Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease (original) (raw)

Neves, Karla B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-9263, Rios, Francisco J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-0787, Sevilla-Montero, Javier, Montezano, Augusto C. and Touyz, Rhian M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0670-0887(2023) Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease.Journal of Physiology, 601(22), pp. 4923-4936. (doi: 10.1113/JP282054) (PMID:35306667) (PMCID:PMC10953460)

Abstract

Exosomes, which are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), are generated in the endosomal compartment of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are formed upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other cellular constituents from their parent cells. Multiple factors influence their production including cell stress and injury, humoral factors, circulating toxins, and oxidative stress. They play an important role in intercellular communication, through their ability to transfer their cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs) from one cell to another. Exosomes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, kidney disease, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, circulating exosomes may act as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic strategies for several pathological processes. In particular exosome-containing miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial injury, stroke and endothelial dysfunction. They may also have therapeutic potential, acting as vectors to deliver therapies in a targeted manner, such as the delivery of protective miRNAs. Transfection techniques are in development to load exosomes with desired cargo, such as proteins or miRNAs, to achieve up-regulation in the host cell or tissue. These advances in the field have the potential to assist in the detection and monitoring progress of a disease in patients during its early clinical stages, as well as targeted drug delivery.

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Funder and Project Information

Vascular Noxs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in hypertension

Rhian Touyz

CH/12/4/29762

CAMS - Cardiovascular Science

BHF centre of excellence

Rhian Touyz

RE/13/5/30177

Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences

BHF Centre of Excellence

Colin Berry

RE/18/6/34217

CAMS - Cardiovascular Science

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