Kathleen Duncan | The university of Oklahoma (original) (raw)
Papers by Kathleen Duncan
Accurately measuring the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with complex environm... more Accurately measuring the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with complex environmental matrices is necessary for assessing contaminant risk, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed and in-place remediation strategies. Due to its importance, the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with soils and sediments has been widely examined at the macroscopic or bulk-scale and found to be highly controlled
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1996
Sodium hydroxide solutions are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various... more Sodium hydroxide solutions are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. The resulting sulfide-laden waste stream is called spent sulfidic caustic. Two microbial cultures have been investigated to compare their ability to biotreat refinery spent sulfidic caustic. One culture was a specialized flocculated culture of the autotrophic sulifide oxidizer, Thiobacillus denitr~'cans strain F. The other was an acclimated culture enriched from a refinery-activated sludge treatment system. Both cultures were capable of complete oxidation of caustic sulfides to sulfate at specific activities of 1.0-1.3 mmol sulfide/h/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). However, the enrichment culture exhibited less stable operation in terms of hydrogen sulfide emissions and was less tolerant of reduced temperatures. Use of caustic carbonates as the sole carbon source for sulfide oxidizers and the effect of refinery waste water on spent caustic treatment was also investigated.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 15, 2008
World requirements for fossil energy are expected to grow by more than 50% within the next 25 yea... more World requirements for fossil energy are expected to grow by more than 50% within the next 25 years, despite advances in alternative technologies. Since conventional production methods retrieve only about one-third of the oil in place, either large new fields or innovative strategies for recovering energy resources from existing fields are needed to meet the burgeoning demand. The anaerobic biodegradation of n-alkanes to methane gas has now been documented in a few studies, and it was speculated that this process might be useful for recovering energy from existing petroleum reservoirs. We found that residual oil entrained in a marginal sandstone reservoir core could be converted to methane, a key component of natural gas, by an oil-degrading methanogenic consortium. Methane production required inoculation, and rates ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 mol/day/g core (or 11 to 31 mol/day/g oil), with yields of up to 3 mmol CH 4 /g residual oil. Concomitant alterations in the hydrocarbon profile of the oil-bearing core revealed that alkanes were preferentially metabolized. The consortium was found to produce comparable amounts of methane in the absence or presence of sulfate as an alternate electron acceptor. Cloning and sequencing exercises revealed that the inoculum comprised sulfate-reducing, syntrophic, and fermentative bacteria acting in concert with aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Collectively, the cells generated methane from a variety of petroliferous rocks. Such microbe-based methane production holds promise for producing a clean-burning and efficient form of energy from underutilized hydrocarbon-bearing resources.
Atlas journal of biology, Mar 9, 2019
Various environmental factors have been proposed, such as soil moisture levels, carbon, and nitra... more Various environmental factors have been proposed, such as soil moisture levels, carbon, and nitrate sources to affect the abundance of nitrate reducing (NR) and denitrifying (DN) bacteria. In this study, the strength of the association of the abundance of NR and DN bacteria with various environmental factors is estimated using multivariate statistical analysis. Soil samples were collected from tallgrass prairie soils that had been contaminated with crude oil or brine (e.g. salt water) up to 10 years previously and from parallel uncontaminated sites. The sites had been subjected to remediation shortly after contamination and also more recently (e.g. current remediation treatments). The abundance of culturable NR and DN bacteria in the soil samples was estimated by 5-tube MPN method using nitrate broth, while total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), sodium chloride, nitrate, and moisture were measured in the contaminated and the parallel uncontaminated sites. Viable heterotrophic bacteria and NR and DN bacteria (>10 6 /g soil) from all sites were obtained from samples with a broad range of soil moisture (from 10-30% water/g soil) regardless of the source (e.g. site) of the isolates. The abundance of NR and DN bacteria from the contaminated sites was not less than that from the uncontaminated sites. Although MPN values for heterotrophs and NR and DN bacteria were similar over a broad range of moisture levels, the relative abundance of NR and DN bacteria had a wide range (e.g. 0% to 100%) in different samples with the same moisture level, which suggests that factors other than current levels of soil moisture controlled the % NR and DN bacteria. Current remediation treatments of contaminated sites sometimes, but not consis
