Sachin Patel | Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (original) (raw)

Papers by Sachin Patel

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, Jan 16, 2018

Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common chronic disease in the United States and a major c... more Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common chronic disease in the United States and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management) to reduce blood pressure (BP) are often complex with varying effectiveness. Breathing awareness meditation (BAM) is a stress management strategy with encouraging effects on BP, though widespread dissemination is hampered by the lack of an easy-to-use methodology to train and monitor BAM practices. A smartphone application (Tension Tamer [TT]) that implements BAM and tracks adherence has shown promise in addressing these gaps. This 6-month dose-response feasibility trial evaluated effects of the app on BP to further optimize BAM user guidelines. Sixty-four adults with prehypertension were randomized to complete TT-guided BAM sessions for 5-, 10-, or 15-min intervals twice daily over 6 months. Continuous heart rate readings derived from the phone's video camera via reflective photoplethys...

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017

Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However, in ce... more Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However, in certain individuals, exposure to severe or cumulative stressors can lead to an array of pathological conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by debilitating trauma-related intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal, as well as depressed mood and anxiety. In the context of the rapidly changing political and legal landscape surrounding use of cannabis products in the USA, there has been a surge of public and research interest in the role of cannabinoids in the regulation of stress-related biological processes and in their potential therapeutic application for stress-related psychopathology. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in PTSD and the preclinical and clinical literature on the effects of cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems in the regulation of biological processes related to the pathogenesis of PTSD. Potential therapeutic implications of the reviewed literature are also discussed. Finally, we propose that a state of endocannabinoid deficiency could represent a stress susceptibility endophenotype predisposing to the development of trauma-related psychopathology and provide biologically plausible support for the self-medication hypotheses used to explain high rates of cannabis use in patients with trauma-related disorders.

Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2017

Purpose-To describe the rationale, methodology, design, and interventional approach of a mobile h... more Purpose-To describe the rationale, methodology, design, and interventional approach of a mobile health education program designed for African Americans with end stage renal disease (ESRD) to increase knowledge and self-efficacy to approach others about their need for a living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). Methods-The Living Organ Video Educated Donors (LOVED) program is a theory-guided iterative designed, mixed methods study incorporating three phases: 1) a formative evaluation using focus groups to develop program content and approach; 2) a 2-month proof of concept trial (n=27) to primarily investigate acceptability, tolerability and investigate increases of LDKT knowledge and self-efficacy; and 3) a 6-month, 2-arm, 60-person feasibility randomized control trial (RCT) to primarily investigate increases in LDKT knowledge and self-efficacy, and secondarily, to increases the number of living donor inquiries, medical evaluations, and LDKTs. The 8-week LOVED program includes an interactive web-based App delivered on 10" tablet computer incorporating weekly interactive video education modules, weekly group video chat sessions with an African American navigator who has had LDKT and other group interactions for support and improve strategies to promote their need for a kidney.

mHealth, 2016

Background: Mobile health, or mHealth, has increasingly been signaled as an effective means to ex... more Background: Mobile health, or mHealth, has increasingly been signaled as an effective means to expedite communication and improve medical regimen adherence, especially for patients with chronic health conditions such as stroke. However, there is a lack of data on attitudes of stroke patients toward mHealth. Such information will aid in identifying key indicators for feasibility and optimal implementation of mHealth to prevent and/or decrease rates of secondary stroke. Our objective was to ascertain stroke patients' attitudes toward using mobile phone enabled blood pressure (BP) monitoring and medication adherence and identify factors that modulate these attitudes. Methods: Sixty stroke patients received a brief demonstration of mHealth devices to assist with BP control and medication adherence and a survey to evaluate willingness to use this technology. Results: The 60 participants had a mean age of 57 years, were 43.3% male, and 53.3% were White. With respect to telecommunication prevalence, 93.3% owned a cellular device and 25% owned a smartphone. About 70% owned a working computer. Regarding attitudes, 85% felt comfortable with a doctor or nurse using mHealth technologies to monitor personal health information, 78.3% believed mHealth would help remind them to follow doctor's directions, and 83.3% were confident that technology could effectively be used to communicate with health care providers for medical needs. Conclusions: Mobile device use is high in stroke patients and they are amenable to mHealth for communication and assistance in adhering to their medical regimens. More research is needed to explore usefulness of this technology in larger stroke populations.

