Identifying the biomarker profile of pre-frail and frail people: a cross-sectional analysis from UK Biobank (original) (raw)

Chu, Wenying, Lynskey, Nathan, Iain-Ross, James, Pell, Jill P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-7035, Sattar, Naveed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-2593, Ho, Frederick K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-9025, Welsh, Paul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-3643, Celis-Morales, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-3917 and Petermann-Rocha, Fanny(2023) Identifying the biomarker profile of pre-frail and frail people: a cross-sectional analysis from UK Biobank.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2421. (doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032421) (PMID:36767787) (PMCID:PMC9915970)

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the biomarker profile of pre-frail and frail adults in the UK Biobank cohort by sex. Methods: In total, 202,537 participants (67.8% women, aged 37 to 73 years) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Further, 31 biomarkers were investigated in this study. Frailty was defined using a modified version of the Frailty Phenotype. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the biomarker profile of pre-frail and frail individuals categorized by sex. Results: Lower concentrations of apoA1, total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, albumin, eGFRcys, vitamin D, total bilirubin, apoB, and testosterone (differences ranged from −0.30 to −0.02 per 1-SD change), as well as higher concentrations of triglycerides, GGT, cystatin C, CRP, ALP, and phosphate (differences ranged from 0.01 to 0.53 per 1-SD change), were identified both in pre-frail and frail men and women. However, some of the associations differed by sex. For instance, higher rheumatoid factor and urate concentrations were identified in pre-frail and frail women, while lower calcium, total protein, and IGF-1 concentrations were identified in pre-frail women and frail women and men. When the analyses were further adjusted for CRP, similar results were found. Conclusions: Several biomarkers were linked to pre-frailty and frailty. Nonetheless, some of the associations differed by sex. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of the pathophysiology of frailty as currently defined.

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