Werner Balderer | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) (original) (raw)

Papers by Werner Balderer

Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were per... more Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were performed and discusses the reliability and accuracy of the isotope data themselves. Before using hydrochemical and isotopic data to support geochemical and hydrogeologic interpretations, it is necessary to assess whether the samples analyzed were contaminated, and to evaluate the extent to which any such contamination could have influenced the analytical results. It is also important to examine all replicate analytical data and to select for interpretation those values that best represent the properties of the groundwater. The quality of the chemical samples of groundwater taken under the Nagra regional and borehole programs are described using quality block designations. The quality of the isotope samples is not necessarily the same as that of the chemical samples because they were collected at slightly different times and by different procedures. If the quality of the chemical samples is poor, the isotope samples will also be poor.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana, Apr 1, 2016

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2019

Shabestar - Sufian aquifers are one of the main important aquifers of East Azerbaijan Province. T... more Shabestar - Sufian aquifers are one of the main important aquifers of East Azerbaijan Province. The salinity of this aquifers has increased during last decade. Therefore the quality of them has been decreased. Because of the importance of water resources issue and Urmia Lake, it has been decided to investigate on the cause of increasing of the salinity in groundwater of this area. During this research, in order to find the source of salinity and also its relationship with the Urmia Lake, the tracking methods have been used with natural isotopes. Former studies in similar cases had applied hydrochemical methods with the hydrogeological data. Therefore in this study, to get the better results, combined tracking by isotopes and hydrochemical methods has been used. According to this study, source of salinity of this aquifer is due to the evaporation, mixing and leaching processes by the geological formation. To sum up, there was no specific relationship between Urmia Lake and salinity of Shabestar - Sufian aquifers

Environmental Earth Sciences, Jul 27, 2023

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2014

Studies in Environmental Science, 1991

Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were per... more Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were performed and discusses the reliability and accuracy of the isotope data themselves. Before using hydrochemical and isotopic data to support geochemical and hydrogeologic interpretations, it is necessary to assess whether the samples analyzed were contaminated, and to evaluate the extent to which any such contamination could have influenced the analytical results. It is also important to examine all replicate analytical data and to select for interpretation those values that best represent the properties of the groundwater. The quality of the chemical samples of groundwater taken under the Nagra regional and borehole programs are described using quality block designations. The quality of the isotope samples is not necessarily the same as that of the chemical samples because they were collected at slightly different times and by different procedures. If the quality of the chemical samples is poor, the isotope samples will also be poor.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Publications de l’Office fédéral de l’environnement, des forêts et du paysage (OFEFP), 2003

Ce guide de l’échantillonnage des eaux souterraines réunit et présente les informations nécessair... more Ce guide de l’échantillonnage des eaux souterraines réunit et présente les informations nécessaires et les précautions à prendre pour maîtriser chaque phase de l’échantillonnage (préparation de la campagne d’échantillonnage, prélèvement, conditionnement et stockage de l’échantillon) et en assurer la qualité. Il présente également les principales techniques de mesu-res et d’analyses de terrain liées à la problématique de l’échantillonnage des eaux. Ce document est donc des-tiné à toute personne (hydrogéologue, ingénieur, tech-nicien ou chimiste) qui, de près ou de loin, est confron-tée à l’organisation pratique et à la réalisation d’une campagne d’échantillonnage.Diese Praxishilfe für die Grundwasserprobenahmeumfasst die nötigen Informationen und Vorsichts-massnahmen, um jede Phase der Probenahme ein-wandfrei zu bewältigen (Vorbereitung der Probenah-mekampagne, Entnahme, Konditionierung und Lage-rung der Probe) und deren Qualität zu sichern. Sie zeigt ebenfalls die wichtigsten Mess- und Analysen-techniken für den Feldeinsatz in Zusammenhang mit der Problematik der Wasserprobenahme auf. Dieses Dokument richtet sich deshalb an den Personenkreis (HydrogeologInnen, Ingenieurinnen/Ingenieure, Tech-nikerInnen oder ChemikerInnen), der mehr oder weni-ger stark mit der praktischen Organisation und Durch-führung einer Probenahmekampagne befasst ist.This guide to sampling ground water gives the nec-essary information and describes the precautions to be taken during the various phases of sampling (prepara-tion of the sampling plan, taking of samples, treatment and storage of samples) to ensure sampling quality. The main techniques for doing both measurements and analyses in the field related to the problems in sam-pling water are also described. This document is there-fore intended for all those who are involved in any practical way in organising and undertaking ground-water sampling (such as hydrogeologists, engineers, technicians and chemists).Questa guida della campionatura delle acque sot-terraneeraggruppa le informazioni necessarie e indica le precauzioni da prendere per gestire al meglio ogni fase della campionatura (preparazione, prelievo, condi-zionatura nonché l’immagazzinamento del campione) e per assicurarne la qualità. Presenta inoltre le princi-pali tecniche di misurazione e di analisi di terreni lega-ti alla problematica della campionatura delle acque. Questo documento è quindi destinato a tutti coloro (i-drogeologi, ingegneri, tecnici o chimici) che in qualche modo sono confrontati con l’organizzazione pratica e la realizzazione di una campagna di prelievi

