Martine Dubé | École de Technologie Supérieure (original) (raw)
Papers by Martine Dubé
Composites Part B: Engineering
Engineers Australia, 2019
Figures and data for the article : "Modelling resistance welding of thermoplastic composites... more Figures and data for the article : "Modelling resistance welding of thermoplastic composites with a nanocomposite heating element" submitted to <em>Journal of Composite Materials</em>
Thermoplastic composites can be resistance welded. This method requires the inclusion of a porous... more Thermoplastic composites can be resistance welded. This method requires the inclusion of a porous electrically conductive element between the two composites to be joined. By applying a current to it, it will heat by joule effect and melt the composites matrix. By maintaining pressure on the joint it will consolidate during cooling. These joints are very resistant to fatigue and shear. However it has been observed that the rupture of these joints is mainly between the conductive element made of stainless steel and the thermoplastic matrix with a composite of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) reinforced with carbon fibers. In order to improve these welded joints, the silane is used as a coupling agent between the two materials. It is a bivalent molecule with a silanol part (-Si-OH) that can be grafted to the oxides of the steel and an amine part. Grafting silanes onto the steel increases its adhesion with organic materials. The application of silane layer on the steel has already made it ...
American Society for Composites 2021, 2021
Induction welding involves generating heat by applying an oscillating magnetic field, which produ... more Induction welding involves generating heat by applying an oscillating magnetic field, which produces eddy currents and Joule losses in an electrically-conductive material or hysteresis losses in a magnetic material. Most applications rely on eddy currents generation as composites are often made of electrically-conductive carbon fibres. However, in other applications, heat can be produced by a magnetic susceptor located at the weld interface of the parts to be joined. Composite films of magnetic particles dispersed in a thermoplastic matrix can serve as magnetic susceptors. Magnetic particles selection relies on various parameters that must be thoroughly defined beforehand. Firstly, the applied magnetic field amplitude and frequency is calculated, based on the generated current and the induction coil geometry. Secondly, the thermoplastic matrix is characterized, mainly with DSC measurements, to define its processing window. Finally, the magnetic properties of the particles are measur...
Advanced Engineering Materials, 2017
Recent advances in materials science and three-dimensional (3D) printing 5 hold great promises to... more Recent advances in materials science and three-dimensional (3D) printing 5 hold great promises to conceive new classes of multifunctional materials and 6 components for functional devices and products. Various functionalities (e.g., 7 mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, magnetism) can be offered by 8 the nano-and micro-reinforcements to the non-functional pure printing 9 materials for the realization of advanced materials and innovative systems. In 10 addition, the ability to print 3D structures in a layer-by-layer manner enables 11 manufacturing of highly-customized complex features and allows an efficient 12 control over the properties of fabricated structures. Here, the authors present 13 a brief overview mainly over the latest progresses in 3D printing of 14 multifunctional polymer nanocomposites and microfiber-reinforced compo-15 sites including the benefits, limitations, and potential applications. Only 16 those 3D printing techniques that are compatible with polymer nano-17 composites and composites, that is, materials that have already been used as 18 printing materials, are introduced. The very hot topic of 3D printing of 19 thermoplastic composites featuring continuous microfibers is also briefly 20 introduced. 21 1. Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials and 22 Nanocomposites 23 Nanomaterials (i.e., having at least one dimension in nanoscale 24 between 1 and 100 nm) are increasingly used to achieve 25 multifunctional capabilities in various applications ranging 26 from microelectronics and micro-and nanoelectromechanical 27 systems (MEMS and NEMS) to conductive coatings for 28 aerospace applications. [1-3] There exist various types of nano-29 materials including, but not limited to, carbon nanotubes, 30 carbon nanofibers, graphene, metallic nanowires, metallic and 31 ceramic nanoparticles, clay nanoplatelets, and quantum dots. 32 The incorporation of these nanomaterials into polymers enables 33 the fabrication of entirely new materials, called polymer 34 nanocomposites that exhibit unique properties or functionality 35 (e.g., electrical and thermal conductivities, [4] electro-mechanical 36 sensitivity, [5] magnetism, [6] and mechanical strength [7]). For 37 instance, electrically conductive nanomaterials such as silver 38 nanoparticles, copper nanowires, and graphene are used to
Comprehensive Composite Materials II, 2018
There is currently an increasing effort toward manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) high-end p... more There is currently an increasing effort toward manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) high-end products using additive manufacturing (AM) approach. The main limitations of the common AM techniques have been the limited choice of compatible materials combined with the nonfunctionality (e.g., electrical and thermal insulating) and relatively low mechanical strength of conventional printing materials (e.g., pure polymers). The main goal of this chapter is to review the different state-of-the-art AM methods compatible with nanocomposite and composite materials; explain the material designs, manufacturing parameters and the printed system properties, functionalities, and applications. The printable composite materials are designed with multiple constituents in order to offer a wide variety of functionalities (e.g., electrical and thermal conductivities, magnetism, piezoresistivity) to 3D structures at the nano, micro, or macroscales.
