Immune Responses in Healthy and Allergic Individuals Are Characterized by a Fine Balance between Allergen-specific T Regulatory 1 and T Helper 2 Cells (original) (raw)
Akdis, M, Verhagen, J, Taylor, A orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-2611 et al. (12 more authors) (2004)Immune Responses in Healthy and Allergic Individuals Are Characterized by a Fine Balance between Allergen-specific T Regulatory 1 and T Helper 2 Cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 199 (11). pp. 1567-1575. ISSN 0022-1007
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immune responses to nonpathogenic environmental antigens lead to either allergy or nonharmful immunity are unknown. Single allergen-specific T cells constitute a very small fraction of the whole CD4+ T cell repertoire and can be isolated from the peripheral blood of humans according to their cytokine profile. Freshly purified interferon-γ–, interleukin (IL)-4–, and IL-10–producing allergen-specific CD4+ T cells display characteristics of T helper cell (Th)1-, Th2-, and T regulatory (Tr)1–like cells, respectively. Tr1 cells consistently represent the dominant subset specific for common environmental allergens in healthy individuals; in contrast, there is a high frequency of allergen-specific IL-4–secreting T cells in allergic individuals. Tr1 cells use multiple suppressive mechanisms, IL-10 and TGF-β as secreted cytokines, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 as surface molecules. Healthy and allergic individuals exhibit all three allergen-specific subsets in different proportions, indicating that a change in the dominant subset may lead to allergy development or recovery. Accordingly, blocking the suppressor activity of Tr1 cells or increasing Th2 cell frequency enhances allergen-specific Th2 cell activation ex vivo. These results indicate that the balance between allergen-specific Tr1 cells and Th2 cells may be decisive in the development of allergy.
Metadata
| Authors/Creators: | Akdis, MVerhagen, JTaylor, A  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-2611Karamloo, FKaragiannidis, CCrameri, RThunberg, SDeniz, GValenta, RFiebig, HKegel, CDisch, RSchmidt-Weber, CBBlaser, KAkdis, CA |
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| Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Rockefeller University Press. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
| Keywords: | peripheral tolerance; allergens; suppression; interleukins; immune regulation |
| Dates: | Accepted: 7 April 2004Published (online): 1 June 2004Published: 7 June 2004 |
| Institution: | The University of Leeds |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Feb 2020 14:34 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Feb 2020 15:15 |
| Status: | Published |
| Publisher: | Rockefeller University Press |
| Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20032058 |
| Related URLs: | Author |