PROF. IGWENAGU CHINELO.M | Enugu State University of Science & Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by PROF. IGWENAGU CHINELO.M

Evaluation is a very important aspect in teaching and learning process, for it is the major tool ... more Evaluation is a very important aspect in teaching and learning process, for it is the major tool which helps to assess the quality of teaching and learning respectively. Hence, this paper has looked at the evaluation process adopted by tertiary institutions in Nigeria, using scores of forty students in a statistics course from the department of Mathematics and Statistics of Enugu State University of Science and Technology. Analysis revealed students' poor performance with skewness value, ranging from-1.1 to-0.51. Further analysis revealed that the poor performance may not be blamed on the teacher rather on the students. However, effective evaluation could be achieved by employing the use of some fundamental statistical tools which shows some details concerning the shape and distribution of the result obtained in any examination. This in turn will help to improve teachers/students performances.

This paper has looked at the evaluation process currently going on in the tertiary institutions i... more This paper has looked at the evaluation process currently going on in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria, using scores of forty students in a statistics course in the department of Mathematics/Statistics in Enugu State University of Science and Technology. Analysis revealed students' poor performance with skewness value, ranging from-1.1 to-0.51. Further analysis revealed that the poor performance may not be blamed on the teacher rather on the students. However, the use of electronic assistance is found lacking in evaluation process in Nigeria's tertiary institutions; they are more in tune with the traditional classroom method which lacks some details that could help teachers and students improve on their teaching and learning habits respectively. However, good evaluation process which brings out desired details could be achieved if the use of a computer assisted tool is introduced into the system, this in turn will help to improve teachers/students performances.

Rainfall distribution pattern has been a major concern to Climatologists, Penologists, Agricultur... more Rainfall distribution pattern has been a major concern to Climatologists, Penologists, Agriculturist hydrologist and even to the ordinary man in the street. Rainfall is a critical index of climatological investigation and has major impacts on flora and fauna, as well as ecological setting and water resources management of any area. Following the current moves by the governments to improve on agriculture; the pattern of rainfall is essential for indigenes of Enugu state since they are predominantly farmers. As the moves to encourage agriculture to ensure food security continues to gain ground and acceptability, information on rainfall probabilities is vital for the design of water supply and supplemental irrigation schemes and the evaluation of alternative cropping and of soil water management plans. This study has examined the pattern of rainfall in the state and observed some irregularities in the pattern. For government's efforts towards improving agriculture to be fruitful, a more advanced technology of ensuring constant rain source is very vital.

The issues concerning global warming/climate change cannot be over emphasized since it affects vi... more The issues concerning global warming/climate change cannot be over emphasized since it affects virtually every part of live. The pattern of rainfall in Nigeria using data on the average rainfall for a period of eleven years was examined. The result showed a continuous increase in the pattern of rainfall for a period of five years within the period under study. However the pattern was inconsistence for the remaining year with some kind of fluctuations. Sequence plot showed a clear presence of trend with the peak period being the seventh year corresponding to 2008 within the period under study. Analysis result shows that the test is significance with p-value of 0.006 and coefficient of determination-R2 value of 0.581. The model built was used to make predictions for a period of six years ahead; which shows continuous increase in the pattern of rainfall based on the available data. The irregularity in the pattern of rainfall calls for serious commitment in joining the force for climate change abatement process.

Climate change is one of the environmental challenges currently facing Man, Plant and Animal exis... more Climate change is one of the environmental challenges currently facing Man, Plant and Animal existence globally. Awareness of its effect on some of the climatic factor is important; as this will tell the need for urgent abatement action, especially for developing countries who might be nonchalant given the level of their economic activities. This research therefore considered data on climatic factors collected from 18 States out of the 36 state; covering the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. These factors were analyzed using Path analysis; with correlation coefficient as the path coefficients. The effect of climate change on these factors was measured by the path coefficients obtained from the correlation analysis. Path modeling shows the order in which these factors are affected. The regression result shows some effect of multicolinearity among the variables used. However the R 2 value of 0.668 indicates that the variables used accounted for 66.8% approximately 67% of the total variability in the values of the response variable; that is accounted for by the fitted regression model. Therefore the model can be said to have a good fit, hence the variables were used for Path modeling.

