and then by three nationalization periods which took place between 1945 and 1956. After a difficult economic period, the Yugoslaw state implemented the new system of socialist self management, which meant that workers fullfill directly or equally their social-, economic-and selfadministering rights, and decide on issues dealing with the socioeconomic situation of the enterprise. This legal system was also based in the building of state and social Property. In the late 80's an ideological, political, economic system disintegrated and in Slovenia as in all countries of Eastern Europe, democracy, free market economy and the rule of law, based on private property and free market economy were the foundation of the transformation. In this context this paper analyzes the transformation that took place in the property rights regime in Slovenia in a legal view in compliance with EU law.

Research paper thumbnail of Selected Chapters of Greece’ s Law of Obligations under the Limelight of European Law

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

Greece is member of the EU since 1.1.1981. The accession of Greece to the European Community was ... more Greece is member of the EU since 1.1.1981. The accession of Greece to the European Community was signed and ratified by the Greek Parliament in 1979 with a majority of 193 votes out of 300. Article 28 of the Constitution of 1975 provided the legal basis of the incorporation of Community law into the Greek legal order. According to article 28 competencies provided by the constitution can be vested in agencies of international organizations by treaties or agreements, when this serves an important national interest and promotes cooperation with other states. European Community law has pervasive effects upon the Greek legal order and the regulations have direct applicability and effect in Greece.When required, domestic law is adapted to the provisions of Community law. In addition, Greek law belongs to the civil law tradition. The era of modern Greek law began with

Research paper thumbnail of A Critical Analysis of the Strategic Sector Privatization in Albania

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The privatization of the strategic sector has been the core of the privatization process in Alban... more The privatization of the strategic sector has been the core of the privatization process in Albania. This strategy started in 1998 for the first time and is still in force for the remaining enterprises of the strategic sector. The changes of political and economic system in the early 90's in Albania required a broader reform of the entire legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the privatization of state enterprises. The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized control of economy through five-year plans for 45 years and state ownership (private property was abolished in Albania since the Constitution of 1976) as well as the binding of the enterprise to the priorities of the PPSH or to the fulfillment of the plan, led to the reduction of economic output, the rationing of consumer goods and, ultimately, after the political change to the transformation into a market economy (Åslund, 2013). Privatization and especially the strategic sector privatization was one of the main pillars of free market economy in Albania. My central contention in this paper is to analyse the strategic sector privatization in the perspective of EU standards. In this point of view this process in Albania can only be meaningfully thought through, and I suggest implemented, within the context of the European market (Gärtner 1996), but on the other hand the way this transformation had to be mastered was not clearly defined.

Research paper thumbnail of Concessions in Albania and Macedonia in Comparative Law (Interdisciplinary Studies)

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The changes of political and economic system in the late 80's in Macedonia and early 90's in Alba... more The changes of political and economic system in the late 80's in Macedonia and early 90's in Albania required a broader reform of the entire legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the privatization of state enterprises. Roggemman (Roggemann 1993) describes the transformation as a transformation from state institutions in Albania-or selfmanaged enterprises in Macedonia, into western commercial companies such as JSC or limited partnership. In this sense the concession-process was one of the main pillars of the privatization process in Albania and Macedonia that built the foundation of free market economy. For more than 40 years, the Albanian and Macedonian citizens were faced with the communist ideology as the basis of state government regulation. This ideology stated that all citizens had contributed the same way and in the same extent during socialism for the construction of state and social property. In this context, the concession-process was accompanied by the deficiency of accurate economic statistics, concession strategies, foreign investors, a bad policy implementation as well as delays in the framework of immedialy needed reforms (Åslund 2013). The main objective of this article is to analyze the concession-process in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law, keeping in mind their EU-integration.

Research paper thumbnail of The Process of Denationalization in Albania in the Light of the Country’s Accession Process to the EU

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014

The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized con... more The economic system of planned economy, which was established in Albania with the centralized control of the economy through five-year plans for 45 years and state ownership (private property was abolished in Albania since the Constitution of 1976) as well as the binding of the enterprise to the priorities of the PPSH or to the fulfillment of the plan, led to the reduction of economic output, the rationing of consumer goods and, ultimately, after the political change to the transformation into a market economy. This transformation required a broader reform of the entire economic and legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the guarantee of private property. In this sense the privatization and denatonalization-process were two of the main pillars of the new economic system in Albania that built the foundation of free market economy. In this context, the denationalization-process was accompanied by the deficiency of accurate economic statistics, denationalization strategies, foreign investors, a bad policy implementation as well as delays in the framework of immedialy needed reforms (Åslund 2013). The main objective of this article is to analyze the denationalization-process in Albania in the Light of the Country's Accession Process to the EU. A detailed analysis of this process will help to understand the main, strategies, problems and failures of the Albanian legislator that are and will be sanctioned by the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights based in Strasbourg.