International Journal of Fatigue, 2009
... Fatigue failure characterisation of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer ... more ... Fatigue failure characterisation of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer joints. ... Abstract. An experimental investigation characterising the fatigue failure mechanisms of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer joints is presented. ...
Composites Science and Technology, 2008
This study investigates the fatigue performance of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites. La... more This study investigates the fatigue performance of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites. Lap shear specimens consisting of unidirectional carbon fibre/poly-ether-imide (CF/PEI), unidirectional carbon fibre/poly-ether-ketone-ketone (CF/PEKK) and 8-harness ...
Journal of Composite Materials, 2011
The objective of this work is to determine the effects of metal mesh heating element size on resi... more The objective of this work is to determine the effects of metal mesh heating element size on resistance welding of thermoplastic composites. The materials to be resistance-welded consisted of carbon fiber/poly-ether-ketone-ketone (CF/PEKK), carbon fiber/poly-ether-imide (CF/PEI) and glass fiber/PEI (GF/PEI). Four different metal mesh sizes were used as heating elements. The samples were welded in a lap shear joint configuration and mechanically tested. Maximum Lap Shear Strengths of 52, 47 and 33 MPa were obtained for the CF/PEKK, CF/PEI and GF/PEI specimens, respectively. The ratio of the heating element’s fraction of open area and wire diameter was shown to be the most important parameter to be considered when selecting an appropriate heating element size.
Microchemical Journal, 2013
Monolithic poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns for use in c... more Monolithic poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns for use in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) were developed and characterized by porosimetric measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stationary phases were prepared using 2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as the ionizable monomer and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator of thermal polymerization, which occurred at 60°C. The porogenic solvents used in this work were amyl alcohol and 1,4-butanediol, in the proportion 65:35 (v/v). The ratio between monomers and porogenic solvents was varied in a range of 60 to 80% (v/v) of porogenic agents. The porosimetry showed that the increase in content of porogenic solvents caused an increase in pore surface area, but a relationship with the separation efficiencies was not observed. SEM agreed with the conclusions made through porosimetry, where decreases in globule size could be noted with increases in porogenic solvents.
An investigation of resistance welding of thermoplastic composites skin/stringer specimens is pre... more An investigation of resistance welding of thermoplastic composites skin/stringer specimens is presented. Skin/stringer configurations with square-ended and 20 ° taper-ended flanges were resistance-welded using a metal mesh heating element. The skin and stringer laminates were made of 16-ply APC-2/AS4 PEEK/carbon fiber composite. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of resistance welding to assemble aerospace structures with non-uniform cross-sections such as a taper-ended skin/stringer configuration. Combinations of different clamping distances and power levels were used. The welded specimens were analyzed using short beam tests, ultrasonic inspections and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical performance of the skin/stringer configuration was evaluated by three-point bending tests. Comparison between resistance-welded tapered and square-ended specimens was performed and better performance was obtained with the taper-ended specimens.