Path Analysis is the statistical technique used to examine causal relationships between two or mo... more Path Analysis is the statistical technique used to examine causal relationships between two or more variables; the technique was used to develop an exploratory Path model of global warming, using Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission as a surrogate. Some factors which are assumed to have some causal relationship with CO 2 emission were considered. The correlation analysis result shows significant relationships between CO 2 emission and the selected factors which include; Energy consumption, Manufacturing output, Industrial output and Gross domestic product (GDP), at 5% significant level with the following correlation coefficients; =0.892, ==0.935, ==0.986, = 0.908 respectively). Path model developed shows that, energy consumption, manufacturing output and industrial output have both direct and indirect effects on global warming while GDP has only direct effect on global warming. This is a clear indication that GDP of any country could give an insight to the level of CO 2 being emitted by that country.

Multicolinearity is a common problem usually encountered in model building using multiple regress... more Multicolinearity is a common problem usually encountered in model building using multiple regression analysis. The effect is such that it affects the interpretation and decision as to which model gave a best fit, especially with variations on the measure of goodness of fit R 2 , t-ratios, variance inflation Factors (VIF) and eigenvalues of the variables used in modeling. Hence, this paper has examined the effect of multicolinearity in modeling climate variables in Nigeria using data collected from the six geo-political Zones in the country. The result of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed a strong effect of multicolinearity among the variables used with VIF >5. To overcome this effect of multicolinearity, principal component analysis was introduced. The result obtained from the principal component regression analysis of the retained variables yielded a more preferable result; than the result obtained when all the variables were used with VIF value of 1.039. Therefore, this study suggests that, in an effort to overcome the effect of multicolinearity, it is advisable to carry out principal component regression analysis on only the variables retained after carrying out Ordinary Least Square multiple regression analysis.

Parental gender preference in developing countries has generated a lot of challenges in the famil... more Parental gender preference in developing countries has generated a lot of challenges in the families, ranging from divorce cases to Polygamous homes. This study has examined Parental gender preference in Enugu state of Nigeria; whose culture as Ibos attaches a lot of importance to a male child for the continuous existence of paternal lineage. Using the chi square test of homogeneity, the analysis gave P-values > 0.05, which led to the acceptance of the null hypothesis of homogeneity. Therefore, it was observed that contrary to the popular view of the people, gender preferences are not significantly different among parents irrespective of their educational level; which measures parent's modernization status.

The problems associated with global warming, ranging from increase in global temperature, change... more The problems associated with global warming, ranging from increase in global temperature, change in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, species extinction, increase in the ranges of diseases and disease vectors were reviewed These underscore the need to reduce emission which causes global warming. The proposed method of emission reduction is by emission trading based on the Kyoto protocol. If this proposal holds, for countries to participate actively, it is important to build a model for estimating their level of CO2 emission. The aim of the study is to develop an exploratory model of global warming, using CO2 emission as a surrogate. This was done using regression analysis and principal component analysis to explore some possible factors that could cause global warming and to know their actual contribution. The regression analysis result with a P< 0.001 indicates that CO2 emission is related to some of the input variables used. However due to the effect of multicollinearity among the variables used, supervised principal component regression analysis was used and the result of the analysis shows that the model build on this method gave a good fit.

Teenage childbearing in developing countries has been a thing of great concern as it has often le... more Teenage childbearing in developing countries has been a thing of great concern as it has often led to a number of socioeconomic problems both to the society and to the families affected. The outcome of teenage pregnancy has been generally associated with higher rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, greater risks for delivery complications, low-birth weight, infants and child mortality. As a result of teenagers' physiological and social immaturity and their lack of adequate prenatal care, health risks associated with their pregnancies and childbearing are more pronounced than those of older women. Therefore this study has examined the relationship between the age of teenagers and the outcome of teenage pregnancy. Based on this study, the result of the analysis shows that both teenagers and older mothers suffer similarly during child bearing. Hence improve medical care is paramount in all the situations.

Maternal mortality is one of the major health challenges facing the developing countries like Nig... more Maternal mortality is one of the major health challenges facing the developing countries like Nigeria, yet families cannot do without childbearing. This paper has carried out a study to determine if mortality depends on type of hospital attended by pregnant mothers. Hospitals were categorized into three; Federal, State and Private owned. Three different categories of hospitals, based on Federal Government, State Government and Private organisation owned, were selected and their average maternal mortality calculated. Using the Analysis of variance statistical tool, P-value of 0.479 (P-value > 0.05) revealed that maternal mortality was the same in the three categories of hospitals. This study therefore suggests that action should be geared towards improving on the available health services irrespective of who owns the hospital, as this will go a long way in improving the health status of mothers.