Microorganisms produce a wide range of biosurfactants with diverse chemical structures. Their abi... more Microorganisms produce a wide range of biosurfactants with diverse chemical structures. Their ability to partition at the water-oil interface makes them ideal candidates for MEOR. In this year of the project, 157 bacterial strains were screened for biosurfactant production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These data were compared to the amount of biosurfactant produced by Bacillus mojavensis JF-2, a model biosurfactant-producing microorganism that has been extensively applied in MEOR. Several methods were used to screen for biosurfactant production. The oil spreading technique and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as quantitative measures of biosurfactant activity. The ability of the strains to reduce surface tension was measured by using ring tensiometer. A hundred and forty seven strains produced either equal or higher amounts of biosurfactant compared to JF-2 and the 10 best strains were chosen for further study. In an attempt to increase biosurfactant production, a genetic recombination experiment was conducted by mixing germinating spores of four of the best strains with JF-2. Biosurfactant production was higher with the mixed spore culture than in the co-cultures containing JF-2 and each of the other 4 strains or in a mixed culture containing all five strains that had not undergone genetic exchange. Four isolates were obtained from the mixed spores culture that gave higher biosurfactant production than any of the original strains. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) analysis showed differences in the band pattern for these strains compared to the parent strains, suggesting the occurrence of genetic recombination. 2.6. References Banat I. M. 1995. Characterization of biosurfactants and their use in pollution removal-state of the art. Acta Biotechnologica 15, 251-267.
Journal of Microbiological Methods, Mar 1, 2019
Three replicate seawater samples were collected on three different days, filtered immediately and... more Three replicate seawater samples were collected on three different days, filtered immediately and preserved with one of two guanidinium thiocyanate-based preservatives (DNAzol™ or RNA Lysis Buffer™ plus β-mercaptoethanol (RLA+)) and were kept frozen while being shipped to a lab. In parallel, a carboy of seawater was collected on each of the three days and maintained at ambient temperature while being shipped to a lab. Upon receipt the samples were filtered and treated in the same manner as for immediate preservation. Significantly more DNA was obtained from samples immediately preserved with DNAzol than the corresponding shipped samples for 2 of the 3 days. More DNA was extracted from DNAzol preserved samples but more RNA was obtained from RLA+ preserved samples. A protocol was designed to extract both DNA and RNA from split samples preserved with RLA+ and cDNA was synthesized from the RNA. Three high-throughput 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed, one from DNA preserved with DNAzol, one from DNA preserved with RLA+ and one from cDNA (RLA+ preserved). Greater alpha diversity was found for libraries constructed from immediately preserved vs. shipped samples for both preservation types, with immediate preservation with DNAzol obtaining the highest level of diversity. Libraries constructed from immediately preserved (RLA+) DNA had greater alpha diversity than libraries constructed from shipped preserved (RLA+) DNA or cDNA. Unifrac measures of beta diversity showed clearer separation of sample types and a greater % variance explained for weighted than for unweighted principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots, indicating sample types varied more in their relative abundance of taxa than the presence/absence of particular taxa. We recommend immediate preservation of seawater samples, with DNAzol as the preferred preservative if quantification via qPCR will be performed or the highest alpha diversity is desired but preservation with RLA+ if RNA will be extracted.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
A mesophilic sulphate-reducing micro-organism, able to grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2... more A mesophilic sulphate-reducing micro-organism, able to grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2 (20 : 80) and with elemental iron as a sole electron donor, was isolated from a consortium capable of degrading long-chain paraffins and designated strain DRH4T. Cells were oval shaped often with bright refractile cores and occurred singly or in pairs. The cells formed pili. Strain DRH4T could grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2 or elemental iron and chemoorganotrophically utilizing a number of organic substrates, such as fatty acids from formate to octanoate (C1–C8). Sulphate and thiosulphate served as terminal electron acceptors, but sulphite and nitrate did not. Optimal growth was observed from 37 to 40 °C and pH from 6.5 to 7.2. Strain DRH4T did not require NaCl for growth and could proliferate under a broad range of salinities from freshwater (1 g l−1 NaCl) to seawater (27 g l−1 NaCl) conditions. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.46 mol %. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence an...