Composites Part B: Engineering
Engineers Australia, 2019
Figures and data for the article : "Modelling resistance welding of thermoplastic composites... more Figures and data for the article : "Modelling resistance welding of thermoplastic composites with a nanocomposite heating element" submitted to <em>Journal of Composite Materials</em>
Thermoplastic composites can be resistance welded. This method requires the inclusion of a porous... more Thermoplastic composites can be resistance welded. This method requires the inclusion of a porous electrically conductive element between the two composites to be joined. By applying a current to it, it will heat by joule effect and melt the composites matrix. By maintaining pressure on the joint it will consolidate during cooling. These joints are very resistant to fatigue and shear. However it has been observed that the rupture of these joints is mainly between the conductive element made of stainless steel and the thermoplastic matrix with a composite of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) reinforced with carbon fibers. In order to improve these welded joints, the silane is used as a coupling agent between the two materials. It is a bivalent molecule with a silanol part (-Si-OH) that can be grafted to the oxides of the steel and an amine part. Grafting silanes onto the steel increases its adhesion with organic materials. The application of silane layer on the steel has already made it ...
American Society for Composites 2021, 2021
Induction welding involves generating heat by applying an oscillating magnetic field, which produ... more Induction welding involves generating heat by applying an oscillating magnetic field, which produces eddy currents and Joule losses in an electrically-conductive material or hysteresis losses in a magnetic material. Most applications rely on eddy currents generation as composites are often made of electrically-conductive carbon fibres. However, in other applications, heat can be produced by a magnetic susceptor located at the weld interface of the parts to be joined. Composite films of magnetic particles dispersed in a thermoplastic matrix can serve as magnetic susceptors. Magnetic particles selection relies on various parameters that must be thoroughly defined beforehand. Firstly, the applied magnetic field amplitude and frequency is calculated, based on the generated current and the induction coil geometry. Secondly, the thermoplastic matrix is characterized, mainly with DSC measurements, to define its processing window. Finally, the magnetic properties of the particles are measur...
Advanced Engineering Materials, 2017
Recent advances in materials science and three-dimensional (3D) printing 5 hold great promises to... more Recent advances in materials science and three-dimensional (3D) printing 5 hold great promises to conceive new classes of multifunctional materials and 6 components for functional devices and products. Various functionalities (e.g., 7 mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, magnetism) can be offered by 8 the nano-and micro-reinforcements to the non-functional pure printing 9 materials for the realization of advanced materials and innovative systems. In 10 addition, the ability to print 3D structures in a layer-by-layer manner enables 11 manufacturing of highly-customized complex features and allows an efficient 12 control over the properties of fabricated structures. Here, the authors present 13 a brief overview mainly over the latest progresses in 3D printing of 14 multifunctional polymer nanocomposites and microfiber-reinforced compo-15 sites including the benefits, limitations, and potential applications. Only 16 those 3D printing techniques that are compatible with polymer nano-17 composites and composites, that is, materials that have already been used as 18 printing materials, are introduced. The very hot topic of 3D printing of 19 thermoplastic composites featuring continuous microfibers is also briefly 20 introduced. 21 1. Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials and 22 Nanocomposites 23 Nanomaterials (i.e., having at least one dimension in nanoscale 24 between 1 and 100 nm) are increasingly used to achieve 25 multifunctional capabilities in various applications ranging 26 from microelectronics and micro-and nanoelectromechanical 27 systems (MEMS and NEMS) to conductive coatings for 28 aerospace applications. [1-3] There exist various types of nano-29 materials including, but not limited to, carbon nanotubes, 30 carbon nanofibers, graphene, metallic nanowires, metallic and 31 ceramic nanoparticles, clay nanoplatelets, and quantum dots. 32 The incorporation of these nanomaterials into polymers enables 33 the fabrication of entirely new materials, called polymer 34 nanocomposites that exhibit unique properties or functionality 35 (e.g., electrical and thermal conductivities, [4] electro-mechanical 36 sensitivity, [5] magnetism, [6] and mechanical strength [7]). For 37 instance, electrically conductive nanomaterials such as silver 38 nanoparticles, copper nanowires, and graphene are used to
Comprehensive Composite Materials II, 2018
There is currently an increasing effort toward manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) high-end p... more There is currently an increasing effort toward manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) high-end products using additive manufacturing (AM) approach. The main limitations of the common AM techniques have been the limited choice of compatible materials combined with the nonfunctionality (e.g., electrical and thermal insulating) and relatively low mechanical strength of conventional printing materials (e.g., pure polymers). The main goal of this chapter is to review the different state-of-the-art AM methods compatible with nanocomposite and composite materials; explain the material designs, manufacturing parameters and the printed system properties, functionalities, and applications. The printable composite materials are designed with multiple constituents in order to offer a wide variety of functionalities (e.g., electrical and thermal conductivities, magnetism, piezoresistivity) to 3D structures at the nano, micro, or macroscales.