Radiocarbon, 2006

ally applied isotope techniques are often not appropriate because of 1) the high amount of waterr... more ally applied isotope techniques are often not appropriate because of 1) the high amount of waterrock interaction; 2) the underground production of nuclides in crystalline, fissured rocks in geothermal conditions; 3) the occurrence of highly saline waters at boiling temperature affected by waterrock interaction processes; and 4) the high fluxes of CO2. Therefore, the application of the 36C1 method looks very promising. We discuss the results of 36C1 determinations of groundwaters from six areas along the North Anatolian Fault zone: (from East to West) Kuzuluk/Adapazari, Yalova/ Gemlik, Bursa, Gonen/Yenice, Bergama and Canakkale (Tuzla/Kestanbol). Main subsurface effects that affect 36C1 concentration of groundwaters in tectonic active areas are: 1) underground production; 2) leaching of rock salt (including fluid inclusions) due to water-rock interaction processes; 3) dissolution of limestones, especially in areas of high CO2 activity related to thermometamorphic processes; and 4) mixing processes of fluids with different origin/evolution with different chloride concentrations and 36C1/Cl ratios. Considering for each area the sources of 36C1 and the water-rock interactions with respect to the chloride cycle, additional information on the ongoing processes of groundwater circulation and evolution as well as the ranges of residence times was gained. Dating with 36C1 is possible only if the local input ratio and exact evolution (from the rock environment along flow path including the geological evolution of the area) is known. Additional information, such as independent hydrodynamic and coupled geothermal modeling as well as the results of other environmental isotopes, gives additional support to the interpretation described above.

Hydrology: Current Research, 2017

Two moderate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 and 5.8 occurred in active tectonic crustal struc... more Two moderate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 and 5.8 occurred in active tectonic crustal structures of the Po Plain in the area of Modena City in Northern Italy. These events generated temporary and/or permanent environmental changes with much damage, leading to 27 deaths. These quakes occurred on May 20, 2012, at 02:03 UTC, and on May 29, 2012, at 07:00 UTC, at depths of 6.3 and 8.1 km, respectively. In order to investigate for effects from the earthquakes on the fluorescence spectra and ion composition of groundwater within the affected area, available mineral water bottled prior to and post the two shocks were collected. Specifically, the regular production lines at the bottling plants of the brands Lieta, Ventasso, Cerelia and Monte Cimone situated in the nearest Appennine chain, contributed to this study. These bottled waters where analyzed for their fluorescence spectra using the synchronous scanning method. Variations of fluorescence intensity a month before the first earthquake of May 20, 2012, appeared to be significant only at Monte Cimone spring, where high density water samples were available. Likewise, variations in ion compositions evidenced peaks at a month before the first earthquake and a month after the second one. pH and conductivity levels of only some springs also shown significant variations at a month before the first earthquake. These findings suggest that a realization of continuous measurement networks in areas prone to incidences by strong earthquakes could be useful for investigating any possible influence of earthquakes on water geochemistry.

Active tectonics of …, 1997

Regional investigation of cold groundwater for the determination of recharge conditions in geothe... more Regional investigation of cold groundwater for the determination of recharge conditions in geothermal areas of Northwestern Turkey THOMAS EISENLOHR, CHRISTOF JECKELMANN, WERNER BALDERER, STEFANO BERNASCONI, WALTER RAUERT AND PETER TRIMBORN ...

Journal of Geological Society of India, 2003

Due to movement of active North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Region the two main shocks, w... more Due to movement of active North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Region the two main shocks, which were epicentered on Golcuk - Izmit, and Duzce on August 17,1999 and November 12,1999 respectively, created the chemical changes on thermal waters of Bursa, Adapazari, Yalova and Kuzuluk - Adapazari geothermal areas, which are close to the active fault zone. Field measurements and chemical analyses of these waters from that date to September, 2000 have revealed considerable temporal changes. The trace element contents exhibited variations, particularly as an increase of Pb, Cu, and Ni levels, and a decrease of Fe, Mn, Zn contents after the earthquake. These analyses also collected in 2000 showed that, all 'these changes were temporary and became nearly normal during 2000.