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2021
Here, we report the genome sequence of Clostridium sp. strain P21, isolated from old hay from Sti... more Here, we report the genome sequence of Clostridium sp. strain P21, isolated from old hay from Stillwater, Oklahoma. This announcement describes the generation and annotation of the 5.6-Mb genomic sequence of strain P21, which will aid in studies targeting genes involved in the enhancement of acid-alcohol production.
Soils are frequently contaminated with hydrocarbons such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This... more Soils are frequently contaminated with hydrocarbons such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This contamination inhibits the growth of some microorganisms in the contaminated soils. However, the contamination may select for microorganisms capable of hydrocarbon degradation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Forty five strains of bacteria isolated from tallgrass prairie soil samples were screened for the ability to grow with naphthalene as sole carbon source under aerobic conditions by culturing on minimal medium containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source. Our results showed that none of the 45 strains were able to grow on naphthalene under these conditions. Three out of the 45 strains, e.g. one strain each classified as Ensifer, Stenotrophomonas, or Serratia, were tested for the ability to degrade naphthalene under nitrate reducing conditions. All three strains were facultative anaerobes and showed the physiology of nitrate or nitrate/nitrite reduction when grown under nit...
Nitrite reduction, catalyzed by nitrite reductase, is a key step in the denitrification pathway b... more Nitrite reduction, catalyzed by nitrite reductase, is a key step in the denitrification pathway because it catalyzes the reduction of soluble nitrite (NO2-) into nitric oxide gas (NO). The production of nitric oxide gas therefore decreases the amount of nitrogen in soils. Other studies have investigated the effect of oxygen on denitrification in a few specific microorganisms (e.g. Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum, Thiosphaera pantotropha, and Paracoccus denitrificans). In this study, we tested the effect of oxygen on nitrite reduction in seven strains representing 5 different genera obtained from Tallgrass Prairie soil. The strains were chosen based on positive detection of at least one functional gene in the denitrification pathway along with positive results for nitrate (NO3-) and/or nitrite reduction after growth in nitrate broth in a microtiter plate assay. Under these conditions which did not totally exclude oxygen, three strains were able to reduce nitrite while four strains did ...
Failure Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, 2021
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2019
Community compositional changes and the corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of different el... more Community compositional changes and the corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of different electron donor and acceptor combinations were examined with a methanogenic consortium enriched for its ability to mineralize paraffins. Despite cultivation in the absence of sulfate, metagenomic analysis revealed the persistence of several sulfate-reducing bacterial taxa. Upon sulfate amendment, the consortium was able to couple C28H58 biodegradation with sulfate reduction. Comparative analysis suggested that Desulforhabdus and/or Desulfovibrio likely supplanted methanogens as syntrophic partners needed for C28H58 mineralization. Further enrichment in the absence of a paraffin revealed that the consortium could also utilize carbon steel as a source of electrons. The severity of both general and localized corrosion increased in the presence of sulfate, regardless of the electron donor utilized. With carbon steel as an electron donor, Desulfobulbus dominated in the consortium and electrons f...
