A review on the interactions between the tumour microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer (original) (raw)

McAllister, Milly J., Underwood, Mark A., Leung, Hing Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-3975 and Edwards, Joanne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-6906(2019) A review on the interactions between the tumour microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer.Translational Research, 206, pp. 91-106. (doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.11.004) (PMID:30528321)

Abstract

Prostate cancer growth is controlled by androgen receptor signaling via both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent pathways. Furthermore, the prostate is an immune competent organ with inflammatory changes both within the systemic and local environment contributing to the reprogramming of the prostatic epithelium with consistently elevated lymphocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines being found in prostate cancer. The crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling is complex with both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumourigenic roles observed. However, despite an increase in immune checkpoint inhibitors and inflammatory signaling blockades available for a range of cancer types, we are yet to see substantial progress in the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the tumour microenvironment and its impact on androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer.

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