International Medical Journal of Sifa University, 2015

We report a rare case of ganglion cyst of Hoffa′s fat pad of knee joint. These lesions are asympt... more We report a rare case of ganglion cyst of Hoffa′s fat pad of knee joint. These lesions are asymptomatic in most cases and are often misdiagnosed as meniscal or ligamentous lesions of the knee joint. The final diagnosis was done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint, and the lesion was treated with surgery. It was not possible to resect the lesion through arthroscope, so open resection and complete excision of the cyst was done.

The depletion of the essential nutrient CoQ10 by the increasingly popular cholesterol lowering dr... more The depletion of the essential nutrient CoQ10 by the increasingly popular cholesterol lowering drugs, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), has grown from a level of concern to one of alarm. With ever higher statin potencies and dosages, and with steadily shrinking target LDL cholesterol, the prevalence and severity of CoQ10 deficiency is increasing noticeably. An estimated 36 million Americans are now candidates for statin drug therapy. Statin-induced CoQ10 depletion is well documented in animal and human studies with detrimental cardiac consequences in both animal models and human trials This drug induced nutrient deficiency is dose related and more notable in settings of pre-existing CoQ10 deficiency such as in the elderly and in heart failure. statin induced CoQ10 deficiency is completely preventable with supplemental CoQ10 with no adverse impact on the cholesterol lowering or anti-inflammatory properties of the statin drugs.

Journal of Neuroscience, 2015

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a central integrator in the brain of endocrine and behav... more Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a central integrator in the brain of endocrine and behavioral stress responses, whereas activation of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor suppresses these responses. Although these systems regulate overlapping functions, few studies have investigated whether these systems interact. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of CRH-induced anxiety that relies on modulation of endocannabinoids. Specifically, we found that CRH, through activation of the CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1), evokes a rapid induction of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which causes a reduction in the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), within the amygdala. Similarly, the ability of acute stress to modulate amygdala FAAH and AEA in both rats and mice is also mediated through CRHR1 activation. This interaction occurs specifically in amygdala pyramidal neurons and represents a novel mechanism of endocannabinoid-CRH interactions in regulating amygdala output. Functionally, we found that CRH signaling in the amygdala promotes an anxious phenotype that is prevented by FAAH inhibition. Together, this work suggests that rapid reductions in amygdala AEA signaling following stress may prime the amygdala and facilitate the generation of downstream stress-linked behaviors. Given that endocannabinoid signaling is thought to exert "tonic" regulation on stress and anxiety responses, these data suggest that CRH signaling coordinates a disruption of tonic AEA activity to promote a state of anxiety, which in turn may represent an endogenous mechanism by which stress enhances anxiety. These data suggest that FAAH inhibitors may represent a novel class of anxiolytics that specifically target stressinduced anxiety.

Journal of Lipid Research, 2004

N-Arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty aci... more N-Arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates brain AEA content, the purpose of this study was to determine its role in the postmortal accumulation of AEA using FAAH null mice. As expected, AEA content in immediately frozen brain tissue was significantly greater in FAAH-deficient (FAAH ؊ / ؊) than in wildtype mice. However, AEA content was significantly lower in brains from FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice at 5 and 24 h postmortem. Similarly, wild-type mice treated in vivo with a FAAH inhibitor (URB532) had significantly lower brain AEA content 24 h postmortem compared with controls. These data indicate that FAAH contributes significantly to the postmortal accumulation of AEA. In contrast, the accumulations of two other N-acylethanolamines, N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), were not reduced at 24 h postmortem in either the FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice or mice treated with URB532. FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice accumulated significantly less ethanolamine at 24 h postmortem compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that FAAH activity plays a role in the accumulation of ethanolamine postmortem. These data demonstrate that FAAH activity differentially affects AEA and OEA/PEA contents postmortem and suggest that AEA formation specifically occurs via an ethanolamine-dependent route postmortem.

An Ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without... more An Ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administer. Because of limited communication range among mobile nodes in ad-hoc network, several network hopes may be needed to deliver a packet from one node to another node in the wireless network. In such a network each node acts as an end system as well as a relay node (or router). Most of the routing algorithms designed for MANET such as AODV and DSR are based on the assumption that every node forwards every packet. But in practice some of the nodes may act as the selfish nodes. These nodes use the network and its services but they do not cooperate with other nodes. Such selfish nodes do not consume any energy such as CPU power, battery and also bandwidth for retransmitting the data of other nodes and they reserve them only for themselves. The original AODV and DSR routing algorithms can be modified to detect such selfis...