Thermal and Mineral Waters, 2014

Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were per... more Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were performed and discusses the reliability and accuracy of the isotope data themselves. Before using hydrochemical and isotopic data to support geochemical and hydrogeologic interpretations, it is necessary to assess whether the samples analyzed were contaminated, and to evaluate the extent to which any such contamination could have influenced the analytical results. It is also important to examine all replicate analytical data and to select for interpretation those values that best represent the properties of the groundwater. The quality of the chemical samples of groundwater taken under the Nagra regional and borehole programs are described using quality block designations. The quality of the isotope samples is not necessarily the same as that of the chemical samples because they were collected at slightly different times and by different procedures. If the quality of the chemical samples is poor, the isotope samples will also be poor.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana, Apr 1, 2016

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2019

Shabestar - Sufian aquifers are one of the main important aquifers of East Azerbaijan Province. T... more Shabestar - Sufian aquifers are one of the main important aquifers of East Azerbaijan Province. The salinity of this aquifers has increased during last decade. Therefore the quality of them has been decreased. Because of the importance of water resources issue and Urmia Lake, it has been decided to investigate on the cause of increasing of the salinity in groundwater of this area. During this research, in order to find the source of salinity and also its relationship with the Urmia Lake, the tracking methods have been used with natural isotopes. Former studies in similar cases had applied hydrochemical methods with the hydrogeological data. Therefore in this study, to get the better results, combined tracking by isotopes and hydrochemical methods has been used. According to this study, source of salinity of this aquifer is due to the evaporation, mixing and leaching processes by the geological formation. To sum up, there was no specific relationship between Urmia Lake and salinity of Shabestar - Sufian aquifers

Environmental Earth Sciences, Jul 27, 2023

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2014

Studies in Environmental Science, 1991

Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were per... more Publisher Summary This chapter assesses the quality of samples on which isotope analyses were performed and discusses the reliability and accuracy of the isotope data themselves. Before using hydrochemical and isotopic data to support geochemical and hydrogeologic interpretations, it is necessary to assess whether the samples analyzed were contaminated, and to evaluate the extent to which any such contamination could have influenced the analytical results. It is also important to examine all replicate analytical data and to select for interpretation those values that best represent the properties of the groundwater. The quality of the chemical samples of groundwater taken under the Nagra regional and borehole programs are described using quality block designations. The quality of the isotope samples is not necessarily the same as that of the chemical samples because they were collected at slightly different times and by different procedures. If the quality of the chemical samples is poor, the isotope samples will also be poor.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Publications de l’Office fédéral de l’environnement, des forêts et du paysage (OFEFP), 2003

Ce guide de l’échantillonnage des eaux souterraines réunit et présente les informations nécessair... more Ce guide de l’échantillonnage des eaux souterraines réunit et présente les informations nécessaires et les précautions à prendre pour maîtriser chaque phase de l’échantillonnage (préparation de la campagne d’échantillonnage, prélèvement, conditionnement et stockage de l’échantillon) et en assurer la qualité. Il présente également les principales techniques de mesu-res et d’analyses de terrain liées à la problématique de l’échantillonnage des eaux. Ce document est donc des-tiné à toute personne (hydrogéologue, ingénieur, tech-nicien ou chimiste) qui, de près ou de loin, est confron-tée à l’organisation pratique et à la réalisation d’une campagne d’échantillonnage.Diese Praxishilfe für die Grundwasserprobenahmeumfasst die nötigen Informationen und Vorsichts-massnahmen, um jede Phase der Probenahme ein-wandfrei zu bewältigen (Vorbereitung der Probenah-mekampagne, Entnahme, Konditionierung und Lage-rung der Probe) und deren Qualität zu sichern. Sie zeigt ebenfalls die wichtigsten Mess- und Analysen-techniken für den Feldeinsatz in Zusammenhang mit der Problematik der Wasserprobenahme auf. Dieses Dokument richtet sich deshalb an den Personenkreis (HydrogeologInnen, Ingenieurinnen/Ingenieure, Tech-nikerInnen oder ChemikerInnen), der mehr oder weni-ger stark mit der praktischen Organisation und Durch-führung einer Probenahmekampagne befasst ist.This guide to sampling ground water gives the nec-essary information and describes the precautions to be taken during the various phases of sampling (prepara-tion of the sampling plan, taking of samples, treatment and storage of samples) to ensure sampling quality. The main techniques for doing both measurements and analyses in the field related to the problems in sam-pling water are also described. This document is there-fore intended for all those who are involved in any practical way in organising and undertaking ground-water sampling (such as hydrogeologists, engineers, technicians and chemists).Questa guida della campionatura delle acque sot-terraneeraggruppa le informazioni necessarie e indica le precauzioni da prendere per gestire al meglio ogni fase della campionatura (preparazione, prelievo, condi-zionatura nonché l’immagazzinamento del campione) e per assicurarne la qualità. Presenta inoltre le princi-pali tecniche di misurazione e di analisi di terreni lega-ti alla problematica della campionatura delle acque. Questo documento è quindi destinato a tutti coloro (i-drogeologi, ingegneri, tecnici o chimici) che in qualche modo sono confrontati con l’organizzazione pratica e la realizzazione di una campagna di prelievi