Cause specific death rate is the death as a result of a particular cause. It is essential for und... more Cause specific death rate is the death as a result of a particular cause. It is essential for understanding the overall epidemiological profile of disease in a population over time. This paper has examined the cause specific infant mortality in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. In identifying the magnitude of all causes of death, correlation analysis result indicates that out of sixteen causes considered for the period under study, the significant causes were Septicemia, Malaria, IUD, Pneumonia, Gastroenteritis, Still birth, Asphyxia and Aneamia. However, four leading causes were identified as Septicemia, Malaria, Neonatal Sepsis and Pneumonia. Considering mortality variation among gender, Analysis of Variance result with p-value of 0.729 revealed that infant mortality is the same for both gender. It is pertinent to mention that infant mortality is actionable since all the identified leading causes are preventable; this calls for more dedication on both parents and health officials.

Life table is a key summary tool for assessing and comparing mortality conditions prevailing in p... more Life table is a key summary tool for assessing and comparing mortality conditions prevailing in populations. It is also a veritable tool for the study of mortality experience in a population. Hence, this paper has extended its application to infant survival pattern, using data on infant mortality collected from University of Nigeria Teaching hospital Enugu for a period of ten years; from 1998 to 2007. The application of the life table function was used to generate the periodic life table for the period under study, which made it possible to examine the mortality condition of the target population. The survival curve plotted follows the type 111 curve indicating situation in a population that has most of its mortality among the young. This calls for the attention of health officials to intensify their effort towards overcoming the challenges of infant mortality in Enugu State of Nigeria.

Biostatistics is an important field of study, both to statisticians, medical/ health and environm... more Biostatistics is an important field of study, both to statisticians, medical/ health and environmental scientists. Its application has been very useful in solving some critical health issues. In health issue like pregnancy, birth outcome is usually expected with a lot of anxiety. This study aimed at applying Biostatistics to examine some possible factors that can influence the birth outcome in a pregnancy; ranging from the number of pregnancies by a mother, to the gestational age of a mother. To achieve this aim, data on birth outcome based on these factors were collected from records Unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. Correlation analysis was used to check if there exist association between birth outcome and the factors considered and the degree of the association that exist among them. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); a multivariate strategy use for classifying observations, into known groups was used to classify the Birth outcome into Stillbirth and Alive birth. From the analysis, Prior Probabilities result of 0.50 indicated that the two birth outcomes were given equal probability. The result of this study identified infant weight to be influencing the birth outcome. The analysis result also pointed out an important process that often poses a big challenge in data collation; the case of misclassification. This study discovered that some births were misclassified as stillbirth/alive birth instead of alive birth/still birth.

My profound gratitude goes to God Almighty, maker of impossible things to be possible. He gave me... more My profound gratitude goes to God Almighty, maker of impossible things to be possible. He gave me the good health, conducive environment and inspiration I enjoyed throughout the period of this research. To Him be all the glory. I commend the effort and encouragement of my supervisor, Prof. G.E.O. Ogum who like a father, kept encouraging and guiding me throughout the period of this research. A lot of commendation also goes to my mentor Prof. and Prof Mrs. I. C.A. Oyeka who were always there for me especially when the going was tough. I will not fail to appreciate the Head of Department of Statistics Dr.(mrs). C.R. Nwosu for her motherly concern. I am grateful to Prof. S. I. Onyeagu and the entire staff of Statistics Department, UNIZIK, for their support throughout the period of this work. I am particularly grateful to Dr. and Dr. Mrs Uche Okeke for all their assistance and prayers. I greatly appreciate my dear husband Ike and lovely kids Kosisochukwu, Ezinne, Chidubem and Somtochukwu for their support, patience and prayers throughout the period of this research. My sweet mother Mrs. Mary Chukwu is not to be left out. When it became tough she did my cooking for me. To My dear Brother Innocent who drives me to and fro Awka throughout this period I say a big thank you. May the Good Lord bless you all. xii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the most sacred heart of Jesus and Immaculate heart of our holy mother Mary.

Asian Journal of Mathematics & Statistics, Feb 1, 2011

This paper proposes, develops and presents a statistical method for the analysis of sample data w... more This paper proposes, develops and presents a statistical method for the analysis of sample data where these data are dichotomous responses assuming only two possible mutually exclusive values such as 1, representing positive response say, and 0 representing negative response say. The Chi-square test statistic based on the Chi-square test for independence is developed as an alternative to the usual Cochran Q test for dichotomous data to test the null hypothesis of equal positive response rate by subjects to a set of test or treatment. The proposed method is illustrated with some sample data and shown to be at least as powerful as the usual Cochran Q test when applied to the same sample observations.

Asian Journal of Mathematics & Statistics, Feb 1, 2011