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2018
Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion, has significant impacts on th... more Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion, has significant impacts on the environment and economy. Typical systems to study biocorrosion are either dynamic (once-through flow) or static (serum bottle incubations). Dynamic systems can be materials, cost and personnel intensive, while static systems quickly become nutrient limiting and exhibit long incubations. A semi
Accurately measuring the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with complex environm... more Accurately measuring the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with complex environmental matrices is necessary for assessing contaminant risk, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed and in-place remediation strategies. Due to its importance, the bioavailability of organic contaminants associated with soils and sediments has been widely examined at the macroscopic or bulk-scale and found to be highly controlled
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1996
Sodium hydroxide solutions are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various... more Sodium hydroxide solutions are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. The resulting sulfide-laden waste stream is called spent sulfidic caustic. Two microbial cultures have been investigated to compare their ability to biotreat refinery spent sulfidic caustic. One culture was a specialized flocculated culture of the autotrophic sulifide oxidizer, Thiobacillus denitr~'cans strain F. The other was an acclimated culture enriched from a refinery-activated sludge treatment system. Both cultures were capable of complete oxidation of caustic sulfides to sulfate at specific activities of 1.0-1.3 mmol sulfide/h/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). However, the enrichment culture exhibited less stable operation in terms of hydrogen sulfide emissions and was less tolerant of reduced temperatures. Use of caustic carbonates as the sole carbon source for sulfide oxidizers and the effect of refinery waste water on spent caustic treatment was also investigated.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 15, 2008
World requirements for fossil energy are expected to grow by more than 50% within the next 25 yea... more World requirements for fossil energy are expected to grow by more than 50% within the next 25 years, despite advances in alternative technologies. Since conventional production methods retrieve only about one-third of the oil in place, either large new fields or innovative strategies for recovering energy resources from existing fields are needed to meet the burgeoning demand. The anaerobic biodegradation of n-alkanes to methane gas has now been documented in a few studies, and it was speculated that this process might be useful for recovering energy from existing petroleum reservoirs. We found that residual oil entrained in a marginal sandstone reservoir core could be converted to methane, a key component of natural gas, by an oil-degrading methanogenic consortium. Methane production required inoculation, and rates ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 mol/day/g core (or 11 to 31 mol/day/g oil), with yields of up to 3 mmol CH 4 /g residual oil. Concomitant alterations in the hydrocarbon profile of the oil-bearing core revealed that alkanes were preferentially metabolized. The consortium was found to produce comparable amounts of methane in the absence or presence of sulfate as an alternate electron acceptor. Cloning and sequencing exercises revealed that the inoculum comprised sulfate-reducing, syntrophic, and fermentative bacteria acting in concert with aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Collectively, the cells generated methane from a variety of petroliferous rocks. Such microbe-based methane production holds promise for producing a clean-burning and efficient form of energy from underutilized hydrocarbon-bearing resources.
Atlas journal of biology, Mar 9, 2019
Various environmental factors have been proposed, such as soil moisture levels, carbon, and nitra... more Various environmental factors have been proposed, such as soil moisture levels, carbon, and nitrate sources to affect the abundance of nitrate reducing (NR) and denitrifying (DN) bacteria. In this study, the strength of the association of the abundance of NR and DN bacteria with various environmental factors is estimated using multivariate statistical analysis. Soil samples were collected from tallgrass prairie soils that had been contaminated with crude oil or brine (e.g. salt water) up to 10 years previously and from parallel uncontaminated sites. The sites had been subjected to remediation shortly after contamination and also more recently (e.g. current remediation treatments). The abundance of culturable NR and DN bacteria in the soil samples was estimated by 5-tube MPN method using nitrate broth, while total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), sodium chloride, nitrate, and moisture were measured in the contaminated and the parallel uncontaminated sites. Viable heterotrophic bacteria and NR and DN bacteria (>10 6 /g soil) from all sites were obtained from samples with a broad range of soil moisture (from 10-30% water/g soil) regardless of the source (e.g. site) of the isolates. The abundance of NR and DN bacteria from the contaminated sites was not less than that from the uncontaminated sites. Although MPN values for heterotrophs and NR and DN bacteria were similar over a broad range of moisture levels, the relative abundance of NR and DN bacteria had a wide range (e.g. 0% to 100%) in different samples with the same moisture level, which suggests that factors other than current levels of soil moisture controlled the % NR and DN bacteria. Current remediation treatments of contaminated sites sometimes, but not consis