Radiocarbon, 2006

ally applied isotope techniques are often not appropriate because of 1) the high amount of waterr... more ally applied isotope techniques are often not appropriate because of 1) the high amount of waterrock interaction; 2) the underground production of nuclides in crystalline, fissured rocks in geothermal conditions; 3) the occurrence of highly saline waters at boiling temperature affected by waterrock interaction processes; and 4) the high fluxes of CO2. Therefore, the application of the 36C1 method looks very promising. We discuss the results of 36C1 determinations of groundwaters from six areas along the North Anatolian Fault zone: (from East to West) Kuzuluk/Adapazari, Yalova/ Gemlik, Bursa, Gonen/Yenice, Bergama and Canakkale (Tuzla/Kestanbol). Main subsurface effects that affect 36C1 concentration of groundwaters in tectonic active areas are: 1) underground production; 2) leaching of rock salt (including fluid inclusions) due to water-rock interaction processes; 3) dissolution of limestones, especially in areas of high CO2 activity related to thermometamorphic processes; and 4) mixing processes of fluids with different origin/evolution with different chloride concentrations and 36C1/Cl ratios. Considering for each area the sources of 36C1 and the water-rock interactions with respect to the chloride cycle, additional information on the ongoing processes of groundwater circulation and evolution as well as the ranges of residence times was gained. Dating with 36C1 is possible only if the local input ratio and exact evolution (from the rock environment along flow path including the geological evolution of the area) is known. Additional information, such as independent hydrodynamic and coupled geothermal modeling as well as the results of other environmental isotopes, gives additional support to the interpretation described above.

Hydrology: Current Research, 2017

Two moderate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 and 5.8 occurred in active tectonic crustal struc... more Two moderate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 and 5.8 occurred in active tectonic crustal structures of the Po Plain in the area of Modena City in Northern Italy. These events generated temporary and/or permanent environmental changes with much damage, leading to 27 deaths. These quakes occurred on May 20, 2012, at 02:03 UTC, and on May 29, 2012, at 07:00 UTC, at depths of 6.3 and 8.1 km, respectively. In order to investigate for effects from the earthquakes on the fluorescence spectra and ion composition of groundwater within the affected area, available mineral water bottled prior to and post the two shocks were collected. Specifically, the regular production lines at the bottling plants of the brands Lieta, Ventasso, Cerelia and Monte Cimone situated in the nearest Appennine chain, contributed to this study. These bottled waters where analyzed for their fluorescence spectra using the synchronous scanning method. Variations of fluorescence intensity a month before the first earthquake of May 20, 2012, appeared to be significant only at Monte Cimone spring, where high density water samples were available. Likewise, variations in ion compositions evidenced peaks at a month before the first earthquake and a month after the second one. pH and conductivity levels of only some springs also shown significant variations at a month before the first earthquake. These findings suggest that a realization of continuous measurement networks in areas prone to incidences by strong earthquakes could be useful for investigating any possible influence of earthquakes on water geochemistry.

Active tectonics of …, 1997

Regional investigation of cold groundwater for the determination of recharge conditions in geothe... more Regional investigation of cold groundwater for the determination of recharge conditions in geothermal areas of Northwestern Turkey THOMAS EISENLOHR, CHRISTOF JECKELMANN, WERNER BALDERER, STEFANO BERNASCONI, WALTER RAUERT AND PETER TRIMBORN ...

Journal of Geological Society of India, 2003

Due to movement of active North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Region the two main shocks, w... more Due to movement of active North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Region the two main shocks, which were epicentered on Golcuk - Izmit, and Duzce on August 17,1999 and November 12,1999 respectively, created the chemical changes on thermal waters of Bursa, Adapazari, Yalova and Kuzuluk - Adapazari geothermal areas, which are close to the active fault zone. Field measurements and chemical analyses of these waters from that date to September, 2000 have revealed considerable temporal changes. The trace element contents exhibited variations, particularly as an increase of Pb, Cu, and Ni levels, and a decrease of Fe, Mn, Zn contents after the earthquake. These analyses also collected in 2000 showed that, all 'these changes were temporary and became nearly normal during 2000.

Thermal and Mineral Waters, 2014