Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale (original) (raw)
Smith, Alexander, Mavromati, Kalliopi 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-064X, Hewitt, Jonathan, Robling, Michael and Quinn, Terence J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1401-0181(2026) Derivation and validation of a short form Nottingham extended activities of daily living (SF-NEADL) scale.Disability and Rehabilitation, (doi: 10.1080/09638288.2026.2614225) (PMID:41543115) (Early Online Publication)
Abstract
Purpose: The Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) assessment is commonly used in research and clinical contexts. However, there are concerns surrounding psychometric properties, and with 22-items, NEADL may be too long for clinical use at scale. We aimed to derive a psychometrically robust short form NEADL. Methods: Data were from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive, including individual participant data from 3,6,12months. Six-month data were used to evaluate NEADL reliability and validity. Corrected item-total correlations identified items for inclusion in the short form (SF-NEADL). The resulting SF-NEADL was then assessed at all time-points for reliability, structural and construct validity, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: NEADL had high internal consistency, and five items with corrected item-total correlations over 0.7 were selected to create a SF-NEADL. The NEADL and SF-NEADL at 6months had excellent reliability, and construct validity. SF-NEADL reliability and validity were stable at 3 and 12months. CFA did not suggest unidimensionality of NEADL or SF-NEADL, but SF-NEADL achieved good fit with a two-item structure. Conclusion: Reliability and validity of our SF-NEADL suggest it is a robust alternative to standard eADL assessments. Its use of fewer and more relevant items makes it suitable for use in busy healthcare settings.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was part supported by a Stroke Association PhD Fellowship (grant number SA PGF 18\100029) and by the European Union as a part of the Horizon Europe research initiative RES-Q+ (grant number 101057603). |
| Keywords: | ADL, activities of daily living, eADL, function, psychometrics, stroke. |
| Status: | Early Online Publication |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Quinn, Professor Terry and Mavromati, Miss Kalliopi |
| Authors: | Smith, A., Mavromati, K., Hewitt, J., Robling, M., and Quinn, T. J. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health |
| Journal Name: | Disability and Rehabilitation |
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| ISSN: | 0963-8288 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1464-5165 |
| Published Online: | 16 January 2026 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) |
| First Published: | First published in Disability and Rehabilitation 2026 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record
Deposit and Record Details
| ID Code: | 376090 |
|---|---|
| Depositing User: | Mr Alastair Arthur |
| Datestamp: | 09 Jan 2026 16:22 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2026 09:23 |
| Date of acceptance: | 5 January 2026 |
| Date of first online publication: | 16 January 2026 |
| Date Deposited: | 9 January 2026 |
| Data Availability Statement: | Yes |