Microorganisms produce a wide range of biosurfactants with diverse chemical structures. Their abi... more Microorganisms produce a wide range of biosurfactants with diverse chemical structures. Their ability to partition at the water-oil interface makes them ideal candidates for MEOR. In this year of the project, 157 bacterial strains were screened for biosurfactant production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These data were compared to the amount of biosurfactant produced by Bacillus mojavensis JF-2, a model biosurfactant-producing microorganism that has been extensively applied in MEOR. Several methods were used to screen for biosurfactant production. The oil spreading technique and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as quantitative measures of biosurfactant activity. The ability of the strains to reduce surface tension was measured by using ring tensiometer. A hundred and forty seven strains produced either equal or higher amounts of biosurfactant compared to JF-2 and the 10 best strains were chosen for further study. In an attempt to increase biosurfactant production, a genetic recombination experiment was conducted by mixing germinating spores of four of the best strains with JF-2. Biosurfactant production was higher with the mixed spore culture than in the co-cultures containing JF-2 and each of the other 4 strains or in a mixed culture containing all five strains that had not undergone genetic exchange. Four isolates were obtained from the mixed spores culture that gave higher biosurfactant production than any of the original strains. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) analysis showed differences in the band pattern for these strains compared to the parent strains, suggesting the occurrence of genetic recombination. 2.6. References Banat I. M. 1995. Characterization of biosurfactants and their use in pollution removal-state of the art. Acta Biotechnologica 15, 251-267.
Journal of Microbiological Methods, Mar 1, 2019
Three replicate seawater samples were collected on three different days, filtered immediately and... more Three replicate seawater samples were collected on three different days, filtered immediately and preserved with one of two guanidinium thiocyanate-based preservatives (DNAzol™ or RNA Lysis Buffer™ plus β-mercaptoethanol (RLA+)) and were kept frozen while being shipped to a lab. In parallel, a carboy of seawater was collected on each of the three days and maintained at ambient temperature while being shipped to a lab. Upon receipt the samples were filtered and treated in the same manner as for immediate preservation. Significantly more DNA was obtained from samples immediately preserved with DNAzol than the corresponding shipped samples for 2 of the 3 days. More DNA was extracted from DNAzol preserved samples but more RNA was obtained from RLA+ preserved samples. A protocol was designed to extract both DNA and RNA from split samples preserved with RLA+ and cDNA was synthesized from the RNA. Three high-throughput 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed, one from DNA preserved with DNAzol, one from DNA preserved with RLA+ and one from cDNA (RLA+ preserved). Greater alpha diversity was found for libraries constructed from immediately preserved vs. shipped samples for both preservation types, with immediate preservation with DNAzol obtaining the highest level of diversity. Libraries constructed from immediately preserved (RLA+) DNA had greater alpha diversity than libraries constructed from shipped preserved (RLA+) DNA or cDNA. Unifrac measures of beta diversity showed clearer separation of sample types and a greater % variance explained for weighted than for unweighted principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots, indicating sample types varied more in their relative abundance of taxa than the presence/absence of particular taxa. We recommend immediate preservation of seawater samples, with DNAzol as the preferred preservative if quantification via qPCR will be performed or the highest alpha diversity is desired but preservation with RLA+ if RNA will be extracted.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
A mesophilic sulphate-reducing micro-organism, able to grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2... more A mesophilic sulphate-reducing micro-organism, able to grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2 (20 : 80) and with elemental iron as a sole electron donor, was isolated from a consortium capable of degrading long-chain paraffins and designated strain DRH4T. Cells were oval shaped often with bright refractile cores and occurred singly or in pairs. The cells formed pili. Strain DRH4T could grow chemolithoautotrophically with H2/CO2 or elemental iron and chemoorganotrophically utilizing a number of organic substrates, such as fatty acids from formate to octanoate (C1–C8). Sulphate and thiosulphate served as terminal electron acceptors, but sulphite and nitrate did not. Optimal growth was observed from 37 to 40 °C and pH from 6.5 to 7.2. Strain DRH4T did not require NaCl for growth and could proliferate under a broad range of salinities from freshwater (1 g l−1 NaCl) to seawater (27 g l−1 NaCl) conditions. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.46 mol %. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence an...