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

There are two types of web projects first one is static web application. In static web applicatio... more There are two types of web projects first one is static web application. In static web application all the pages are linked together there is no connection from database. And other one is dynamic webapplication, for this type of application database is maintained and person can change according to their needs if he has an authentication. In both cases a large amount of data required to add over the pages that are visualized by any internet browser. Dynamic web applications become so popular that the increasing traffic volume threatens to overwhelm the networking capacity in place within corporate Intranets and on the Internet. Due to these increased traffic there is much need to improve the performance of web cache server using more flexible and effective manner. In this paper we propose, design and implement a new approach by which the performances of dynamic web applications are improved. Moreover it we compare the performance of our approach using performance evaluation of our implemented model.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

2014 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics, 2014

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

In an attempt to further understand their nature, micro cavitation bubbles will be diffused aroun... more In an attempt to further understand their nature, micro cavitation bubbles will be diffused around the exterior of a submarine and made subject to a variety of different waves and other environment scenarios. The primary purpose of this is to assess the feasibility of applying micro cavitation as a means of depth control for underwater vehicles. Ideally, the results are to indicate the use of micro cavitation as a more efficient alternative to underwater vehicle depth control than the conventional ballast tank method. Current approaches make use of the Archimedes principle of buoyancy to alter the density of the object affected, making it less than or greater than the density of the surrounding fluid. However, this process is too slow for underwater vehicles to react to sudden obstacles inherent in their environment. Furthermore, an additional purpose of the experiment is to research on the waves themselves, allowing for advancements in wave behavior modeling and mathematical representation. In essence, this research aims to study: 1) the relationship between the density of the fluid surrounding a test vehicle and its dive and surface rate, 2) the problems associated with stability and control of a vehicle resulting from its dynamic interactions with micro cavitation bubbles and the scenarios presented, and 3) the behaviors of a variety of wave propagations and their effects on micro cavitation bubbles.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, Jan 16, 2018

Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common chronic disease in the United States and a major c... more Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common chronic disease in the United States and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management) to reduce blood pressure (BP) are often complex with varying effectiveness. Breathing awareness meditation (BAM) is a stress management strategy with encouraging effects on BP, though widespread dissemination is hampered by the lack of an easy-to-use methodology to train and monitor BAM practices. A smartphone application (Tension Tamer [TT]) that implements BAM and tracks adherence has shown promise in addressing these gaps. This 6-month dose-response feasibility trial evaluated effects of the app on BP to further optimize BAM user guidelines. Sixty-four adults with prehypertension were randomized to complete TT-guided BAM sessions for 5-, 10-, or 15-min intervals twice daily over 6 months. Continuous heart rate readings derived from the phone's video camera via reflective photoplethys...

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017

Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However, in ce... more Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However, in certain individuals, exposure to severe or cumulative stressors can lead to an array of pathological conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by debilitating trauma-related intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal, as well as depressed mood and anxiety. In the context of the rapidly changing political and legal landscape surrounding use of cannabis products in the USA, there has been a surge of public and research interest in the role of cannabinoids in the regulation of stress-related biological processes and in their potential therapeutic application for stress-related psychopathology. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in PTSD and the preclinical and clinical literature on the effects of cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems in the regulation of biological processes related to the pathogenesis of PTSD. Potential therapeutic implications of the reviewed literature are also discussed. Finally, we propose that a state of endocannabinoid deficiency could represent a stress susceptibility endophenotype predisposing to the development of trauma-related psychopathology and provide biologically plausible support for the self-medication hypotheses used to explain high rates of cannabis use in patients with trauma-related disorders.

Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2017

Purpose-To describe the rationale, methodology, design, and interventional approach of a mobile h... more Purpose-To describe the rationale, methodology, design, and interventional approach of a mobile health education program designed for African Americans with end stage renal disease (ESRD) to increase knowledge and self-efficacy to approach others about their need for a living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). Methods-The Living Organ Video Educated Donors (LOVED) program is a theory-guided iterative designed, mixed methods study incorporating three phases: 1) a formative evaluation using focus groups to develop program content and approach; 2) a 2-month proof of concept trial (n=27) to primarily investigate acceptability, tolerability and investigate increases of LDKT knowledge and self-efficacy; and 3) a 6-month, 2-arm, 60-person feasibility randomized control trial (RCT) to primarily investigate increases in LDKT knowledge and self-efficacy, and secondarily, to increases the number of living donor inquiries, medical evaluations, and LDKTs. The 8-week LOVED program includes an interactive web-based App delivered on 10" tablet computer incorporating weekly interactive video education modules, weekly group video chat sessions with an African American navigator who has had LDKT and other group interactions for support and improve strategies to promote their need for a kidney.

mHealth, 2016

Background: Mobile health, or mHealth, has increasingly been signaled as an effective means to ex... more Background: Mobile health, or mHealth, has increasingly been signaled as an effective means to expedite communication and improve medical regimen adherence, especially for patients with chronic health conditions such as stroke. However, there is a lack of data on attitudes of stroke patients toward mHealth. Such information will aid in identifying key indicators for feasibility and optimal implementation of mHealth to prevent and/or decrease rates of secondary stroke. Our objective was to ascertain stroke patients' attitudes toward using mobile phone enabled blood pressure (BP) monitoring and medication adherence and identify factors that modulate these attitudes. Methods: Sixty stroke patients received a brief demonstration of mHealth devices to assist with BP control and medication adherence and a survey to evaluate willingness to use this technology. Results: The 60 participants had a mean age of 57 years, were 43.3% male, and 53.3% were White. With respect to telecommunication prevalence, 93.3% owned a cellular device and 25% owned a smartphone. About 70% owned a working computer. Regarding attitudes, 85% felt comfortable with a doctor or nurse using mHealth technologies to monitor personal health information, 78.3% believed mHealth would help remind them to follow doctor's directions, and 83.3% were confident that technology could effectively be used to communicate with health care providers for medical needs. Conclusions: Mobile device use is high in stroke patients and they are amenable to mHealth for communication and assistance in adhering to their medical regimens. More research is needed to explore usefulness of this technology in larger stroke populations.

International Medical Journal of Sifa University, 2015

We report a rare case of ganglion cyst of Hoffa′s fat pad of knee joint. These lesions are asympt... more We report a rare case of ganglion cyst of Hoffa′s fat pad of knee joint. These lesions are asymptomatic in most cases and are often misdiagnosed as meniscal or ligamentous lesions of the knee joint. The final diagnosis was done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint, and the lesion was treated with surgery. It was not possible to resect the lesion through arthroscope, so open resection and complete excision of the cyst was done.

The depletion of the essential nutrient CoQ10 by the increasingly popular cholesterol lowering dr... more The depletion of the essential nutrient CoQ10 by the increasingly popular cholesterol lowering drugs, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), has grown from a level of concern to one of alarm. With ever higher statin potencies and dosages, and with steadily shrinking target LDL cholesterol, the prevalence and severity of CoQ10 deficiency is increasing noticeably. An estimated 36 million Americans are now candidates for statin drug therapy. Statin-induced CoQ10 depletion is well documented in animal and human studies with detrimental cardiac consequences in both animal models and human trials This drug induced nutrient deficiency is dose related and more notable in settings of pre-existing CoQ10 deficiency such as in the elderly and in heart failure. statin induced CoQ10 deficiency is completely preventable with supplemental CoQ10 with no adverse impact on the cholesterol lowering or anti-inflammatory properties of the statin drugs.

Journal of Neuroscience, 2015

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a central integrator in the brain of endocrine and behav... more Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a central integrator in the brain of endocrine and behavioral stress responses, whereas activation of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor suppresses these responses. Although these systems regulate overlapping functions, few studies have investigated whether these systems interact. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of CRH-induced anxiety that relies on modulation of endocannabinoids. Specifically, we found that CRH, through activation of the CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1), evokes a rapid induction of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which causes a reduction in the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), within the amygdala. Similarly, the ability of acute stress to modulate amygdala FAAH and AEA in both rats and mice is also mediated through CRHR1 activation. This interaction occurs specifically in amygdala pyramidal neurons and represents a novel mechanism of endocannabinoid-CRH interactions in regulating amygdala output. Functionally, we found that CRH signaling in the amygdala promotes an anxious phenotype that is prevented by FAAH inhibition. Together, this work suggests that rapid reductions in amygdala AEA signaling following stress may prime the amygdala and facilitate the generation of downstream stress-linked behaviors. Given that endocannabinoid signaling is thought to exert "tonic" regulation on stress and anxiety responses, these data suggest that CRH signaling coordinates a disruption of tonic AEA activity to promote a state of anxiety, which in turn may represent an endogenous mechanism by which stress enhances anxiety. These data suggest that FAAH inhibitors may represent a novel class of anxiolytics that specifically target stressinduced anxiety.