International Journal of Fatigue, 2009
... Fatigue failure characterisation of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer ... more ... Fatigue failure characterisation of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer joints. ... Abstract. An experimental investigation characterising the fatigue failure mechanisms of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites skin/stringer joints is presented. ...
Composites Science and Technology, 2008
This study investigates the fatigue performance of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites. La... more This study investigates the fatigue performance of resistance-welded thermoplastic composites. Lap shear specimens consisting of unidirectional carbon fibre/poly-ether-imide (CF/PEI), unidirectional carbon fibre/poly-ether-ketone-ketone (CF/PEKK) and 8-harness ...
Journal of Composite Materials, 2011
The objective of this work is to determine the effects of metal mesh heating element size on resi... more The objective of this work is to determine the effects of metal mesh heating element size on resistance welding of thermoplastic composites. The materials to be resistance-welded consisted of carbon fiber/poly-ether-ketone-ketone (CF/PEKK), carbon fiber/poly-ether-imide (CF/PEI) and glass fiber/PEI (GF/PEI). Four different metal mesh sizes were used as heating elements. The samples were welded in a lap shear joint configuration and mechanically tested. Maximum Lap Shear Strengths of 52, 47 and 33 MPa were obtained for the CF/PEKK, CF/PEI and GF/PEI specimens, respectively. The ratio of the heating element’s fraction of open area and wire diameter was shown to be the most important parameter to be considered when selecting an appropriate heating element size.
Microchemical Journal, 2013
Monolithic poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns for use in c... more Monolithic poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns for use in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) were developed and characterized by porosimetric measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stationary phases were prepared using 2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as the ionizable monomer and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator of thermal polymerization, which occurred at 60°C. The porogenic solvents used in this work were amyl alcohol and 1,4-butanediol, in the proportion 65:35 (v/v). The ratio between monomers and porogenic solvents was varied in a range of 60 to 80% (v/v) of porogenic agents. The porosimetry showed that the increase in content of porogenic solvents caused an increase in pore surface area, but a relationship with the separation efficiencies was not observed. SEM agreed with the conclusions made through porosimetry, where decreases in globule size could be noted with increases in porogenic solvents.
An investigation of resistance welding of thermoplastic composites skin/stringer specimens is pre... more An investigation of resistance welding of thermoplastic composites skin/stringer specimens is presented. Skin/stringer configurations with square-ended and 20 ° taper-ended flanges were resistance-welded using a metal mesh heating element. The skin and stringer laminates were made of 16-ply APC-2/AS4 PEEK/carbon fiber composite. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of resistance welding to assemble aerospace structures with non-uniform cross-sections such as a taper-ended skin/stringer configuration. Combinations of different clamping distances and power levels were used. The welded specimens were analyzed using short beam tests, ultrasonic inspections and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical performance of the skin/stringer configuration was evaluated by three-point bending tests. Comparison between resistance-welded tapered and square-ended specimens was performed and better performance was obtained with the taper-ended specimens.