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2021
Here, we report the genome sequence of Clostridium sp. strain P21, isolated from old hay from Sti... more Here, we report the genome sequence of Clostridium sp. strain P21, isolated from old hay from Stillwater, Oklahoma. This announcement describes the generation and annotation of the 5.6-Mb genomic sequence of strain P21, which will aid in studies targeting genes involved in the enhancement of acid-alcohol production.
Soils are frequently contaminated with hydrocarbons such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This... more Soils are frequently contaminated with hydrocarbons such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This contamination inhibits the growth of some microorganisms in the contaminated soils. However, the contamination may select for microorganisms capable of hydrocarbon degradation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Forty five strains of bacteria isolated from tallgrass prairie soil samples were screened for the ability to grow with naphthalene as sole carbon source under aerobic conditions by culturing on minimal medium containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source. Our results showed that none of the 45 strains were able to grow on naphthalene under these conditions. Three out of the 45 strains, e.g. one strain each classified as Ensifer, Stenotrophomonas, or Serratia, were tested for the ability to degrade naphthalene under nitrate reducing conditions. All three strains were facultative anaerobes and showed the physiology of nitrate or nitrate/nitrite reduction when grown under nit...
Nitrite reduction, catalyzed by nitrite reductase, is a key step in the denitrification pathway b... more Nitrite reduction, catalyzed by nitrite reductase, is a key step in the denitrification pathway because it catalyzes the reduction of soluble nitrite (NO2-) into nitric oxide gas (NO). The production of nitric oxide gas therefore decreases the amount of nitrogen in soils. Other studies have investigated the effect of oxygen on denitrification in a few specific microorganisms (e.g. Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum, Thiosphaera pantotropha, and Paracoccus denitrificans). In this study, we tested the effect of oxygen on nitrite reduction in seven strains representing 5 different genera obtained from Tallgrass Prairie soil. The strains were chosen based on positive detection of at least one functional gene in the denitrification pathway along with positive results for nitrate (NO3-) and/or nitrite reduction after growth in nitrate broth in a microtiter plate assay. Under these conditions which did not totally exclude oxygen, three strains were able to reduce nitrite while four strains did ...
Failure Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, 2021
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2019
Community compositional changes and the corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of different el... more Community compositional changes and the corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of different electron donor and acceptor combinations were examined with a methanogenic consortium enriched for its ability to mineralize paraffins. Despite cultivation in the absence of sulfate, metagenomic analysis revealed the persistence of several sulfate-reducing bacterial taxa. Upon sulfate amendment, the consortium was able to couple C28H58 biodegradation with sulfate reduction. Comparative analysis suggested that Desulforhabdus and/or Desulfovibrio likely supplanted methanogens as syntrophic partners needed for C28H58 mineralization. Further enrichment in the absence of a paraffin revealed that the consortium could also utilize carbon steel as a source of electrons. The severity of both general and localized corrosion increased in the presence of sulfate, regardless of the electron donor utilized. With carbon steel as an electron donor, Desulfobulbus dominated in the consortium and electrons f...
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2018
Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion, has significant impacts on th... more Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC), also known as biocorrosion, has significant impacts on the environment and economy. Typical systems to study biocorrosion are either dynamic (once-through flow) or static (serum bottle incubations). Dynamic systems can be materials, cost and personnel intensive, while static systems quickly become nutrient limiting and exhibit long incubations. A semi