Journal of Lipid Research, 2004

N-Arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty aci... more N-Arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates brain AEA content, the purpose of this study was to determine its role in the postmortal accumulation of AEA using FAAH null mice. As expected, AEA content in immediately frozen brain tissue was significantly greater in FAAH-deficient (FAAH ؊ / ؊) than in wildtype mice. However, AEA content was significantly lower in brains from FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice at 5 and 24 h postmortem. Similarly, wild-type mice treated in vivo with a FAAH inhibitor (URB532) had significantly lower brain AEA content 24 h postmortem compared with controls. These data indicate that FAAH contributes significantly to the postmortal accumulation of AEA. In contrast, the accumulations of two other N-acylethanolamines, N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), were not reduced at 24 h postmortem in either the FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice or mice treated with URB532. FAAH ؊ / ؊ mice accumulated significantly less ethanolamine at 24 h postmortem compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that FAAH activity plays a role in the accumulation of ethanolamine postmortem. These data demonstrate that FAAH activity differentially affects AEA and OEA/PEA contents postmortem and suggest that AEA formation specifically occurs via an ethanolamine-dependent route postmortem.

An Ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without... more An Ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administer. Because of limited communication range among mobile nodes in ad-hoc network, several network hopes may be needed to deliver a packet from one node to another node in the wireless network. In such a network each node acts as an end system as well as a relay node (or router). Most of the routing algorithms designed for MANET such as AODV and DSR are based on the assumption that every node forwards every packet. But in practice some of the nodes may act as the selfish nodes. These nodes use the network and its services but they do not cooperate with other nodes. Such selfish nodes do not consume any energy such as CPU power, battery and also bandwidth for retransmitting the data of other nodes and they reserve them only for themselves. The original AODV and DSR routing algorithms can be modified to detect such selfis...

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

There are two types of web projects first one is static web application. In static web applicatio... more There are two types of web projects first one is static web application. In static web application all the pages are linked together there is no connection from database. And other one is dynamic webapplication, for this type of application database is maintained and person can change according to their needs if he has an authentication. In both cases a large amount of data required to add over the pages that are visualized by any internet browser. Dynamic web applications become so popular that the increasing traffic volume threatens to overwhelm the networking capacity in place within corporate Intranets and on the Internet. Due to these increased traffic there is much need to improve the performance of web cache server using more flexible and effective manner. In this paper we propose, design and implement a new approach by which the performances of dynamic web applications are improved. Moreover it we compare the performance of our approach using performance evaluation of our implemented model.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

2014 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics, 2014

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

In an attempt to further understand their nature, micro cavitation bubbles will be diffused aroun... more In an attempt to further understand their nature, micro cavitation bubbles will be diffused around the exterior of a submarine and made subject to a variety of different waves and other environment scenarios. The primary purpose of this is to assess the feasibility of applying micro cavitation as a means of depth control for underwater vehicles. Ideally, the results are to indicate the use of micro cavitation as a more efficient alternative to underwater vehicle depth control than the conventional ballast tank method. Current approaches make use of the Archimedes principle of buoyancy to alter the density of the object affected, making it less than or greater than the density of the surrounding fluid. However, this process is too slow for underwater vehicles to react to sudden obstacles inherent in their environment. Furthermore, an additional purpose of the experiment is to research on the waves themselves, allowing for advancements in wave behavior modeling and mathematical representation. In essence, this research aims to study: 1) the relationship between the density of the fluid surrounding a test vehicle and its dive and surface rate, 2) the problems associated with stability and control of a vehicle resulting from its dynamic interactions with micro cavitation bubbles and the scenarios presented, and 3) the behaviors of a variety of wave propagations and their effects on micro cavitation bubbles.